scholarly journals Sulfur and Methionine Metabolism in Sheep. IV. Metabolism and Absorption in the Intestines

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Pelleted Diet

Twelve I8-month-old Merino wethers were fed a ground and pelleted diet of equal parts oaten chaff and lucerne chaff. Sulfur flows at the ileum and faecal excretion of sulfur were estimated for two levels of dry matter intake (500 and 1000 g/day) in sheep receiving intraruminal infusions of water or 4�5 g DL-methionine per day.

Sulfur and methionine metabolism in sheep. III.* Excretion and retention of dietary and supplemented sulfur, and production responses to intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

Two experiments were carried out to study the excretion and retention of nitrogen and sulfur when intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine were given to sheep. Merino wethers were fed on a 50:50 oaten chaff: lucerne chaff ration at different levels of dry matter intake (DMI), either as chaff or ground and pelleted, and with or without intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine. Liveweight gain in experiment 1, and the rate of wool growth and sulfur incorporation into wool were also measured. [35S]L-methionine was used to trace sulfur excretion from the supplement. Increasing the DMI increased (P < 0.001) nitrogen and sulfur excretion in both faeces and urine, but also increased (P < 0.001) the apparent retention of nitrogen and sulfur. The excretion of nitrogen and sulfur was not significantly affected by the form in which the basal ration was supplied, but sulfur retention did improve (P < 0.05) when the ration was given as chaff. DL-methionine supplements resulted in large increases (P < 0.001) in the excretion of total and inorganic sulfate sulfur in urine, and there was a tendency for urinary neutral sulfur excretion to increase. The amino acid supplement did not affect faecal sulfur excretion except at the lower level of feed intake in experiment 2. Differences in the amount of sulfur, from DL-methionine and [35S]L- methionine injections given into the rumen, excreted in faeces and urine indicate possible differences in the metabolism of the amino acid isomers. Increasing DMI resulted in improved (P < 0.001) rates of liveweight gain and wool growth; DL-methionine infusions had no effect. Further, estimates of sulfur incorporation into wool indicate that very little supplementary methionine was utilized at the follicular sites despite increased sulfur retention. The patterns of sulfur excretion suggest that the added methionine was rapidly and virtually completely dissimilated in the rumen. It is concluded that production responses to dietary methionine supplementation occur only under sulfur-deficient conditions or occasionally where degradation is avoided. _____________________ *Part II, Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 32: 65 (1979).

A note on a comparison of two systems for rearing pigs weaned at 2 days of age, involving either a liquid or a pelleted diet

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
M. J. Newport
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Pelleted Diet

SUMMARYIn two experiments pigs were weaned at 2 days of age on to a liquid milk substitute, and from 7 days were either kept to 28 days in individual cages and given the liquid diet to a scale based on live weight, or kept in groups and allowed continuous access to the same diet in the form of pellets. The dry-matter intake from the pelleted diet was considerably less than that from the liquid diet, and the live weight of the pigs given the liquid diet was considerably greater at 28 days. The type of diet did not affect the feed: gain ratio. A liquid diet seems essential to realize the maximum growth potential of pigs weaned at 2 days of age. All pigs received a pelleted diet from 29 days and their overall performance from 2 to 56 days was similar regardless of initial treatment.In a further experiment, the performance of pigs given the liquid diet was better when individually caged rather than when kept in groups.

The effect of the physical form of the diet on the consumption of solid food by calves, and the distribution of food residues in their alimentary tracts

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARY1. British Friesian male calves were offered, in two experiments, either chopped, or ground and pelleted dried grass diets to appetite. In one experiment the pelleted diet was also given in restricted quantities. The calves were slaughtered without being fasted, 6 to 9 weeks after weaning, and detailed measurements were made of the weights and volumes of the sections of the alimentary tract and its contents, and of other abdominal organs.2. Grinding and pelleting the diet reduced mean retention time by approximately 50% and digestibility by 6 to 8 units, and increased dry-matter intake in the two experiments by 55 or 32% respectively, and growth rate by 53 and 69% respectively.3. The ground and pelleted diets resulted in a smaller quantity of fluid digesta in the rumen, and a much greater quantity in the abomasum and small intestine.4. There were smaller differences between diets in the quantity of digesta in the combined caecum and colon, or in the total volume of the organs of the abdomen, than in the amount of digesta in the rumen. It is suggested that further critical studies are required upon the importance of the contents of the alimentary tract, or of the abdomen as a whole, in the control of voluntary food intake in ruminants.

Endogenous losses of phosphorus by sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Ternouth
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
P Balance ◽  
Matter Concentration

SUMMARYTwelve sheep were fed semisynthetic roughage diets at three rates to study the effects of intake of dry matter, concentration of phosphorus and the physical form of two low-P barley straws upon the faecal losses of P. The sheep were in negative P balance throughout the experiement. The absorption of dietary P increased with P intake and was unaffected by differences in the physical form of the roughage. For each barley straw diet, endogenous faecal P increased with dry matter intake, and was higher when the roughage was ground than chopped. Over the whole experiment, daily endogenous faecal P ranged from 8·5 to 31·5 mg/kg live weight. Endogenous faecal P was related to P intake or to dry matter intake and plasma inorganic P. The concentration of faecal endogenous P was negatively related to the intake of each diet. It is concluded that the concentration of inorganic plasma P and the rate of salivary secretion are responsible for the endogenous faecal excretion of P and the regulation of P balance in sheep fed low-P diets.

Dry matter intake precalving in cows offered fresh and conserved pasture

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Roche
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fibre Concentration ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Do So

Maintaining dry matter intake (DMI) during the last 2 weeks of gestation is difficult, and a failure to do so is reported to have negative implications on postcalving DMI (Grummer, 1995) and subsequent milk production (Bertics et al. 1992). DMI at the end of gestation, but excluding the last 1–2 d before parturition, can decrease by up to 30% (Lodge et al. 1975; Bertics et al. 1992; Dewhurst et al. 2000). The extent of the decline varies and may be influenced by a number of factors, such as level of feeding precalving (Lodge et al. 1975; Murphy, 1999; Dewhurst et al. 2000) or amount of non-structural carbohydrates in the precalving diet (Coppock et al. 1972; Forbes, 1995). Most studies were undertaken with cows receiving total mixed ration (TMR) or conserved forage and concentrates. However, this may have been one of the reasons for the witnessed depression. Increasing the proportion of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates or alternatively decreasing the fibre concentration in the precalving diet appears to exacerbate this decline (Coppock et al. 1972; Minor et al. 1998). Research suggests that ruminants may actively select against concentrates as plasma oestrogen concentrations increase, such as happens in the weeks preceding parturition (Forbes, 1995). When hay was offered ad libitum, increasing concentrations of oestrogen (up to 400 μg infused intravenously) had no effect. However, when a complete pelleted diet was offered, a 90-μg infusion caused a lower feed intake, followed by a significant increase after treatment was stopped. The lack of depression in precalving DMI reported by Coppock et al. (1972) and Vazquez-Anon et al. (1994) when forage was the principal component of the diet, supports this.

THE EFFECT OF CEMENT KILN DUST ON TISSUE ACCUMULATION OF TRACE MINERALS IN STEERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
R. S. BUSH ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Seven samples of cement kiln dust (CKD) were compared for particle size and rate of reactivity with dilute HCl. The majority of the CKDs had 80% of the particles less than 53 μm and had reaction rates (t50) of from 23 to 49 sec. A mash and a pelleted CKD diet were compared with a CKD-free control by feeding each diet to four Holstein steers for 336 days. The growth rate and feed consumption of the steers were not significantly different for any of the diets; however, the CKD pellet group grew faster with less daily dry matter intake so that the feed:gain ratio was less (P < 0.05) than for either of the other two groups. The lead content of tissues was elevated for steers fed both CKD diets; however, these differences were not significant. Zinc also appeared to be slightly elevated in liver, kidney and heart. The addition of CKD to diets modified the pH of gastrointestinal tract contents only in the colon. In all parts of the tract posterior to the omasum, the digesta from steers fed the CKD mash diet had lower soluble carbohydrate than digest from steers fed the control. The CKD pelleted diet produced the lowest soluble carbohydrate contents in digesta. Key words: Steer, cement kiln dust, lead, buffer, CKD

Relationships between organic-matter digestibility, dry-matter intake and solute mean retention times in sheep given a ground and pelleted diet

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Faichney ◽  
S. G. Gherardi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Male Sheep

SUMMARYThe relationships between organic-matter digestibility (OMD), dry-matter intake (DMI) and the mean retention time (MRT) of unabsorbed solutes in the gastrointestinal tract were examined using six fistulated, cross-bred, castrate male sheep. Measurements were made on each sheep at two different DMIs within the range 28–81 g D.m./(day. kg0·75). There were negative, curvilinear relationships between MRTs (both rumen and total) and DMI and positive, curvilinear relationships between OMD and MRTs. As a consequence, there was a negative, rectilinear relationship between OMD and DMI. OMD declined by 0·022 when DMI increased from calculated maintenance to twice maintenance. The proportion of the total MRT accounted for by rumen MRT did not change significantly; the mean value was 0·364 ( ± S.e. 0·010).

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

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