scholarly journals A New Variety of Milky Disease, Bacillus popilliae var. rhopaea, From Rhopaea verreauxi

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Milner
Keyword(s):  
Colony Size ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Bacillus Popilliae

A variety of B. popilliae was found to cause milky disease in R. verreauxi populations in the Ebor-Dorrigo region ofN.S.W. Only the closely related species R. verreauxi, R. morbillosa and Othnonius batesi were susceptible per os, while the taxonomically more distant species Sericesthis nigrolineata, S. geminata and Anop/ognathus porosus were resistant. At sporulation both a spore (2' 4 by 1� 2 .urn) and a parasporal body (I . 2 by O' 8 Jlm) are formed within the sporangium. Growth on solid J medium was sparse with a maximum colony size 2 mm in diameter under aerobic conditions; under anaerobic conditions growth was reduced. Growth was optimal at 25�C and pH 7� 5. The in vitro temperature range was 15-32�C whilst in vivo the range for spore formation was 16-30�C. Growth in vitro was solely vegetative and all attempts to induce sporulation failed. Trehalose, glucose, sucrose, mannose and maltose were utilized, resulting in acid production. Vegetative cells were normally non-motile and always catalase negative. In aqueous suspension spores survived over 60 min at 84�C but only 5 min at 94 �C.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Conditions Induce Expression of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 4079-4085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Cramton ◽  
Martina Ulrich ◽  
Friedrich Götz ◽  
Gerd Döring
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Environment ◽  
Specific Mrna

ABSTRACT Products of the intercellular adhesion (ica) operon in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis synthesize a linear β-1,6-linked glucosaminylglycan. This extracellular polysaccharide mediates bacterial cell-cell adhesion and is required for biofilm formation, which is thought to increase the virulence of both pathogens in association with prosthetic biomedical implants. The environmental signal(s) that triggers ica gene product and polysaccharide expression is unknown. Here we demonstrate that anaerobic in vitro growth conditions lead to increased polysaccharide expression in both S. aureus and S. epidermidis, although the regulation is less stringent inS. epidermidis. Anaerobiosis also dramatically stimulates ica-specific mRNA expression inica- and polysaccharide-positive strains of both S. aureus and S. epidermidis.These data suggest a mechanism whereby ica gene expression and polysaccharide production may act as a virulence factor in an anaerobic environment in vivo.

METABOLISM OF RAM TESTICULAR SPERMATOZOA IN THE PRESENCE OF TESTOSTERONE AND RELATED STEROIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Voglmayr ◽  
R. N. Murdoch ◽  
I. G. White
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Rete Testis ◽  
Glycolytic Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Testicular Spermatozoa ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

ABSTRACT The effects of testosterone* and related steroids on the oxidative and glycolytic metabolism of freshly collected ram testicular spermatozoa and of spermatozoa stored under air in rete testis fluid for 3 days at 3°C have been studied. When freshly collected testicular spermatozoa were incubated with glucose under aerobic conditions only a small proportion of the utilized glucose could be accounted for as lactate. The addition of a number of steroids, including testosterone, androstanedione, 5β-androstanedione, androsterone, epiandrosterone and 5β-androsterone, greatly increased aerobic glycolysis, the oxidation of the substrate and the proportion of the utilized substrate converted to lactic acid. After 3 days storage at 3°C, testicular spermatozoa respired at a greater rate than spermatozoa freshly collected from the testes. Although the stimulating effect of steroids on aerobic glycolysis increased after storage, they depressed rather than stimulated the oxidation of glucose by stored testicular spermatozoa. With the exception of androstanedione, which slightly stimulated glycolysis, storage of testicular spermatozoa for 3 days in the presence of steroids did not significantly influence their subsequent metabolism when washed free of the steroids. Both freshly collected and stored ram testicular spermatozoa displayed a marked Pasteur effect, and utilized more glucose and produced more lactate under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions. In the absence of oxygen the steroids did not stimulate glycolysis to any extent. However, epiandrosterone depressed the glycolysis of freshly collected spermatozoa under anaerobic conditions and after storage, 5β-androsterone had a similar effect. Androstanedione, 5β-androstanedione, epiandrosterone and 5β-androsterone were the most effective steroids in altering the metabolism of testicular spermatozoa and, under almost all conditions of incubation, depressed the synthesis of amino acids from glucose. The results suggest that the effects of testosterone and related steroids in vitro may depend on the age of the spermatozoa after their release from the Sertoli cells; the steroid effects may have important consequences in vivo in relation to sperm maturation.

scholarly journals КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ВИРУКИЛЛ 260 ПРОТИВ ЯИЦ АСКАРИДИЙ У КУР Сафиуллин Р.Т., Чалышева Э.И., Краснобаев Ю.В.

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: ЦЫПЛЯТА, АСКАРИДИИ (ASCARIDIA GALLI), ЯЙЦА, КОПРОСКОПИЯ, СРЕДСТВА ДЕЗИНВАЗИИ, ВИРУКИЛЛ 260, ФЕНОЛ, ИНТЕНСЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ, ЭЙМЕРИИ АННОТАЦИЯ: Лабораторные исследования по изучению овоцидных свойств комплексного средства Вирукилл 260 в разных концентрациях в опыте in vitro на дистиллированной воде показали, что интенсэффективность препарата (доля погибших яиц аскаридий Ascaridia galli) составила: при концентрации 0,5% - 95,9%; 1 и 2% - 100%. Использованный в качестве препарата сравнения фенол (4%) в условиях лаборатории показал интенсэффективность 87,8%. Проведенная биопроба на цыплятах с 16 (инокуляция яйцами аскаридий) по 51 день жизни (возраст контрольного убоя) показала, что при неполном уничтожении аскаридий в случае использования фенола и 0,5% раствора Вирукилл 260 живая масса цыплят и ее среднесуточный прирост снижаются по сравнению с интактным контролем. Концентрация препарата 1% ранее показала себя эффективной также против спорулированных ооцист эймерий, поэтому ее рекомендуется использовать на практике для подготовки птичников к заселению молодняком для их дезинфекции против экзогенных стадий как аскаридий, так и эймерий. THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED PREPARATION VIRUKILL-260 AGAINST ASCARID OVA IN CHICKEN SAFIULLIN R.T.1, CHALYSHEVA E.I.1, KRASNOBAYEV YU.V.2 1 Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary of K.I. Skryabin & Y.R. Kovalenko” of Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Ratsiovet Co The ovocidic properties of different concentrations of the combined preparation Virukill-260 in compare to phenolic solution were studied in vitro on the aqueous suspension of the ova of ascarids (Ascaridia galli). The efficiency of the elimination was 95.9% for 0.5% aqueous solution of the preparation, 100% for 1 and 2% solutions; for phenolic solution (4%) it was 87.8%. The in vivo test on four treatments of chicken (universal Yubileynaya breed, 5 birds per treatment) since 16 days of age (inoculation of treatments 2-4 with non-treated ova and ova preliminary treated with phenol and Virukill-260, 0.5%, respectively; intact control treatment 1 was not inoculated) to the slaughter at 51 days of age evidenced the decreases in live bodyweight and average daily weight gains in cases of incomplete elimination of the parasites in compare to the intact control. Since the concentration of the preparation 1% was earlier found to be effective against sporulated oocysts of the Eimerias it can be recommended for the disinfection of commercial poultry houses prior to the population for the complete preliminary elimination of ascarids and Eimerias at the exogenous stages of their life cycles. Keywords: CHICKEN, ASCARIDS (ASCARIDIA GALLI), OVA, COPROSCOPY, DISINVASIVE AGENTS, VIRUKILL-260, PHENOL, ELIMINATION EFFICIENCY, EIMERIAS

scholarly journals In Vitro Genotoxicity Assessment from the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10257
Author(s):  
Young-Jae Song ◽  
Dong-Gu Kim ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Wonnam Kim ◽  
Hyo-Jin An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

The various species that comprise the genus Glycyrrhiza (Licorice) have long been used as oriental herbal medicines in Asian countries. Wongam (WG), which is a new variety of Glycyrrhiza, was developed in Korea to overcome the limitations of low productivity, environmental restrictions, and an insufficient presence of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritigenin. In this study, we evaluated WG extract’s genotoxicity through an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (AMES) test, an in vitro chromosome aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. In the AMES test, WG extract at concentrations of up to 5000 µg/plate showed no genotoxicity regardless of S9 mix. No chromosome aberrations appeared after 6 h in 1400 µg/mL WG extract regardless of S9 mix or in 1100 µg/mL WG extract after 24 h without S9 mix. Nor was there a significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes up to 5000 mg/kg/day for 2 days detected in the micronucleus test. These results confirm that WG extract is safe for use as an herbal medicine, as it precipitates no detectable genotoxic effects.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Licorice on IL-1β-Induced Chondrocytes and In Silico Approach for Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
YoungJoon Park ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Hyo-Jin An ◽  
Jong-Sik Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Chondrocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Active Compounds

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disorder that affects joint function, mobility, and pain. The release of proinflammatory cytokines stimulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanase production which further induces articular cartilage degradation. Hypertrophy-like changes in chondrocytes are considered to be an important feature of OA pathogenesis. A Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), was developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration to enhance the cultivation and quality of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (licorice). This study examined the regulatory effect of WG against hypertrophy-like changes such as RUNX2, Collagen X, VEGFA, MMP-13 induction, and Collagen II reduction induced by IL-1β in SW1353 human chondrocytes. Additionally, in silico methods were performed to identify active compounds in licorice to target chondrocyte hypertrophy-related proteins. WG showed inhibitory effects against IL-1β-induced chondrocyte hypertrophy by regulating both HDAC4 activation via the PTH1R/PKA/PP2A pathway and the SOX9/β-catenin signaling pathway. In silico analysis demonstrated that 21 active compounds from licorice have binding potential with 11 targets related to chondrocyte hypertrophy. Further molecular docking analysis and in vivo studies elicited four compounds. Based on HPLC, isoliquiritigenin and its precursors were identified and quantified. Taken together, WG is a potential therapeutic agent for chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes in OA.

The influence of oxygen on the efficacy of porcine lactobacillus probiotic cultures

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
J. Periz ◽  
K. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Set Up

Lactobacillus probiotics have consistently shown in vitro properties of key importance in the prevention of diarrhoea at weaning. However, these probiotics have shown variable results in pigs in vivo, and it is important to determine the reasons for this variability if the efficacy of the preparations is to be improved. Hillman et al. (1993) reported that there are significant oxygen levels along the piglet intestine. As Lactobacillus spp. are primarily anaerobic bacteria, and are isolated and examined in vitro under anaerobic conditions, it is possible that the presence of oxygen along the piglet intestine could be exerting a detrimental action on their probiotic effectiveness. This experiment was set up to examine the influence of oxygen on two porcine Lactobacillus spp which have been previously demonstrated to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli K88 in vitro (Hillman and Fox, 1994).

scholarly journals Microbiological and SEM-EDS Evaluation of Titanium Surfaces Exposed to Periodontal Gel: In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardi ◽  
Serena Bianchi ◽  
Anna Rita Tomei ◽  
Maria Adelaide Continenza ◽  
Guido Macchiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Implant Dentistry

Inflammatory diseases affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding an implant represent a new challenge in contemporary implant dentistry. Among several methods proposed for the decontamination of titanium surfaces, the administration of topical 14% doxycycline gel seems to be a reliable option. In the present study, we evaluated the microbial effect of 14% doxycycline gel applied on titanium surfaces and exposed to human salivary microbes in anaerobic conditions. We also examined the composition of the exposed surfaces to assess the safe use of periodontal gel on titanium surfaces. Six anatase and six type 5 alloy titanium surfaces were used and divided into two groups: The test group and the positive control group. Both were cultured with human salivary samples in anaerobic conditions. On the test groups, 240 mg of periodontal gel was applied. The microbial assessment was performed with a colony-forming unit (CFU) count and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) to identify the species. The surface integrity was assessed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results demonstrated the microbial efficacy of the 14% doxycycline periodontal gel and its safe use on titanium surfaces. However, the SEM observations revealed the permanence of the gel on the titanium surfaces due to the physical composition of the gel. This permanence needs to be further investigated in vivo and a final polishing protocol on the titanium surface is recommended.

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