scholarly journals The Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles of Asian, African, and South American Cattle

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mcewan jenkinson ◽  
T Nay
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
South American ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Measurements were made on the skins of 471 Asian, 281 African, and 186 South American cattle from different breeds, and the mean values have been tabulated. The skin types present in each breed or group of breeds were determined using sweat gland shape (LID), i.e.

scholarly journals The Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles of European Cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mcewan Jenkinson ◽  
T Nay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Cattle

Measurements were made on the skins of 1363 cattle from different European breeds. The mean values of these measurements have been tabulated for each breed and the skin types present in each breed or group of breeds have been determined using sweat gland shape (LID) and hair follicle depth (FrY) as the principal bases of comparison.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Cyclic Changes in the Hair Follicle and Sweat Gland Size in Cattle

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyclic Changes

The morphology of hair follicles has been studied in 23 Africander-Hereford crossbred yearlings. Eleven hair growth phases were recognized as a result of work on two animals. The piloapocrine units representing each phase have been illustrated by tracings. The mean length, diameter, length-diameter ratio, and area of sweat glands corresponding to each phase have been tabulated and illustrated.

Quantitative and morphological variation of sweat glands, skin thickness, and skin shrinkage over various body regions of Sahiwal Zebu and Jersey cattle

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
YS Pan
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Sampling Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

By comparison with Jerseys the sweat glands of Sahiwals were 70% longer, 55% wider, and 315% greater in mean volume. Total sweat gland volume per unit area of skin was 340%, greater and skin thickness was 60% greater, but skin shrinkage was 30%, less. The density of sweat glands was 1130/cm2 for Jerseys and 1200/cm2 for Sahiwals. In almost all animals the characters varied significantly between the various body positions, and in most cases showed trends. Values for the generally adopted midside sampling position were usually within 10% of the mean value for all positions. Sweat gland shape varied over the body. Most of the shapes observed in the two species were present in one position or another within each animal.

scholarly journals Comparative evidence for the independent evolution of hair and sweat gland traits in primates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana G. Kamberov ◽  
Samantha M. Guhan ◽  
Alessandra DeMarchis ◽  
Judy Jiang ◽  
Sara Sherwood Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Gland ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Human Feature ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

AbstractHumans differ in many respects from other primates, but perhaps no derived human feature is more striking than our naked skin. Long purported to be adaptive, humans’ unique external appearance is characterized by changes in both the patterning of hair follicles and eccrine sweat glands, producing decreased hair cover and increased sweat gland density. Despite the conspicuousness of these features and their potential evolutionary importance, there is a lack of clarity regarding how they evolved within the primate lineage. We thus collected and quantified the density of hair follicles and eccrine sweat glands from five regions of the skin in three species of primates: macaque, chimpanzee and human. Although human hair cover is greatly attenuated relative to that of our close relatives, we find that humans have a chimpanzee-like hair density that is significantly lower than that of macaques. In contrast, eccrine gland density is on average 10-fold higher in humans compared to chimpanzees and macaques, whose density is strikingly similar. Our findings suggest that a decrease in hair density in the ancestors of humans and apes was followed by an increase in eccrine gland density and a reduction in fur cover in humans. This work answers longstanding questions about the traits that make human skin unique and substantiates a model in which the evolution of expanded eccrine gland density was exclusive to the human lineage.

Skin structure of Egyptian buffaloes and cattle with particular reference to sweat glands

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez ◽  
A. L. Badreldin ◽  
M. M. Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Dermal Papillae

The structure, distribution and dimensions of skin strata and sweat glands have been investigated in Egyptian buffaloes and cattle. Samples from sixteen body regions were taken from three adult bulls of both species. Identical studies were also made on one buffalo calf and two buffalo embryos. Serial vertical and horizontal sections were cut from each body region using the ‘terpineol paraffin wax’ method. The following results were obtained.1. Buffalo skin is characterized by dermal papillae enclosing papillomatous epidermis. The fibrous structure of the dermis is similar in both species. In buffaloes, the average thickness of skin, main epidermis, papillomatous epidermis, and cornium is 6·5 mm., 50, 115, and 11μ respectively. The epidermis coefficient is 12 for the main epidermis and 18 for the papillomatous epidermis. In cattle, the average thickness of skin, epidermis and cornium layer is 4·3 mm., 51 and 5 μ respectively, while the epidermis coefficient is 8.2. The average number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. Each hair follicle is accompanied by two large lobulated sebaceous glands in the buffalo, and one small bilobed gland in cattle.3. There is no species difference in the histology of the sweat glands. Each hair follicle is accompanied by one sweat gland in both species. In the buffalo, the body of the sweat gland is oval and convoluted, while the duct is twisted at its attachment to the body. In cattle, the body of the gland is elongated while the duct is straight. The number of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. The dimensions of the sweat glands are larger in buffaloes than in cattle. The length, circumference and sweating surface of the gland is 0·58, 0·47, and 0·276 sq.mm. in the buffalo, and 0·47, 0·26, and 0·124 sq.mm. in cattle respectively. The glandular surface of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 1·07 sq.cm. in the buffalo and 3·08 sq.cm. in cattle.4. The type of sweat gland secretion is apocrine in both species. In the buffalo, successive stages of apocrine secretion are observed, and the merocrinelike form is rare. In cattle, the merocrine-like form prevails and the other stages are very rare. The theory (Findlay & Yang, 1950) of intraluminal transformation, of secretory products from coarse granularity to fluid homogeneity is supported. The effect of locality on the type of sweating activity is stressed.5. There are species differences in the distribution of blood vessels and capillaries. In the subepidermal level, the arterial branches are more frequent and superficial in buffaloes than in cattle. Capillaries are found in the dermal papillae of buffalo skin. The capillary loops encircling the hair follicle are more frequent in cattle than in buffaloes. The blood capillaries supplying the sebaceous glands are more numerous in the buffalo than in cattle. The blood supply of sweat glands is poor in both species.6. There are age differences in the skin histology. The number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin in a 5-months-old embryo, calf at birth, and adult buffaloes is 10560, 1248 and 400 respectively. There are no skin glands in the 1-month and 5-months-old embryos. The sweat gland in the calf is small in size and similar in structure to that of the adult. Calves have fewer sweat glands than adults.7. The body conformation and the degree of pigmentation are affected by species, breed and locality.8. The secreting activity of the sweat glands may be affected by the locality.9. It seems that there are species differences in the mechanism of heat convection and radiation, insensible perspiration and sensible perspiration, due to histological differences.

scholarly journals The Dermis of Millivora Capenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Samad Muhammed Mohd ◽  
Dalal Abdul Hussain Kadium ◽  
Ashwaq Kadium Ebed ◽  
Hussain sattar Rebat Alzerfi
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

The present study was conducted on the dorsal skin of  three (Millivora  Capenesis)., Dermis were collected from  healthy animals,formalin fixed and carried out routein histological procedure,then section at thicness six micrometer and stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin stain .  Histologically,the dermis was composed of the papillary and reticular layers , the papillary layer was formed from loose connective tissue, composed of a bundant collageneous fibers, few elastic fibers, net work of blood capillaries, large artery , large vein and meissner , and pacinian corpscules (tactile corpscules) , the deeper layer of dermis was contain dense connective tissue that included skin appendages such as hair , sebaceous glands , sweat glands , there was two types of hair follicles , primary and secondary follicles , the sebaceous glands which surrounded the hair follicles , these glands were alveolar glands , while sweat glands were simple saccular glands that lined by low cuboidal epithelium from another hand , the ducts of sweat gland was lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium .the meissner corpscule was singly located in the papillary layer of the dermis, while the pacinian corpscule was found in the reticular layers ,our findings were showed these corpscules as onion shapes.The dermis of Millivora Capenesis consist of papillary and reticular layers with skin layer appendage; Sweat gland, sebaceous glands, primary and secondary hair follicles with meissner and pacinian corpscules.        DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3376377                                                                                                 

Sweating in cattle VI. Density of sweat glands and its relationship with cutaneous evaporation

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Biopsy Punch ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation

Two calves (Zebu × Australian Illawara Shorthorn and Shorthorn) of about 7–8 months of age were exposed to controlled atmospheric conditions. Cutaneous evaporation from the shoulder and belly areas of these calves was measured by the capsule method. Density of the sweat glands in the shoulder and belly areas of these calves was measured, using a biopsy punch. Density was estimated by counting the hair follicles.(1) The Zebu cross sweats more than the Shorthorn, at least from the shoulder area, and this is related to its higher sweat gland density as compared with that of the Shorthorn.(2) In the Zebu cross cutaneous evaporation from the shoulder area is greater than that of the belly and this is associated with the differences in the number of sweat glands.(3) In the Shorthorn cutaneous evaporation is the same from both shoulder and belly areas and the number of sweat glands in these regions is also the same.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

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