scholarly journals Haploid Arabidopsis Thaliana Callus and Plants From Anther Culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Gresshoff ◽  
CH Doy
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Late Prophase ◽  
General Application ◽  
High Auxin ◽  
Haploid Callus ◽  
Prophase Of Meiosis

Haploid callus and plants were cultured from the anthers of diploid A. thaliana. This depends on removing anthers during late prophase of meiosis, selecting a genotype favouring callus formation from dividing sporocytes on a high auxin-low kinetin concentration, fully defined medium, then inducing differentiation by transfer to a low auxin-high kinetin concentration, fully defined medium, with a light-dark cycle. Attempts to produce embryoids directly from' anthers were unsuccessful. The view that our approach may have Ii. more general application is discussed in relation to the work of others and our culture of haploid callus and plantlets from tomato (LycoperBicon eBculentum) and haploid callus from barley (Hordeum vulgare).

scholarly journals Conserved and Opposite Transcriptome Patterns during Germination in Hordeum vulgare and Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7404
Author(s):  
Yanqiao Zhu ◽  
Oliver Berkowitz ◽  
Jennifer Selinski ◽  
Andreas Hartmann ◽  
Reena Narsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
High Level

Seed germination is a critical process for completion of the plant life cycle and for global food production. Comparing the germination transcriptomes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the overall pattern was conserved in terms of functional gene ontology; however, many oppositely responsive orthologous genes were identified. Conserved processes included a set of approximately 6000 genes that peaked early in germination and were enriched in processes associated with RNA metabolism, e.g., pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing proteins. Comparison of orthologous genes revealed more than 3000 orthogroups containing almost 4000 genes that displayed similar expression patterns including functions associated with mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, carbohydrate and RNA/DNA metabolism, autophagy, protein modifications, and organellar function. Biochemical and proteomic analyses indicated mitochondrial biogenesis occurred early in germination, but detailed analyses revealed the timing involved in mitochondrial biogenesis may vary between species. More than 1800 orthogroups representing 2000 genes displayed opposite patterns in transcript abundance, representing functions of energy (carbohydrate) metabolism, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, and gene regulation. Differences in expression of basic-leucine zippers (bZIPs) and Apetala 2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (EREBPs) point to differences in regulatory processes at a high level, which provide opportunities to modify processes in order to enhance grain quality, germination, and storage as needed for different uses.

Propagation of American Elm via Cell Suspension Cultures

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan ◽  
S. M. Lopushanski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
American Elm ◽  
High Auxin

American elm was propagated from callus derived from cell suspension cultures. Suspensions, established from callus, were plated onto agar where, after transfer to a simpler defined medium over 18 months, shoots were produced. Maintenance of high auxin levels yielded roots but no shoots. Shoots were removed from the callus, were treated briefly with indole-3-butyric acid, and transferred to a sphagnum moss – sand mixture for rooting. Other than the absence of cotyledons, plants from callus were comparable to elm seedlings.

scholarly journals The atypical histone variant H3.15 promotes callus formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. dev184895 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Yan ◽  
Michael Borg ◽  
Frédéric Berger ◽  
Zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Histone Variant

scholarly journals Circumnutation and Growth of Inflorescence Stems of Arabidopsis thaliana in Response to Microgravity under Different Photoperiod Conditions

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Junyan Xie ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Huiqiong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Infradian Rhythm ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Inflorescence Stems ◽  
Growth Movement

Circumnutation is a periodic growth movement, which is an important physiological mechanism of plants to adapt to their growth environments. Gravity and photoperiod are two key environmental factors in regulating the circumnutation of plants, but the coordination mechanism between them is still unknown. In this study, the circumnutation of Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems was investigated on board the Chinese recoverable satellite SJ-10 and the Chinese spacelab TG-2. Plants were cultivated in a special plant culture chamber under two photoperiod conditions [a long-day (LD) light: dark cycle of 16:8 h, and a short-day (SD) light: dark cycle of 8:16 h]. The plant growth and movements were followed by two charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. The parameter revealed a daily (24 h) modulation on both TG-2 and SJ-10, under both the LD and the SD conditions. The inhibition of circumnutation was more apparent by microgravity under the SD in comparison with that under the LD condition, suggesting the synergistic effects of the combined microgravity and photoperiod on the circumnutation in space. In addition, an infradian rhythm (ca. 21 days long) on the TG-2 was also observed.

Crosstalk between the cytokinin and MAX2 signaling pathways in growth and callus formation of Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 511 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Li ◽  
Kien Huu Nguyen ◽  
Chien Van Ha ◽  
Yasuko Watanabe ◽  
Lam-Son Phan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Callus Formation

Characterization of telomeres in Hordeum vulgare chromosomes by in situ hybridization. II. Healed broken chromosomes in telotrisomic 4L and acrotrisomic 4L4S lines

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoke Wang ◽  
Nora L. V. Lapitan ◽  
Marion Roder ◽  
Takumi Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Parts

The ends of barley chromosomes hybridize in situ to the telomeric sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana. It was confirmed that the cross-hybridizing sequences in barley are found at the absolute ends of the chromosomes by exonuclease Bal31 digestion. The Bal31 experiments also indicated that telomere-like sequences do not occur in high copies at interstitial sites in barley. To determine whether healing of broken chromosomes occurred in aneuploid lines of barley containing extra chromosomes with breakages in different parts, in situ hybridization with the A. thaliana telomere on telotrisomic 4L and acrotrisomic 4L4S lines was conducted. Telosome 4L possesses breaks in the centromere and in an interstitial location in the long arm, while acrosome 4L4S possesses interstitial breaks in both long and short arms. In situ hybridization revealed the presence of telomere sequences on both broken ends of telosome 4L and acrosome 4L4S. In telosome 4L, telomere sequences were present even at the broken site of the centromere. These results show that broken ends of barley chromosomes were healed. Such healing may explain the stability of these chromosomes through many generations.Key words: telomere, centromere, telosome, acrosome, acrotrisomic, telotrisomic.

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