scholarly journals Some Properties of a Plant Growth Inhibitor Present in Xylem Sap of Woody Species

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Da Vison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Coleoptile Section ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation

An ether-soluble, non-toxic inhibitor of plant growth was shown to be present in varying amounts in xylem sap from shoots of various woody species. Some chromatographic properties of the inhibitor are described. The inhibitor reduced growth of wheat coleoptile sections and lettuce hypocotyls, and inhibited germination of lett,uce and cress seeds. The inhibitor did not interact competitively with either auxin in the wheat coleoptile elongation test or with gibberellic acid in the lettuce hypocotyl test. Gibberellic acid did not overcome the inhibitory effect on seed germination. The inhibition of coleoptile section growth was reversed on transfer from inhibitor solution to sucrose solution.

Xanthoxin, a recently discovered plant growth inhibitor

1972 ◽  
Vol 180 (1060) ◽  
pp. 317-346 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Coleoptile Section ◽  
Cress Seed ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Seed Germination Test

The naturally occurring plant growth inhibitor xanthoxin which was discovered in these laboratories has been prepared in vitro by the oxidation of the pigment violaxanthin with neutral zinc permanganate solution. By the use of chemical and spectroscopic techniques, xanthoxin has been characterized as a mixture of the 2- cis , 4- trans - and 2- trans , 4- trans -isomers of 5-(1', 2', -epoxy-4'-hydroxy-2', 6', 6'-tri-methyl-1'-cyclohexy)-3-methyl-pentadienal. These are also obtained by similar oxidations of neoxanthin, antheraxanthin and lutein epoxide. Cis, trans -xanthoxin probably arises from the corresponding cis -xanthophyll and its conversion to ( + )-ABA by simple chemical procedures is reported. The biological activity of cis, trans -xanthoxin has been shown to be considerably greater than that of the trans, trans -isomer. It is comparable with that of ( ± )-ABA in the wheat coleoptile section, the lettuce hypocotyl and bean petiole abscission tests, but greater than that of ( ± )-ABA in the cress seed germination test. Xanthoxin is shown to antagonize the growth-promoting effects of the plant hormones 3-indolylacetic acid, gibberellic acid and kinetin. Other xanthoxin derivatives have been prepared and their activities in several tests are also reported. The uptake of xanthoxin by tomato shoots leads to a subsequent large increase in the ABA content of the tissue. Evidence is presented for a possible biogenetic conversion of cis, trans -xanthoxin into ( + )-ABA by plants.

scholarly journals Resin acids as the potential growth-affecting component of pine oleoresin

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Wodzicki ◽  
Alina B. Grodek ◽  
S. Zajączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Growth Test ◽  
Coleoptile Section

The nonvolatile fraction of the oleoresin of <i>Pinus sihestris</i> L. was found to contain substances which inhibit growth of wheat ceoleoptile and oat mesocotyl sections in standard bioassays. The inhibition is mainly confined to the fraction of resin acids. Among the seven authentic resin acids tested, the effects of dehydroabietic and abietic acids were most sifgnificant. Palustric, pimaric and isopimaric acids were not effective in the wheat coleoptile section straight growth test. None of the substances, in the amounts tested, except for extremely high concentration, exerted an inhibitory effect on natural or IAA-induced elongation of pine hypocotyl sections. Neither was an inhibitory effect discovered in the microbiological test with the <i>Aspergillus niger</i> van Tiegh. The results obtained with pine hypocotyl sections, allow the conclusion that resin acids interfering with the results of standard bioassays are probably not effective as inhibitory factors in the regulation of pine tissue growth.

A GROWTH INHIBITOR FROM THE ROOTS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM MORIFOLIUM RAMAT. AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON THE GIBBERELLIC ACID RESPONSE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

The growth-reducing factor in old chrysanthemum soil previously reported in Ontario was found to inhibit growth by reducing number of internodes and internode length. A further effect was the reduction in number of flower buds. Gibberellic acid applications could offset growth reductions but enhanced reduction in floral number. Factors that could inhibit growth of wheat coleoptile sections could be extracted from chrysanthemum roots and buds. A methanolic root extract, after being subjected to paper chromatography with 80% isopropanol, slightly inhibited the growth of chrysanthemums. This inhibiting factor was in the same region of the chromatogram as the factor which inhibited the growth of wheat coleoptile sections. The response to the growth reducing factor is compared with that to naphthalene acetic acid.

Radio labelling of the gibberellin plant growth inhibitor 16,17-dihydro-GA5

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen J Beck ◽  
Bruce Twitchin ◽  
Lewis N Mander
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Wittig Reaction ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Claisen Reaction ◽  
Radio Labelling ◽  
Derivatives Of

An improved five-step procedure has been developed for the synthesis of the gibberellin plant growth inhibitor 16,17-dihydro-GA5 from gibberellic acid. The 3-13C and 3-14C derivatives of this material have also been prepared by excising C-3 from the carbon skeleton (ozonolysis of a Δ2-alkene derivative and subsequent retro-Claisen reaction) and then reassembling the A-ring by means of an intramolecular aldol reaction.Key words: gibberellin, growth inhibitor, degradation, Radio labelling, Wittig reaction.

The Mode of Action of Endosidin20 Differs from That of Other Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect

Abstract Endosidin20 (ES20) was recently identified as a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI) that targets the catalytic domain of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 6 (CESA6) and thus inhibits the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we characterized the effects of ES20 on the growth of other plant species and found that ES20 is a broad-spectrum plant growth inhibitor. We tested the inhibitory effects of previously characterized CBIs (isoxaben, indaziflam and C17) on the growth of Arabidopsis cesa6 mutants that have reduced sensitivity to ES20. We found that most of these mutants are sensitive to isoxaben, indaziflam and C17, indicating that these tested CBIs have a different mode of action than ES20. ES20 also has a synergistic inhibitory effect on plant growth when jointly applied with other CBIs, further confirming that ES20 has a different mode of action than isoxaben, indaziflam and C17. We demonstrated that plants carrying two missense mutations conferring resistance to ES20 and isoxaben can tolerate the dual inhibitory effects of these CBIs when combined. ES20 inhibits Arabidopsis growth in growth medium and in soil following direct spraying. Therefore, our results pave the way for using ES20 as a broad-spectrum herbicide, and for the use of gene-editing technologies to produce ES20-resistant crop plants.

Interaction of gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and phenolic compounds in the control of hypocotyl growth of Amaranthus caudatus seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Ray ◽  
M. M. Laloraya
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Potent Growth

Abscisic acid, a potent growth inhibitor, inhibits hypocotyl growth of Amaranthus caudatus (L.) seedlings. Phenolic compounds when applied with ABA (abscisic acid), antagonize ABA action and restore normal seeding growth. GA (gibberellic acid) promotes hypocotyl growth and on combined application with ABA, the ratio of their concentrations determines the course of the resultant growth. This interaction can be modulated by phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds in low concentrations when present together with GA and ABA favour GA-induced growth by antagonizing the inhibitory effect of ABA. Inhibitory action of abscisic acid on growth is so far known to be counteracted only by growth-promoting hormones. Antagonistic action of phenolic compounds imparts a dual role to this class of compounds, balancing the effect of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting hormones.

scholarly journals Discovery, characterization and functional improvement of kumamonamide as a novel plant growth inhibitor that disturbs plant microtubules

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ishida ◽  
Haruna Yoshimura ◽  
Masatsugu Takekawa ◽  
Takumi Higaki ◽  
Takashi Ideue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitors ◽  
Plant Microtubules ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Synthetic Intermediate

AbstractThe discovery and useful application of natural products can help improve human life. Chemicals that inhibit plant growth are broadly utilized as herbicides to control weeds. As various types of herbicides are required, the identification of compounds with novel modes of action is desirable. In the present study, we discovered a novelN-alkoxypyrrole compound, kumamonamide fromStreptomyces werraensisMK493-CF1 and established a total synthesis procedure. Resulted in the bioactivity assays, we found that kumamonamic acid, a synthetic intermediate of kumamonamide, is a potential plant growth inhibitor. Further, we developed various derivatives of kumamonamic acid, including a kumamonamic acid nonyloxy derivative (KAND), which displayed high herbicidal activity without adverse effects on HeLa cell growth. We also detected that kumamonamic acid derivatives disturb plant microtubules; and additionally, that KAND affected actin filaments and induced cell death. These multifaceted effects differ from those of known microtubule inhibitors, suggesting a novel mode of action of kumamonamic acid, which represents an important lead for the development of new herbicides.

scholarly journals Brassinolide Enhances the Level of Brassinosteroids, Protein, Pigments, and Monosaccharides in Wolffia arrhiza Treated with Brassinazole

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chmur ◽  
Andrzej Bajguz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Synthetic Inhibitor ◽  
Wolffia Arrhiza ◽  
First Time

Brassinolide (BL) represents brassinosteroids (BRs)—a group of phytohormones that are essential for plant growth and development. Brassinazole (Brz) is as a synthetic inhibitor of BRs’ biosynthesis. In the present study, the responses of Wolffia arrhiza to the treatment with BL, Brz, and the combination of BL with Brz were analyzed. The analysis of BRs and Brz was performed using LC-MS/MS. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenes, and xanthophylls) levels were determined using HPLC, but protein and monosaccharides level using spectrophotometric methods. The obtained results indicated that BL and Brz influence W. arrhiza cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. The most stimulatory effects on the growth, level of BRs (BL, 24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 28-norbrassinolide, catasterone, castasterone, 24-epicastasterone, typhasterol, and 6-deoxytyphasterol), and the content of pigments, protein, and monosaccharides, were observed in plants treated with 0.1 µM BL. Whereas the application of 1 µM and 10 µM Brz caused a significant decrease in duckweed weight and level of targeted compounds. Application of BL caused the mitigation of the Brz inhibitory effect and enhanced the BR level in duckweed treated with Brz. The level of BRs was reported for the first time in duckweed treated with BL and/or Brz.

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