scholarly journals The Viability of Fowl Spermatozoa in Dilute Suspension

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Wales ◽  
IG White
Keyword(s):  
High Dilutions ◽  
Dilute Suspension ◽  
Mental Effect

The motility of fowl spermatozoa is depressed at relatively high dilutions and the use of diluents with a high tonicity is important in helping to offset the detri� mental effect.

scholarly journals THE MOTILITY OF RAM AND BULL SPERMATOZOA IN DILUTE SUSPENSION

1953 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Dilute Suspension ◽  
Considerable Loss

1. Ram and bull spermatozoa suspended in a glucose-sodium chloride solution rapidly lose motility at relatively high dilutions. The substitution of chloride-free diluents does not alter the phenomenon. 2. The rapid immobilization of ram and bull spermatozoa due to high dilution may be partially prevented by the addition of supernatants of either ram or bull semen, although motility is not maintained at the same level as in a more concentrated specimen. Various other substances which also partially protect spermatozoa are egg albumin, plasma albumin, plasma gamma globulin, starch, and glycogen. 3. Washing ram spermatozoa six times greatly reduces motility. This is not restored by the addition of ram seminal plasma which, however, reverses the concurrent head agglutination. 4. Washing ram and bull spermatozoa four times results in considerable loss of motility and head agglutination both of which may be reversed by the addition of seminal plasma. 5. Potassium chloride at 0.005 M concentration partially restores the motility of four times washed ram spermatozoa at 24°C. or 37°C. but not that of similarly treated bull spermatozoa.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE MOTILITY OF RABBIT SPERMATOZOA IN DILUTE SUSPENSION

1948 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Emmens ◽  
G. I. M. Swyer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Concentrated Suspensions ◽  
Concentrated Suspension ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Dilute Suspension ◽  
Rabbit Spermatozoa

1. Rabbit spermatozoa suspended in Baker's solution rapidly lose motility at relatively high dilutions. At a concentration of 0.4 million per ml., the spermatozoa from most ejaculates are completely immotile within 2 or 3 hours. The same phenomenon occurs with chloride-free diluents and is therefore not due to the toxic action of chlorides. 2. This rapid immobilisation may be prevented by suspension in cell-free supernatants from other more concentrated suspensions of rabbit semen and by the accessory secretions from a vasectomised buck. The most effective supernatants are those prepared from suspensions of spermatozoa which have been left overnight before centrifuging. Immobilisation may also be prevented by many other agents, the most effective of which are gum arabic, starch, glycogen, and serum proteins (carbohydrate-containing or carbohydrate-free). Yet, in no case is the action of these substances as effective as more concentrated suspension in Baker's solution. 3. The immobilisation is not prevented by catalase, gelatin, agar, or sodium silicate. It is almost certainly not due to the toxic action of traces of heavy metals and is not affected by the use of water doubly distilled over glass in the preparation of the diluent, or by treating the diluent with activated charcoal. 4. Washing with Baker's solution does not cause immobilisation of spermatozoa suspended at 20 million per ml. at a stage at which the concentration of seminal plasma has been reduced to that equivalent to dilution to 0.4 million per ml. Further washing (six repeated centrifugings of 0.2 ml. semen in 4 ml. of Baker's solution) immobilises them. This confirms the opinion that loss of intracellular, or perhaps rather paracellular, material is a responsible agent in the dilution phenomenon.

Relative Sensitivity of Different Tests in the Detection of Low Titer Lupus Anticoagulants

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lesperance ◽  
M David ◽  
J Rauch ◽  
C Infante-Rivard ◽  
G E Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Kaolin Clotting Time

SummaryLupus anticoagulants (LA) and anticardiolipin antibodies have been strongly associated with recurrent abortion and fetal death. Because steroids have been reported to improve the fetal outcome of LA associated pregnancies, presumably by decreasing the levels of LA, it becomes desirable to have a simple and reliable test to monitor the levels of the putative antibody. To this effect, we assessed the capacity of the following coagulation tests to detect the presence of LA in serial dilutions of patient plasma with pooled normal plasma: kaolin clotting time (KCT), tissue thromboplastin inhibition test (TTIT), dilute Russell Viper venom time (DRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time with standard and high concentrations of phospholipids (SC and HCAPTT). All samples were also evaluated for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies with an ELISA. The KCT was able to detect LA at a much greater dilution in normal plasma than any of the other clotting assays. The ELISA was comparable to KCT in its ability to detect high dilutions of LA.

Determination of Plasminogen in Human Plasma by the Lysis Time Method

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 001-017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Berg ◽  
K Korsan-Bengtsen ◽  
J Ygge
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Time System ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Single Determination

SummaryA one-stage lysis time system containing fibrinogen, streptokinase, thrombin, and a known, small amount of plasminogen was used to determine plasminogen in plasma.The known amount of plasminogen was added to the system in order to keep the lysis times relatively short when a highly diluted plasma was tested. High dilutions of plasma were used to reduce the influence of the plasma inhibitors.The calculation of the plasminogen concentration was made on the basis of the correlation: “plasminogen = fibrinogen/lysis time” which was valid in the system. The method allowed determination of plasminogen in plasma with varying fibrinogen concentrations, as the fibrinogen concentration in plasma was considered in the calculation.The presence of “spontaneous” plasmin activity in the plasma did not influence the plasminogen determination. Estimated by this method, the plasminogen content in plasma from 32 blood donors aged 25-45 years was 13.1 ±2.4 casein u/ml. The error of a single determination was 0.3 casein u/ml. The plasminogen content in plasma, determined with the present method, is about 3-4 times higher than the content found when a caseinolytic method is used.

718. Renneting and the caseinate particle: a viscometric study

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Particle Aggregation ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Viscometric Study ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

A viscometric study of solutions of alkaline (sodium and potassium) caseinate was made to determine the effects of renneting with and without the addition of calcium ions. There was no real viscometric effect of these treatments at high dilutions. At a higher temperature, the viscosity increment of the solutions decreased. It was suggested that particle aggregation occurs more readily at higher temperatures, leading to a greater particle symmetry as well as causing some dehydration.

Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural Source Treated with High Dilutions of Phosphorus

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (03) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Ana Carla C. Aparicio ◽  
Larissa Helen S. de Oliveira ◽  
Jefferson S. Silva ◽  
Cideli P. Coelho ◽  
Sonia Regina Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Lake System ◽  
Solvatochromic Dyes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Methylene Violet ◽  
Solvatochromic Dye

Abstract Background Highly diluted and succussed solutions interact with solvatochromic dyes, indicating that changes in solvent and solute polarity could be related to their mechanism of action. It is not known, however, how the activity associated with succussed high dilutions is transferred to untreated water and what the limits of this process are. Aims The aims of the present study were to ascertain whether a succussed high dilution of phosphorus (1.5 × 1−59 M; Phos 30cH) seeded into a natural water source that fed a fjord and two connected lakes could propagate itself through the lake system (total volume 2200 m3) and, moreover, whether the process could be tracked using solvatochromic dyes. Methods Samples of water were collected before and after seeding, at different times and places throughout the lake system. Controls comprised water taken from an untreated and adjacent, but independent, lake (1385 m3). Results Water samples taken up to 72 hours after the source treatment produced significant increases (p ≤ 0.03) in the absorbance of the solvatochromic dye methylene violet (MV), while samples from the control lake produced no changes. Conclusions The study indicates that activity associated with Phos 30c can propagate itself through large volumes of water, causing changes throughout a whole connected lake system, and that these changes can be tracked using the solvatochromic dye MV. This in turn means the use of homeopathic medicines in large volumes of drinking water, in farming and ecological contexts, now has the potential to be assessed with physico-chemical monitoring.

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