scholarly journals The Effect of 3-Indolylacetic Acid on the Binding of Pectin Methylesterase to the Cell Walls of Tobacco Pith

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
KT Glasziou
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
A Cell

3-Indolylacetic acid (IAA) was found to promote the binding of pectin methylesterase (PME) to a cell wall fraction prepared from tobacco pith, the effect being increased by increasing concentration of IAA to a peak of activity, after which inhibition occurred.

scholarly journals Organismal view of a plant and a plant cell.

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wojtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
The Status ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Biological Organisation

Cell walls are at the basis of a structural, four-dimensional framework of plant form and growth time. Recent rapid progress of cell wall research has led to the situation where the old, long-lasting juxtaposition: "living" protoplast--"dead" cell wall, had to be dropped. Various attempts of re-interpretation cast, however, some doubts over the very nature of plant cell and the status of the walls within such a cell. Following a comparison of exocellular matrices of plants and animals, their position in relation to cells and organisms is analysed. A multitude of perspectives of the biological organisation of living beings is presented with particular attention paid to the cellular and organismal theories. Basic tenets and resulting corollaries of both theories are compared, and evolutionary and developmental implications are considered. Based on these data, "The Plant Body"--an organismal concept of plants and plant cells is described.

scholarly journals Secretion of Cryparin, a Fungal Hydrophobin

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 5431-5435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. McCabe ◽  
Neal K. Van Alfen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Secretory Vesicle ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACT Cryparin is a cell-surface-associated hydrophobin of the filamentous ascomycete Cryphonectria parasitica. This protein contains a signal peptide that directs it to the vesicle-mediated secretory pathway. We detected a glycosylated form of cryparin in a secretory vesicle fraction, but secreted forms of this protein are not glycosylated. This glycosylation occurred in the proprotein region, which is cleaved during maturation by a Kex2-like serine protease, leaving a mature form of cryparin that could be isolated from both the cell wall and culture medium. Pulse-chase labeling experiments showed that cryparin was secreted through the cell wall, without being bound, into the culture medium. The secreted protein then binds to the cell walls ofC. parasitica, where it remains. Binding of cryparin to the cell wall occurred in submerged culture, presumably because of the lectin-like properties unique to this hydrophobin. Thus, the binding of this hydrophobin to the cell wall is different from that of other hydrophobins which are reported to require a hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface for assembly.

THE EFFECT OF PENICILLIN ON THE STRUCTURE OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL CELL WALLS

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. E. Murray ◽  
W. H. Francombe ◽  
B. H. Mayall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Resistant Strains

Cultures of sensitive stains of Staphylococcus aureus were fixed with osmium tetroxide after 1–5 hours' exposure to various does of pencillin and were embedded in methacrylate for sectioning and electron microscopy. They were compared with untreated, control cultures. The contrast of the cell wall material was untreated, control cultures. The contrast of the cell wall material was increased, by cutting the section of lanthanum nitrate.The cells increased in size and the surrounding cell wall was thinner than normal. The main lesions appeared in the developing cell wall septa, which showed a loss in density and gross irregularity of shape. Some questionable inclusions were seen in the cytoplasm. Lysis was prevented in a medium containing 0.3 M sucrose and the stable spheroplasts retained a recognizable cell wall after 24 hours' exposure to penicillin. However, the septa could not be demonstrated in the cells treated in sucrose medium.Two resistant strains were exposed to penicillin. In one, the cells showed no morphological effects; in the other, there was temporary damage to the cell septa with complete recovery.The observations support the hypothesis that penicillin interferes with the synthesis of a cell wall component and indicate that the main point of cell wall synthesis is at the site of septum formation.

Experimental study on in-plane compressive response of irregular honeycombs

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1135
Author(s):  
Youming Chen ◽  
Raj Das ◽  
Mark Battley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Neighbouring Cell ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Compressive Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Foam Mechanics

Compared with regular honeycombs, irregular honeycombs are more representative of real foams, and thus more suitable for the study of foam mechanics. In this paper, the deformation and failure progression in the irregular honeycombs are investigated by analysing the images captured in order to gain an improved understanding on foam failure. Irregular honeycombs with varying cell wall thickness, cell size and cell shape were manufactured using a three-dimensional printer and tested under compression. The behaviour of irregular honeycombs is found to be different from that of regular honeycombs. In irregular honeycombs, cell walls start to fracture at some point, initially at a low speed from multiple locations. The global stress reaches its maximum value shortly after the first fracture of cell walls. Only a few cell walls buckle in the specimens with cells of irregular shape. Fracture is more likely to occur to thin and long cell walls aligned within a medium angle (around 30 to 60°) to the compressive load. However, the susceptibility of a cell wall is to fracture is also affected by its neighbouring cell walls. Strong and stiff neighbouring cell walls could shield load away and protect it from breaking. Because of this, it is better to think of a weak spot as a region, rather than an individual cell or cell wall. Overall, the more uniform cell wall size and thickness are, the better the mechanical performance of cellular solids is.

Silicification of 'cell walls’ of certain protistan flagellates

1984 ◽  
Vol 304 (1121) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Silica Deposition ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Stephanoeca Diplocostata

Silica deposition is described for two protistan flagellates, Synura petersenii (Chrysophyceae, algae) and Stephanoeca diplocostata (Choanoflagellida, Protozoa). Both taxa produce silica units intracellularly and subsequently assemble them outside the protoplast to form a ‘cell wall’. In Synura the cell wall consists of a scale case to which scales are added throughout the cell cycle. In Stephanoeca individual siliceous, costal strips are accumulated outside the protoplast and assembled into a lorica once sufficient strips have been produced. In both taxa silica is laid down within silica deposition vesicles (s.d.vs) of uncertain origin. Microtubules are involved in the orientation and support of s.d.vs during early stages of silica unit biogenesis. Detailed comparisons of silica deposition are made between Synura and Stephanoeca and between these and other silica-depositing protistans.

scholarly journals Cell-Associated Pheromone Peptide (cCF10) Production and Pheromone Inhibition in Enterococcus faecalis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (17) ◽  
pp. 4926-4933 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. (Leonard) Buttaro ◽  
M. H. Antiporta ◽  
G. M. Dunny
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Pheromone Activity ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACT In Enterococcus faecalis, the peptide cCF10 acts as a pheromone, inducing transfer of the conjugative plasmid pCF10 from plasmid-containing donor cells to plasmid-free recipient cells. In these studies, it was found that a substantial amount of cCF10 associates with the envelope of the producing cell. Pheromone activity was detected in both wall and membrane fractions, with the highest activity associated with the wall. Experiments examining the effects of protease inhibitor treatments either prior to or following cell fractionation suggested the presence of a cell envelope-associated pro-cCF10 that can be processed to mature cCF10 by a maturase or protease. A pCF10-encoded membrane protein, PrgY, was shown to prevent self-induction of donor cells by reducing the level of pheromone activity in the cell wall fraction.

scholarly journals Identification of Proteins from a Cell Wall Fraction of the DiatomThalassiosira pseudonana

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano G. Frigeri ◽  
Timothy R. Radabaugh ◽  
Paul A. Haynes ◽  
Mark Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
A Cell

The outer layer of the cell envelope of Halobacterium halobium

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Marshall ◽  
A. J. Wicken ◽  
A. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Halobacterium Halobium ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

The outer layer of the cell envelope of Halobacterium halobium was isolated after suspending the envelope in either 1 M NaCl or 0.02 M MgCl2. Chemical analysis of the isolated, solubilized outer layer showed it to consist of protein or glycoprotein with about 3% RNA. No free or bound lipid was detected. No cytochromes were present in the outer layer. Components commonly associated with bacterial cell walls were absent.Chemical composition together with the marked instability of the outer layer in a slight ion deficit are not consistent with a function of this layer as a "cell wall" of the organism.

scholarly journals The Effect of Auxins on the Binding of Pectin Methylesterase to Cell Wall Preparations

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
KT Glasziou
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

It is shown that the plant auxins 3�indolylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and a�naphthalene acetic acid are effective in binding pectin methylesterase (PME) to cell wall preparations from tobacco pith and tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke.

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