scholarly journals Responses of Avena Coleoptile Sections to High Concentrations of Auxin

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Marinos
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Solid Matter ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
High Concentrations

(i) The initial elongation rate of excised coleoptile sections is shown to increase with increasing concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA). In supra-optimal concentrations (1 X 1O-3M) this initial phase is followed by shrinkage of the sections accompanied by loss of water and solid matter; the latter is quantitatively recoverable in the solution. The respiratory rate drops rapidly while the sections elongate in 1 X 10-3M IAA.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Pasta Samples Characterized in Antioxidant Compounds and Their Biological Activity on Kidney Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Di Marco ◽  
Francesco Trevisani ◽  
Pamela Vignolini ◽  
Silvia Urciuoli ◽  
Andrea Salonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Egg Pasta

Pasta is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet and for this reason it was chosen for this study to evaluate its antioxidant properties. Three types of pasta were selected: buckwheat, rye and egg pasta. Qualitative–quantitative characterization analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD to identify antioxidant compounds. The data showed the presence of carotenoids such as lutein and polyphenols such as indoleacetic acid, (carotenoids from 0.08 to 0.16 mg/100 g, polyphenols from 3.7 to 7.4 mg/100 g). To assess the effect of the detected metabolites, in vitro experimentation was carried out on kidney cells models: HEK-293 and MDCK. Standards of β-carotene, indoleacetic acid and caffeic acid, hydroalcoholic and carotenoid-enriched extracts from samples of pasta were tested in presence of antioxidant agent to determine viability variations. β-carotene and indoleacetic acid standards exerted a protective effect on HEK-293 cells while no effect was detected on MDCK. The concentrations tested are likely in the range of those reached in body after the consumption of a standard pasta meal. Carotenoid-enriched extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts showed different effects, observing rescues for rye pasta hydroalcoholic extract and buckwheat pasta carotenoid-enriched extract, while egg pasta showed milder dose depending effects assuming pro-oxidant behavior at high concentrations. The preliminary results suggest behaviors to be traced back to the whole phytocomplexes respect to single molecules and need further investigations.

Experience Of Control Of The Initiation Of Coumarol Therapy With An Amidolytic Assay Of Factor X

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Egberg ◽  
H Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Warfarin Therapy ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Warfarin Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Most authors agree that probably any of the vitamin K dependant factors can be used for control of coumarol therapy at steady state of treatment. However, during initiation of coumarol therapy poor correlations have been found between one stage prothrombin assays and specific factor analyses (II and X) and thus the usefulness of the specific assays in the initial phase of treatment has been questioned.Purpose of study To investigate if a specific factor X analyses could be used for control of the initiation of coumarol (warfarin) therapy.Methods Thrombotest (Nyegaard AS, Oslo). Amidolytic factor X assay according to Bergström and Egberg.Patients admitted to the hospital because of venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. At present 13 patients (9 men, 4 women), age 36-81 years.Design of study Heparin therapy was started as soon as the diagnosis was assigned. Warfarin treatment was commenced on the following day. Thrombotest and factor X was determined before and daily for 6 days after coumarol therapy was started. Only the results from the factor X analyses were given to the doctor in charge of the patients for monitoring of the coumarol therapy.Results Thrombotest and factor X values generally fell in parallell except when high concentrations of heparin in the blood samples inhibited the Thrombotest method. The correlation between Thrombotest and factor X in 10 patients was good (r 0.81-0.99, mean 0.94).(Three patients were excluded for different reasons). The doctor in the ward found it as easy to monitor coumarol treatment with the factor X assay as with the Thrombotest. No bleeding or thromboembolic complications occurred.Conclusion The amidolytic factor X assay could be used for monitoring coumarol treatment in the initial phase of treatment. The absence of sensitivity to heparin was regarded an advantage to the Thrombotest method.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: V. A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF FREE ENDOGENOUS INDOLEACETIC ACID IN RUSTED AND MILDEWED CEREAL LEAVES AND THEIR ABILITY TO DECARBOXYLATE EXOGENOUSLY SUPPLIED RADIOACTIVE INDOLEACETIC ACID

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shaw ◽  
A. R. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Host Parasite

The growth substances were extracted with cold alcohol from the first leaves of uninfected, rusted (wheat), and mildewed (barley) cereal seedlings. The acid ether fractions were chromatographed on paper and the chromatograms were cut into sections which were assayed for growth promoting or inhibiting activity in the Avena coleoptile straight growth test. The estimated, free, endogenous indoleacetic acid content of uninfected leaves ranged from 0.5 to 3.2 μg. per kilogram fresh weight. In the early stages of infection this decreased, but increased again to from 5 to about 10 μg. per kilogram fresh weight by the 10th day after the inoculation of susceptible hosts. Indoleacetic acid was not detected in ungerminated uredospores of stem rust (race 15B), but two other growth promoting substances appeared to be present.Leaf disks were incubated with radioactive indoleacetic acid (as —C14OOK) and the radioactivity released as C14O2 was measured. The ability of the tissue to decarboxylate the indoleacetate (‘oxidase’ activity) increased sharply, sometimes to as much as 1000%, in the first 3 days after inoculation. With susceptible hosts, this increase was followed by an almost equally sharp decrease to less than 50% of the values for uninfected tissue. With infected, resistant tissue, the secondary decrease in ‘oxidase’ activity was delayed and less pronounced.The results are discussed and a working hypothesis suggested with respect to the relation between susceptibility or resistance and the auxin balance.

Protein synthesis and leucine uptake during fusicoccin-stimulated growth of oat coleoptile tissue

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (22) ◽  
pp. 2356-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed C. Doo ◽  
Alan W. Bown
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Leucine Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Avena coleoptile sections were incubated with or without cycloheximide (CHI) in solutions containing indoleacetic acid (IAA), fusicoccin (FC), or IAA and FC. Resulting growth, incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein, and uptake of [3H]leucine into an ethanol-soluble fraction were determined. FC-stimulated growth was greater and less sensitive to CHI treatment than IAA dependant growth which was virtually eliminated by CHI. IAA alone had little or no influence on [3H]leucine utilization, whereas FC treatment stimulated [3H]leucine incorporation into protein by 36% and uptake into the ethanol-soluble fraction by 75%. CHI inhibited the incorporation of [3H]leucine label into protein such that no significant difference was observed in radioactivity in protein from control, FC-, or IAA-treated tissue. However, CHI did not inhibit the FC-stimulated uptake of [3H]leucine into the ethanol soluble fraction. Total uptake of [3H]leucine obtained from the sum of radioactivities in the protein and ethanol-soluble fractions was stimulated by FC approximately 54% in the absence of CHI and 92% in the presence of CHI. IAA in combination with FC stimulated a further increase in leucine uptake. It is proposed that IAA and FC stimulate growth through processes which differ in their dependency on protein synthesis, and that FC-stimulated incorporation of label into protein results from FC-stimulated leucine uptake, not FC-stimulated protein synthesis.

Growth Regulator-Like Activity of Atrazine and Ametryne

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard G. Copping ◽  
D. E. Davis ◽  
C. G. P. Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
High Concentrations

Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryne) were tested for growth regulatorlike effects. In the presence of 10 μg/ml of kinetin, atrazine had no effect on the growth of callus tissue of soybean (Glycine max Merr. ‘Lee’), but ametryne at 10−14M concentration stimulated callus growth and the production of roots. High concentrations of both atrazine and ametryne inhibited the growth of excised roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller ‘Atkinson’). Ametryne, and to a lesser extent atrazine, increased percent germination of seed of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Grand Rapids’) and tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum L. ‘Sansum’) exposed to only 4 min of red light. Both atrazine and ametryne stimulated adventitious root formation by excised hypocotyls of mung beans (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) in the absence of 10 ppm of exogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) but not in its presence. A high concentration of atrazine (10−6M) in the presence of IAA decreased root initiation in comparison with the IAA-treated controls.

Assessment of Herbicide-Induced Growth Inhibition of Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
J. L. Barrentine ◽  
R. E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Several herbicides and growth substances were applied singly and in combination at varying concentrations to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Lee’]. This was an attempt to compare the growth inhibition obtained with that previously measured in the single-celled organism Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick, and to investigate the plant pathways and sites by which inhibition occurs. Inhibition induced by paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] satisfactorily supported the hypothesis inherent in a kinetic analysis of such results, whereas, that induced by atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) did not. A probit analysis of the atrazine and chloramben results indicated variability in the type of toxicity. Soybean was considerably more susceptible to 2,4-D than Chlorella pyrenoidosa but there was little difference in the type of growth inhibition response produced. Both were equally susceptible to atrazine. High concentrations of the growth regulator IAA (indoleacetic acid) were antagonistic to the growth inhibition induced by 2,4-D, while competitive inhibition occurred at the low concentration of IAA. The 2,4-D had only a slight effect on the inhibitory effect of paraquat and antagonistically interfered with that induced by atrazine.

scholarly journals The Effect of High Selenite and Selenate Concentrations on Ferric Oxyhydroxides Transformation under Alkaline Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9955
Author(s):  
Michaela Matulová ◽  
Marek Bujdoš ◽  
Marcel B. Miglierini ◽  
Martin Cesnek ◽  
Eva Duborská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Water Contaminant ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Co Precipitation

Iron-based nanomaterials have high technological impacts on various pro-environmental applications, including wastewater treatment using the co-precipitation method. The purpose of this research was to identify the changes of iron nanomaterial’s structure caused by the presence of selenium, a typical water contaminant, which might affect the removal when the iron co-precipitation method is used. Therefore, we have investigated the maturation of co-precipitated nanosized ferric oxyhydroxides under alkaline conditions and their thermal transformation into hematite in the presence of selenite and selenate with high concentrations. Since the association of selenium with precipitates surfaces has been proven to be weak, the mineralogy of the system was affected insignificantly, and the goethite was identified as an only ferric phase in all treatments. However, the morphology and the crystallinity of ferric oxyhydroxides was slightly altered. Selenium affected the structural order of precipitates, especially at the initial phase of co-precipitation. Still, the crystal integrity and homogeneity increased with time almost constantly, regardless of the treatment. The thermal transformation into well crystalized hematite was more pronounced in the presence of selenite, while selenate-treated and selenium-free samples indicated the presence of highly disordered fraction. This highlights that the aftermath of selenium release does not result in destabilization of ferric phases; however, since weak interactions of selenium are dominant at alkaline conditions with goethite’s surfaces, it still poses a high risk for the environment. The findings of this study should be applicable in waters affected by mining and metallurgical operations.

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