Protein synthesis and leucine uptake during fusicoccin-stimulated growth of oat coleoptile tissue

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (22) ◽  
pp. 2356-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed C. Doo ◽  
Alan W. Bown
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Leucine Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Avena coleoptile sections were incubated with or without cycloheximide (CHI) in solutions containing indoleacetic acid (IAA), fusicoccin (FC), or IAA and FC. Resulting growth, incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein, and uptake of [3H]leucine into an ethanol-soluble fraction were determined. FC-stimulated growth was greater and less sensitive to CHI treatment than IAA dependant growth which was virtually eliminated by CHI. IAA alone had little or no influence on [3H]leucine utilization, whereas FC treatment stimulated [3H]leucine incorporation into protein by 36% and uptake into the ethanol-soluble fraction by 75%. CHI inhibited the incorporation of [3H]leucine label into protein such that no significant difference was observed in radioactivity in protein from control, FC-, or IAA-treated tissue. However, CHI did not inhibit the FC-stimulated uptake of [3H]leucine into the ethanol soluble fraction. Total uptake of [3H]leucine obtained from the sum of radioactivities in the protein and ethanol-soluble fractions was stimulated by FC approximately 54% in the absence of CHI and 92% in the presence of CHI. IAA in combination with FC stimulated a further increase in leucine uptake. It is proposed that IAA and FC stimulate growth through processes which differ in their dependency on protein synthesis, and that FC-stimulated incorporation of label into protein results from FC-stimulated leucine uptake, not FC-stimulated protein synthesis.

Light and Prometryne Effects on Leucine Uptake and Incorporation

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Truelove ◽  
Larry R. Jones ◽  
Donald E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Leucine Uptake ◽  
Dark Exposure

The effects on leucine uptake and its incorporation into protein by cucumber (Cucumissativus L. ‘Ashley’) cotyledon tissue following treatments with 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) were determined. Prometryne decreased14C-leucine uptake both in the light and in the dark. Prometryne decreased leucine incorporation into protein only when the discs were also exposed to over 4 hr of light. Percent of absorbed leucine incorporated into protein was increased by a 4 hr exposure in the light to 10−4M prometryne following a 24-hr dark exposure to this same concentration. Similar exposure to 10~5M prometryne had no effect. Percent of leucine incorporated into protein was decreased by 10-5M prometryne following a 24 hr exposure to this same concentration in the light. However, under these conditions 10−4M prometryne had no effect. It is speculated that the increased percentage of leucine incorporated into protein may be related to increased availability of the absorbed leucine for use in protein synthesis rather than an effect of the herbicide on the rate of protein synthesis

Seasonal pattern of glycosylation in frog liver

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
S. Leoni ◽  
A. D'Alessandro ◽  
R. Conti ◽  
M. Marino ◽  
S. Spagnuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Sharp Peak ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Galactosyl Transferase

The circannual behaviour of glycosylation and protein synthesis in frog liver slices was studied following the incorporation of3H-galactose and14C-glucosamine into glycolipids and glycoproteins and3H-leucine into proteins. The activity of two enzymes the galactosyl-transferase and the N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-1-P-transferase was determined. The incorporations of both sugars into the soluble fraction and into the lipid extract present a maximum during the spring-summer period. The incorporation into the protein fraction displays a different pattern:14C-Glucosamine and3H-leucine incorporation increases from winter to a maximum in autumn; the incorporation of3H-Galactose has a sharp peak during spring. The pattern of glycosyltransferase activities is similar to the pattern of incorporation of the two saccharides into proteins, indicating these enzymes as important control points for glycosylation in Anurae.

EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Wägar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Translational Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.

Spatial localization of unknown proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum predicts functions

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jain ◽  
Hisao Nagaya ◽  
Annalyn Gilchrist ◽  
Miroslaw Cygler ◽  
John J.M. Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein Folding ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Predict Protein Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Soluble Fractions ◽  
Er Membrane

Protein synthesis, folding and degradation functions are spatially segregated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with respect to the membrane and the ribosome (rough and smooth ER). Interrogation of a proteomics resource characterizing rough and smooth ER membranes subfractionated into cytosolic, membrane, and soluble fractions gives a spatial map of known proteins involved in ER function. The spatial localization of 224 identified unknown proteins in the ER is predicted to give insight into their function. Here we provide evidence that the proteomics resource accurately predicts the function of new proteins involved in protein synthesis (nudilin), protein translocation across the ER membrane (nicalin), co-translational protein folding (stexin), and distal protein folding in the lumen of the ER (erlin-1, TMX2). Proteomics provides the spatial localization of proteins and can be used to accurately predict protein function.

Use of an in Vitro Protein Synthesizing System to Test the Mode of Action of Chloracetamides

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanne M. Deal ◽  
J. T. Reeves ◽  
B. A. Larkins ◽  
F. D. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Protein Incorporation ◽  
Vitro Protein

The effects of chloracetamides on protein synthesis were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Four chloracetamide herbicides, alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], CDAA (N–N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide), and propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) were tested for inhibition of [3H]-leucine incorporation into protein. Incorporation of3H-leucine into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble protein was inhibited in oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Victory’) seedlings grown in sand culture and treated 12 h at 1 × 10−4M with these chloracetamides. The herbicides were also tested in a cell-free protein synthesizing system containing polyribosomes purified from oat root cytoplasm. These herbicides had no effect on the rates of polypeptide elongation nor on the synthesis of specific polypeptides when herbicides (1 × 10−4M) were added directly to the system. Polypeptide formation was inhibited 89% when 1 × 10−4M cycloheximide was added during translation. Cytoplasmic polyribosomes were isolated from oat roots treated 12 h with 1 × 10−4M herbicide. Translation rates and products were not altered when these polyribosomes were added to the in vitro system. Protein synthesis is inhibited when tested in an in vivo system; however, the inhibition does not occur during the translation of mRNA into protein.

scholarly journals In vitro growth and indoleacetic acid production by Mesorhizobium loti SEMIA806 and SEMIA816 under the influence of copper ions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Dutra Vieira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Diniz Da Silva ◽  
Valdir Marcos Stefenon
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti ◽  
Significant Difference

The indoleacetic acid produced by symbiotic bacteria is an important phytohormone signaling microbe-plant interaction, being therefore essential for rhizoremediation. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of copper ions on the bacterial growth and indoleacetic acid production was investigated in two strains of Mesorhizobium loti in in vitro conditions, aiming to determine critical concentrations of this heavy metal for rhizoremediation of contaminated soils using this bacterium. The experiment consisted on a control culture without copper and three treatments supplemented with 10 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1 or 50 mg.L-1 of CuSO4. For both strains, the growth stopped after 48h and no significant difference was observed across treatments. The production of indoleacetic acid by the control treatment without copper was significantly higher in comparison to the copper- containing treatments. Mesorhizobium loti SEMIA806 and SEMIA816 are resistant to up to 50 mg.L-1 of CuSO4 in the culture medium, presenting effective growth. The synthesis of indoleacetic acid was strongly reduced but not excluded by ions copper in the medium. So, it is expected that environmental copper found in the soil up to the concentration of 50 mg.L-1 will not preclude the symbiotic interaction between M. loti and leguminous host plant in rhizoremediation enterprises.

Abstract 15161: Adiponectin Exerts a Protective Role Against Vascular Remodeling During Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal M Ghantous ◽  
Sarah Hanache ◽  
Firas Kobaissy ◽  
Asad Zeidan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Mechanical Stretch ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Rat Portal Vein ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Orientation ◽  
Ros Formation

Introduction: Hypertension is associated with leptin production and ROS formation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and contributes to vascular remodeling. Adiponectin (ADQ) has a cardioprotective role on the heart, but the protective role of ADQ on VSMC during hypertension has not been fully elucidated yet. Hypothesis: Mechanical stretch/hypertension is associated with a low ADQ/leptin ratio in VSMC, leading to VSMC remodeling. Methods: To mimic hypertension, the rat portal vein was cultured either mechanically stretched with 1.2 gram weights (due to the force-length relationship normalized to the human force of stretch during hypertension and the longitudinal orientation of its VSMC) or left unstretched. ADQ, leptin, eNOS, p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT expression in VSMC was evaluated by Western blot. The protective effect of adiponectin (5-10 μg/ml; 15 min-24 hr) was investigated on ROS formation by DHE staining and on hypertrophy by protein synthesis via [ 3 H]leucine incorporation. Results: Mechanical stretch for 24 hr reduced the expression of ADQ in VSMC (0.49 ± 0.08 fold, n=6, p<0.05) and increased leptin (2.51 ± 0.39 fold, n=6, p<0.05) compared to controls. Stretch (24 hr) decreased ADQ mRNA expression by 0.31 ± 0.11 fold (n=7, p<0.05) and ADQ receptor R2 by 0.51 ± 0.21 fold (n=7, p<0.05) but had no effect on ADQ receptor R1 (n=8). This effect of stretch was associated with increased protein synthesis by 1.39 ± 0.06 fold (n=6, p<0.05), while exogenous ADQ significantly inhibited stretch-induced hypertrophy (n=6, p<0.05). Stretch (15 min) increased p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT by 2.10 ± 0.25 and 4.03 ± 0.61 fold respectively (n=5, p<0.05), but ADQ reduced p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT by 0.82 ± 0.26 and 0.55 ± 0.25 fold respectively (n=3, p<0.05) in stretched vessels. eNOS expression decreased by 0.70 ± 0.06 fold (n=5, p<0.05) after stretch for 24 hr, while ADQ increased eNOS in stretched veins by 2.02 ± 0.41 fold (n=3, p<0.05). Stretch for 1 hr increased ROS by 5.69 ± 0.13 fold (n=3, p<0.05), whereas ADQ significantly inhibited ROS in stretched vessels (1.71 ± 0.22 fold, n=3). Conclusion: Mechanical stretch reduces the ADQ/leptin ratio in VSMC. ADQ plays a protective role against vascular remodeling during hypertension by affecting eNOS, ERK, AKT, ROS and hypertrophy.

Fractionation of Rubber

1941 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Bloomfield ◽  
Ernest Harold Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fractional Dissolution ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Abstract Latex rubber which has been purified to the point at which it contains an insignificant amount of nitrogen can be separated by fractional dissolution in a mixture of petroleum and acetone into a series of hydrocarbon fractions of decreasing solubility and increasing molecular magnitude. All these fractions except the highest are soluble in petroleum and in benzene. Crepe rubber, on the other hand, appears invariably to contain a small, most-soluble fraction of oxygenated rubber, and a small similar quite insoluble fraction of material of high molecular weight. Between these extremes the rubber can be divided into fractions of increasing molecular weight, although, up to the present, about 70 per cent of the total rubber has appeared in a single fraction. It may be possible later, by judicious choice of another pair of solvents, to resolve this major fraction into a series of subfractions. Kemp and Peters refer to the effect of polar nonsolvents in reducing the viscosity of rubber solutions and also in assisting to bring gel rubber into solution, phenomena to which the polar molecules conceivably contribute by countering the forces of association between the rubber molecules. The present series of fractionations was conducted throughout in the presence of a polar nonsolvent (acetone), and hence may be considered to approach towards a separation of true rubber molecules as distinct from molecular aggregates. It is found, however, that, whereas the more soluble fractions of acetone-extracted crepe rubber contain small proportions of nitrogen, the least soluble fractions contain substantial proportions. Any effect which the nitrogenous material may have in assisting to link together hydrocarbon molecules to which it is attached, i. e., in contributing to the high-molecular condition of a portion of natural rubber, remains at present uncertain in character. The fractions of rubber, and especially the higher ones, show a strong tendency to become insoluble when they have once been freed from the last traces of solvent. It seems doubtful whether the decreased solubility is due to oxygen as it would require to be effective at exceedingly low concentrations.

scholarly journals Stimulation of vascular protein synthesis by activation of oestrogen receptor beta

2001 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Liang ◽  
E Ekblad ◽  
JA Gustafsson ◽  
BO Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Genistein Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oestrogen receptor (ER) beta activation on vascular protein synthesis and protein expression. Nuclear immunoreactivity towards ER beta was observed abundantly in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells of mouse aorta. No ER alpha-positive cell nuclei were observed. In aorta from ovariectomized mice, treatment with the selective ER beta agonist genistein (100 nM) for 24 h increased [(3)H]leucine incorporation by about 30%. This effect was prevented by the ER blocker ICI 182780 (10 microM). Although genistein treatment stimulated protein synthesis, it caused no change in total protein determined either by the Lowry method on tissue homogenate or by densitometric scanning of protein bands (10-220 kDa) separated by SDS-PAGE. Separation of [(35)S]methionine-labelled proteins by SDS-PAGE did not reveal the protein(s) stimulated by genistein. DNA synthesis was not affected by 100 nM genistein, suggesting that genistein-induced stimulation of protein synthesis is not part of a growth response. Protein expression, determined by SDS-PAGE, was similar in aorta from ER beta-knockout and wild-type mice, suggesting that expression of vascular proteins does not depend solely on a functional ER beta gene. We suggest that activation of vascular ER beta stimulates synthesis of proteins and that this response is not associated with vascular growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document