A glasshouse evaluation of sulfur fertilizer sources for crops and pastures. II. A comparison of sulfur coated triple superphosphates and gypsum

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
M Dana ◽  
R Lefroy
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
The World ◽  
Bonding Method ◽  
Clover Pasture

In many parts of the world it has become more economical to use triple superphosphate (TSP) rather than single superphosphate (SSP) as a pasture fertilizer where only P deficiency exists. Coating TSP with elemental S is an attractive alternative to SSP for situations where P and S deficiency exists. A pot experiment was conducted on an S deficient Aquic Haplustalf soil to compare the ability of gypsum (G) and S coated TSP to supply S to a ryegrass/white clover pasture over 14 repeated harvests over a 96 week period. The adhesives used to coat S to TSP were UNE1, UNE3, UNE2 and a commercial product (HF). The reverse dilution 35S technique was used to calculate fertilizer S uptake. Total yields were highest with G and UNE1. Total fertilizer S recovery by the pasture was 64.4% for G and 52.3% and 52.9% for UNEl and UNE3 respectively. These amounts were significantly higher than from UNE2 or HF. The time course of fertilizer S release varied between products and shows that bonding method can affect S availability from S coated TSP products.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of water or citrate soluble phosphorus in modified phosphate rocks for soybean

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽  
José Francisco da Cunha ◽  
Ariel Francisco Candiotti Ventimiglia
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Standard Source ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

Ten P fertilizers were collected (commercial fertilizers) or synthesized (experimental sources) in order to obtain single superphosphates varying in water and citrate solubility. A standard source of P was also produced by crystallization of the water-soluble fraction of a triple superphosphate. Eleven P sources were band applied to a medium textured Xanthic Hapludox, in Bahia, Brazil (low content of resin-extractable P) at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O (neutral ammonium citrate plus water) soluble P2O5, with soybean as the crop which was grown to maturity. A check plot (control) was included in the study. Three of the P sources [single superphosphate produced from Araxa phosphate rock (PR), low-grade single superphosphate produced from Lagamar PR and the standard source of P] were also applied at rates to provide 40 and 120 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O soluble P2O5. Yield of soybean was evaluated by analysis of variance with mean comparison performed utilizing LSD lines, considering the P sources applied at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + control. Regression procedures were used to study the relation between yield of soybean and rates of P2O5. The fertilizers tested performed equally well as a source of P for soybean. The level of water-soluble P did not influence fertilizer performance.

Effect of fertiliser phosphorus and nitrogen on the concentrations of oil and protein in grain and the grain yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Testing

The effect of fertiliser phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) on seed (grain) yield and concentration of oil and protein in grain of canola (oil-seed rape; Brassica napus L.) was measured in two field experiments undertaken at eight sites from 1993–2005 in south-western Australia, on soils deficient in P and N. Six rates of P (0–40 kg P/ha as single superphosphate) and four rates of N (0–138 kg N/ha as urea) were applied. Significant grain yield increases (responses) to applied P occurred in both experiments and these responses increased as rates of applied N increased. For grain production, the P × N interaction was significant in all eight years and locations of the two experiments. Application of P had no effect on concentration of oil and protein in grain. Application of N always decreased the concentration of oil and increased the concentration of protein in grain. For canola grain production in the region, responses to applied N always occur whereas responses to applied P are rare, but if soil P testing indicates likely P deficiency, both P and N fertiliser need to be applied.

Comparing different sources of sulfur for high-rainfall pastures insouth-western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
J. S. Yeates ◽  
M. F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Different Sources

The dry herbage yield increase (response) of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-based pasture (>85% clover) to applications of different sources of sulfur (S) was compared in 7 field experiments on very sandy soils in the > 650 mm annual average rainfall areas of south-western Australia where S deficiency of clover is common when pastures grow rapidly during spring (August–November). The sources compared were single superphosphate, finely grained and coarsely grained gypsum from deposits in south-western Australia, and elemental S. All sources were broadcast (topdressed) once only onto each plot, 3 weeks after pasture emerged at the start of the first growing season. In each subsequent year, fresh fertiliser-S as single superphosphate was applied 3 weeks after pasture emerged to nil-S plots previously not treated with S since the start of the experiment. This was to determine the residual value of sources applied at the start of the experiment in each subsequent year relative to superphosphate freshly-applied in each subsequent year. In addition, superphosphate was also applied 6, 12 and 16 weeks after emergence of pasture in each year, using nil-S plots not previously treated with S since the start of the experiment. Pasture responses to applied S are usually larger after mid-August, so applying S later may match plant demand increasing the effectiveness of S for pasture production and may also reduce leaching losses of the applied S.At the same site, yield increases to applied S varied greatly, from 0 to 300%, at different harvests in the same or different years. These variations in yield responses to applied S are attributed to the net effect of mineralisation of different amounts of S from soil organic matter, dissolution of S from fertilisers, and different amounts of leaching losses of S from soil by rainfall. Within each year at each site, yield increases were mostly larger in spring (September–November) than in autumn (June–August). In the year of application, single superphosphate was equally or more effective than the other sources. In years when large responses to S occurred, applying single superphosphate later in the year was more effective than applying single superphosphate 3 weeks after pasture emerged (standard practice), so within each year the most recently applied single superphosphate treatment was the most effective S source. All sources generally had negligible residual value, so S needed to be applied each year to ensure S deficiency did not reduce pasture production.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Group Bias During Natural Viewing

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 3380-3389
Author(s):  
Timothy J Andrews ◽  
Ryan K Smith ◽  
Richard L Hoggart ◽  
Philip I N Ulrich ◽  
Andre D Gouws
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Individuals from different social groups interpret the world in different ways. This study explores the neural basis of these group differences using a paradigm that simulates natural viewing conditions. Our aim was to determine if group differences could be found in sensory regions involved in the perception of the world or were evident in higher-level regions that are important for the interpretation of sensory information. We measured brain responses from 2 groups of football supporters, while they watched a video of matches between their teams. The time-course of response was then compared between individuals supporting the same (within-group) or the different (between-group) team. We found high intersubject correlations in low-level and high-level regions of the visual brain. However, these regions of the brain did not show any group differences. Regions that showed higher correlations for individuals from the same group were found in a network of frontal and subcortical brain regions. The interplay between these regions suggests a range of cognitive processes from motor control to social cognition and reward are important in the establishment of social groups. These results suggest that group differences are primarily reflected in regions involved in the evaluation and interpretation of the sensory input.

From Tent Meetings and Store-front Healing Rooms to Walmarts and the Internet: Healing Spaces in the United States, the Americas, and the World, 1906–2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candy Gunther Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Spiritual Healing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
The World

The centennial of the Azusa Street revivals of 1906 provides us with convenient poles for charting shifts in the landscape of Christian spiritual healing practices during the past century. Alongside unprecedented achievements in medical science, nearly 80 percent of Americans report believing that God supernaturally heals people in answer to prayer. Individuals who need healing, even after trying the best medical cures, readily transgress ecclesiastical, physical, and social boundaries in their quest for health and wholeness. The promise of a tangible experience of divine power, moreover, presents an attractive alternative to seekers disillusioned with what they perceive as the callous materialism of medical science and the religious legalism of traditional Christian churches. This essay calls for new narratives of sacred space that map the ways that pentecostal and charismatic healing practices have proliferated, diversified, and sacralized a growing number and variety of physical, social, and linguistic spaces in the past hundred years. At the turn of the twentieth century, modernist epistemological assumptions that privileged reason over experience encouraged fine intellectual distinctions between the sacred and the secular. In esteeming bodily experience as more trustworthy than disembodied doctrine and in resisting linguistic binaries as culturally constructed, postmodern epistemologies have multiplied the number and range of places available to be endowed with sacred meanings. I argue that boundaries between the sacred and the secular are dissolving at the same time that new boundaries are being established, privileging particular places and defining a new relationship among the United States, the Americas, and the world.

Assessment of the phosphorus status of oilseed rape by plant analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton ◽  
K Spencer ◽  
AG Govaars
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Critical P Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
P Supply

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in young plants of rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. Wesway) were related to seed and oil yields to develop a tissue test for the diagnosis of P deficiency. Critical P concentrations were defined as those concentrations required to sustain 90% of maximum yield. In 2 field experiments in successive seasons on a P-deficient soil, rates of triple superphosphate from 2.5 to 120 kg/ha were banded with the seed. The lowest P concentration in young shoots (17-19 weeks from sowing) associated with a P supply that was adequate for plant growth was approximately 0.31%. The youngest fully-expanded leaf was a reliable plant part to sample, its P concentration being about 0.05% lower than the concentration of the whole shoot. Critical P concentrations in young plants for sustaining 90% of maximum seed and oil yields were higher, namely 0.33 and 0.28% for whole shoots and youngest fully-expanded leaves respectively. The critical P concentration in seeds was about 0.35%.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE TIME COURSE TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh T. Ngo ◽  
Marc S. Rendell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Time Course ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
The World ◽  
Google Search

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan in China throughout the world has been alarmingly rapid. Epidemiologic techniques succeeded in containing the disease in China, but efforts were not as successful in the rest of the world, particularly the United States where there have been 2,079,592 confirmed cases with 115,484 deaths as of June 15, 2020. Projections are for continued new infections and deaths if no effective treatments can be activated over the next six months. We performed a systematic review to determine the potential time course for development of treatments and vaccines focusing on availability in the last half of 2020.MethodsPublicationsOur search was performed during the week of June 15, 2020 We reviewed up to date information from several sources to identify potential treatments for COVID-19: We used the Reagan-Udall Expanded Access Navigator COVID-19 Treatment Hub to track the efforts of companies to develop treatments. We then used the results to search for publications identified treatments on pubmed.gov and on medRxiv, the preprint server. We further used a targeted Google search to find announcements of trial results.Clinical TrialsWe searched for all investigational trials begun in the first quarter of 2020, with cut off on April 1, using several different sources: (A) covid-trials.org, then validated results on (B) clinicaltrials.gov and the (C) World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP). We focused on trials which were completed or currently recruiting for patients, reasoning that the timeline to arrive at treatments by the end of the year would require completion within the next 6 months. We excluded studies which were clearly observational, with no randomization, control or comparison group. We further set a cutoff of 100 for numbers of subjects since smaller trial size could lack statistical power to establish superiority of the intervention over the control condition.ResultsPublished DataWe found 43 publications reporting findings on 1 classes of agents. There were 12 publications related to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ),11 on tocilizumab, 4 publications related to remdesivir, four on lopanovir/ritonavir (LPV/R), four on interferons, two on favipiravir, two on convalescent plasma, one on meplazumab, one on corticosteroids, one on famotidine, and one on ivermectin. Of these, only 16 were randomized or active control studies; the rest were retrospective observational. Only two publications dealt with outpatient care, the rest all in hospitalized patients.Clinical TrialsWe found 409 trials meeting our minimum requirement of 100 subjects which were recruiting or completed. The WHO has launched the Solidarity megatrial performed in over 100 countries actively comparing HCQ, lopanovir/ritonavir (LPV/R) alone and in combination with interferon beta-1, and remdesivir. That trial is scheduled to complete enrollment in the first quarter of 2021. In addition, we found 46 trials of HCQ, 11 trials of LPV/R and 8 trials of interferons. There were 18 ongoing trials of antiviral agents, 24 immune modulator trials, 9 vaccine trials, and 62 trials of other agents. We excluded a large number of trials of Chinese traditional medications, reasoning that there was insufficient clinical experience with these agents outside China to offer these treatments to the rest of the world. Forty four trials were hoping to complete enrollment by the end of the second quarter of 2020. Of these, only 9 were conducted on outpatients. A few vaccine trials are hoping to complete Phase 3 enrollment by the end of the third quarter, but a prolonged follow-up of patients will likely be required.ConclusionRemdesivir and tocilizumab have now been granted emergency authorization in many countries for treatment of hospitalized patients. However, the disease is propagated primarily by infected ambulatory individuals. There are only a few randomized controlled studies in outpatients which can be expected to yield results in time to impact on the continuing spread of the epidemic in 2020. It will be necessary for public health authorities to make hard decisions with limited data. The choices will be hardest in dealing with potential early release of vaccines.

Time Course of Ovum Transport in Guinea Pigs**Supported by the World Health Organization.

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Maia ◽  
Luisa A. Salinas ◽  
Emilio Fernandez ◽  
Carl J. Pauerstein
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Time Course ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ovum Transport ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Almohadilla Desechable Biodegradable a ser usada en un Pañal Ecológico

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Pozos Vázquez ◽  
Patricia Blanco Padilla ◽  
Martha Ofelia Mercado González ◽  
Gustavo Abraham Velez Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
Disposable Diapers

The disposition of urban solid waste is a major problem around the world today due to the large amount of spaces it occupies and the negative effects it has on the environment. These effects include pollution, most especially when it comes in contact with terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. One of the solid wastes that are generated in large quantities is the baby diapers. This, however, is because of its high demand for use. Plastics with which conventional disposable diapers are made can take many years to degrade. An attractive alternative to reduce its contaminating effect involves the use of reusable diapers in which the absorbent is not discarded. Nevertheless, one of the major disadvantages is that it requires a lot of washing after its use. Thus, it is time-consuming as the diapers have to be washed with water and detergents. This paper focuses on an attractive alternative of a new 100% biodegradable absorbent which was produced. This alternative can be disposed without having any significant impact on the environment. Through this way, there is a promotion of the idea of using an ecological diaper with a disposable absorbent (insert) made from natural and biodegradable materials with which it would avoid exposing babies to the chemical components of conventional disposable diapers. In addition, costs are minimized since the diaper is not completely discarded; thus, only the absorbent is removed.

Seed reserve dependency of Leucaena leucocephala seedling growth for nitrogen and phosphorus

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Slot ◽  
Danielle T. Palow ◽  
Kaoru Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Seed Reserves

Mineral elements stored in seed reserves meet the nutrient demands of seedlings during their initial development and growth. We experimentally examined when seed reserves become insufficient to meet demands for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, a tropical woody legume. Seedlings were grown from seeds with four nutrient treatments: receiving all nutrients; all nutrients except N, all nutrients except P or deionised water. Growth curves were compared to quantify the time course of the onset of N and P deficiency during 8 weeks. N deficiency became significant for leaf area and biomass growth after 11 and 16 days, respectively, whereas P deficiency became significant after 31 days for both leaf area and biomass growth. Thus, seed reserves alone could support the P demands of seedlings for more than twice as long as N demands. As nutrient deficiency developed, seedlings adjusted increased relative biomass allocation to roots, diluted organ N and P concentrations but conserved 100% of the initial nutrient pool derived from the seed.

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