Effect of rotation and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium on nitrogen fixation and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., cv. Virginia Bunch)

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Peoples ◽  
MJ Bell ◽  
HVA Bushby
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rotational Systems ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The effect of different rotational systems on symbiotic N2 fixation by, and yield of, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Virginia Bunch) was determined over two growing seasons in southern Queensland. Estimates of N2fixation were obtained with the 15N natural abundance procedure by using a non-nodulating peanut genotype as a non-N2-fixing reference plant. Three rotational treatments were compared in both years. Crops were rainfed and dependent solely upon indigenous rhizobia for nodulation in the first season, but in the second, supplementary irrigation was supplied and portions of the trial were inoculated with three different rhizobial strains. Dry matter, crop N and pod yield were greatest in both years following a period of grass ley and lowest in a continuous peanut system. However, the proportion of the crop N derived from N2 fixation (PN2) was the same across all rotational and inoculation treatments, despite pre-sowing differences in the levels of soil nitrate and numbers of native rhizobia, and despite seasonal differences in the amounts of N mineralized. Proportions and amounts of N2 fixed were lower (22-31% and 32-57 kg N/ha, respectively) during the first year than under the better moisture conditions and lower concentrations of soil nitrate that prevailed in following season (44-48s and 82-120 kg N/ha). A greater proportion of fixed N was located in the pods and kernels (PN2 62-70%) than in the supporting shoot (PN2 13-21%) in the second year. When estimates of N2 fixation were compared with N removal in the pods at harvest, the net N balance suggested that soil N reserves had been depleted by 27-37 kg N/ha as a result of that season's peanut cropping.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Benefit of Herbicides Used for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
N. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) and at two locations (Jay, FL, and Headland, AL) to identify the most effective herbicide program for Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) D.C.] control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The most common herbicides used for Florida beggarweed control—including preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST) and late-postemergence (LPOST) applied treatments—were evaluated in a factorial treatment arrangement. All treatments had merit and could be assembled into programs that resulted in maximum weed control, crop yield, and net returns. However, at least two of the four treatment timings were required to reach this level. Four systems were consistently associated with the maximum statistical grouping for both yield and net returns, as well as acceptable Florida beggarweed control (> 81%). These systems were (a) paraquat + bentazon applied EPOST, followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; (b) same as (a) only preceded by norflurazon applied PRE; (c) imazapic applied EPOST followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; and (d) norflurazon applied PRE, followed by imazapic EPOST.

Heritability and Correlation for Nitrogen (N2) Fixation and Related Traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1956-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sikinarum . ◽  
P. Jaisil . ◽  
S. Jogloy . ◽  
B. Toomsan . ◽  
T. Kesmala . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Glyphosate plus Dicamba Combinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Field studies were conducted in south and the High Plains of Texas as well as in southwestern Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to evaluate the effects of glyphosate plus dicamba combinations (1/16 X to 1 X of the 1.68 kg ae ha-1 rate) applied 30, 60, and 90 days after planting (DAP) on Spanish (Oklahoma) and runner (Texas) peanut.  Rates were established to evaluate sub-labeled drift and direct application of a 1 X rate.  Peanut stunting and death were more prevalent at the 30 and 60 DAP application while peanut were more tolerant of the 90 DAP application.  In south Texas, peanut yields were reduced in both years when rates of ¼ X or greater were applied 30 and 90 DAP while rates of 1/8 X or greater reduced yield when applied 60 DAP.  At the High Plains location, peanut yields were consistently reduced with rates of ½ X or greater applied 30 and 90 DAP and ¼ X or greater applied 60 DAP.  In Oklahoma, peanut yield were consistently reduced with rates of ¼ X or greater applied 30 and 60 DAP and 1/16 X or greater when applied 90 DAP.  Peanut grade was more affected by the 60 and 90 DAP application than the 30 DAP application.  

scholarly journals Combination of Disease Resistance, Drought Tolerance, and Dollar Value among Runner and Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars in Georgia.

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
S. M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

ABSTRACT With increasing production cost, southeast U.S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growers are continually seeking to lower inputs to enhance economical return and sustainability of their farming operation. Utilization of peanut cultivars with the best combination of disease resistance, drought tolerance, and greatest dollar value return would be beneficial. Fifteen peanut cultivars were evaluated for 5-years (2011–15) and seventeen cultivars were evaluated for 4-years (2012–15) with minimum inputs and without irrigation at two locations in Georgia. Each year, minimum inputs for disease control included only three fungicide sprays at recommended rates on a 28 d schedule beginning 37 d after planting. No insecticide, nematocides, miticides, or irrigation were applied during the growing seasons each year. ‘Georgia-06G', ‘Georgia-12Y', ‘Georgia-13M', ‘Georgia-14N', and Florida-EP ‘113’ had the lowest TSWV and total disease incidence (disease resistance) among the ten runner-type cultivars for both Georgia locations; whereas, ‘Bailey', ‘Georgia-08V', and ‘Georgia-11J' had the least disease incidence among the five virginia-type cultivars. Similarly, Georgia-13M, Georgia-06G, and Georgia-12Y had the greatest gross dollar value return per hectare (drought tolerance) among the runner-types; whereas, Georgia-08V and Georgia-11J had the greatest dollar values per hectare among the virginia-type cultivars at both Georgia locations in this four and five-year study, respectively.

scholarly journals Plant Population and Irrigation Effects on Spanish Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Chin Choy ◽  
J. F. Stone ◽  
R. S. Matlock ◽  
G. N. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Response Equation ◽  
Irrigation Effects

Abstract Both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions were imposed on various populations for three years using the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar Argentine. Row spacings were 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 m. Within-row plant spacings ranged between 2 and 27 plants/m. The dependent variables of yield (kg/ha and g/plant), other kernels (%) and net return ($/ha) were fitted with a surface response equation Y = β1 + β2X1 + β3X12+ β4X2 + β5X22+ β6X1X2, with X1 spacing between rows and X2 spacing between plants within the row. This model fitted all dependent variables very well for both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Resulting interpolation of the data using the above equation indicated that the 0.25 m row spacing gave the highest yield of unshelled peanuts for both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Approximately 15 plants/m was the optimal plant spacing (in all row spacings) for maximum yield and quality. Integrating yield and quality in terms of net returns, the 0.25 m row spacing was optimal for production of Argentine peanuts. Computations based on the above equation and evaluated at constant population density (plants/ha) showed yield was still increased to the narrowest row spacing in the study. Subsequently, row spacing vs. yield studies with Starr and Comet cultivars were conducted over seven growing seasons at a spacing in the row of about 10 plants/m. Row spacing varied from 0.15 to 1 m. In every year, the narrow spacings outyielded the wider spacings.

Effect of Drought Stress on Traits Related to N2 Fixation in Eleven Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes Differing in Degrees of Resistance to Drought

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumran Pimratch ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Banyong Toomsan ◽  
Thawan Kesmala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE CACAHUATE (Arachis hypogaea L.) UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES DOSIS DE GIBERELINA.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. García Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Objetivo: Evaluar la germinación de cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.) mediante el uso de diferentes dosis de ácido giberélico (GA3). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos con 20 repeticiones. Tratamiento 1: 0.05gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 2: 0.10gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 3: 0.15gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3) y Tratamiento 0: Testigo. Se utilizaron semillas de cacahuate de la variedad Virginia. Los parámetros a evaluar fueron, la altura de plántula, número de hojas, medida de raíz y biomasa.  Las medias fueron comparadas por la prueba de Tukey a un nivel del 5% de confianza. Resultados: Los tratamientos indicaron que el Tratamiento 0 (Testigo) obtuvo un porcentaje de germinación de 85%, siendo mayor que el tratamiento 3 (0.15gr/L de GA3) con un 75% de germinación, sin embargo, el tratamiento 1 (0.05gr/L de GA3) y 2 (0.10gr/L de GA3) presentaron una mejor respuesta al obtener un 95% de germinación cada uno. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El tratamiento 3 causa efectos negativos en la germinación de la planta. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Es necesario dar seguimiento a la investigación para un mejor control del ambiente y ampliar las dosis de GA3, así como aumentar la velocidad de germinación aplicando 0.15gr/L de GA3.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document