Cultivar and environmental effects on quality characters in wheat. II. Protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Panozzo ◽  
H. A. Eagles
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Dough Development Time

Glutenins and gliadins are the major components of the storage protein in wheat and make a significant contribution to dough rheology and baking quality. Qualitative differences in these proteins are known to be important for dough rheology, particularly for glutenins, but much less is known about quantitative differences, especially as influenced by field environment. Flour protein, the proportion of glutenin and gliadin in flour protein, loaf volume, and the dough rheological characters dough development time, dough breakdown, dough extensibility, and maximum dough resistance (Rmax) were determined for 7 cultivars grown in 15 diverse environments. The proportion of glutenin in flour protein was highly dependent on cultivar, whereas, although cultivar was still important, environmental variation was greater than cultivar variation for gliadin. Environmental variation was greater than cultivar variation for the dough rheological characters. Across environments, the proportion of gliadin increased with increasing flour protein, whereas the proportion of glutenin decreased. An index of accumulated temperatures above 30˚C during the first 14 days after anthesis explained a significant proportion of the increase in gliadin, and, to a lesser extent, the decrease in glutenin. Increasing Rmax and dough development time, and more rapid dough breakdown, were also associated with this index. The rate of increase of Rmax with the temperature index was greater for cultivars with the Glu-D1a allele than those with the Glu-D1d allele, suggesting that the relative performance of cultivars with different alleles at this locus depends on environment.

Effect of Nut Paste Enrichment on Wheat Dough Rheology and Bread Volume

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gómez ◽  
B. Oliete ◽  
P.A. Caballero ◽  
F. Ronda ◽  
C.A. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Wheat Dough ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Viscoelastic Characteristics ◽  
Dough Development Time

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of nuts (almond, hazelnut, peanut, walnut) enrichment (5, 10 and 15%) on the rheological properties of dough using alveograph, consistograph and rheofermentometer measurements. The loaf volume (LV) of bread added nut paste was also determined. The increase in nut percentage increases the dough viscoelastic characteristics (tenacity, extensibility, and strength) and mixing time, but decreased the dough consistency and tolerance, and the CO2 production during fermentation. Loaf volume increased when 5 and 10% of nut paste are added. Dough added walnut paste presented the lowest tenacity, strength and water absorption values, but the highest values in dough development time, tolerance and stability. Dough added almond, hazelnut and peanut paste had a similar behavior during mixing and handling.

STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING BAKING QUALITY OF WHEAT CULTIVARS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. ORTH ◽  
R. J. BAKER ◽  
W. BUSHUK
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Glutenin Protein ◽  
Dough Development Time ◽  
Sedimentation Value

Simple correlations between a number of quality parameters, their heritabilities and an evaluation of the best combination of these parameters to predict loaf volume, were determined from data for 26 cultivars of spring wheat grown at four locations in Western Canada. Highly significant correlations between remix loaf volume and each of Zeleny sedimentation value, farinograph dough development time, farinograph mixing tolerance index, proportion of residue protein, and glutenin protein were obtained. Sedimentation value, 1000 kernel weight, mixing tolerance index, flour yield, farinograph absorption, and remix loaf volume all had high heritabilities over the four locations. Using the simple correlations as a guide, regression formulae yielding the best predictions of remix loaf volume were developed. Residue protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, and farinograph dough development time provided the most useful information for predicting baking quality by a single test.

scholarly journals Experiences of an automatic small-scale 'home bakery' in test bakings of six spring wheat varieties

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen ◽  
Hannu Salovaara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Dough Development Time ◽  
The Relationship

Four units of an automatic small-scale 'home bakery' (Panasonic SD-BT2P, Japan) were tested for their suitability for rapid and simplified test baking. The results indicated that the four baking machines used produced loaves equal in volume. Loaf volume increased with increasing values of protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, and with farinograph dough development time and stability values. Varietal differences in the relationship between quality and loaf volume were detected.

Effect of geographic location of growth on wheat milling yield, farinograph properties, flour protein and residue protein

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
RA Orth
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Dough Development Time ◽  
Milling Yield

The relationship between farinograph dough breakdown and the proportion of flour protein insoluble in 0 . 0 5M acetic acid (residue protein) was investigated for a number of wheats each grown at six locations in the Mallee and Wimmera regions of Victoria. At each location a highly significant correlation was obtained (R ranging from 0.84 to 0.93), which indicated that the 'residue test' could be used as a selection tool in wheat-breeding programs. Regressions of flour milling yield, flour protein content, farinograph water absorption, dough development time and dough breakdown, and the proportion of residue protein were calculated for each parameter for the wheats grown at Dooen against those for wheats grown at each other location. Variables largely dependent on protein 'quality', viz. dough breakdown, dough development time and residue protein, ranked the wheats similarly at each location of growth. Rankings according to milling yield, farinograph water absorption and flour protein content differed more markedly between locations.

EARLY GENERATION SCREENING FOR BAKING POTENTIAL

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. KOSMOLAK ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Flour Protein

Early generation screening tests for bread wheat quality, including flour protein and various mixograph measurements, and final evaluation measurements, including Remix Loaf Volume and Baking Strength Index, were obtained for 250 samples of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in various locations in 1974. Multiple regression analysis was used to study the relationships between prediction tests and final tests and to develop rules for predicting Remix Loaf Volume and Baking Strength Index. A linear function of flour protein content and mixograph development time was found to be most suitable for predicting Remix Loaf Volume while consideration of the relative magnitudes of these two characteristics was best for predicting Baking Strength Index. The rules developed from an analysis of the 1974 data were tested by applying them to data from 328 samples grown in 1975.

Genetic and environmental variation for grain quality traits routinely evaluated in southern Australian wheat breeding programs

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
G. J. Hollamby ◽  
R. F. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Dough Development Time ◽  
Milling Yield

Milling yield, maximum dough resistance (Rmax), dough extensibility, flour protein concentration (flour protein), particle size index (PSI), water absorption, and dough development time are important determinants of grain quality and are routinely evaluated in Australian wheat breeding programs. Information on allelic variation at the 6 loci determining glutenin proteins is also regularly obtained and used to predict Rmax and extensibility. For each character, except dough development time, 4029 observations on 2377 lines and 94 environments were analysed to estimate genotypic and environmental variances, heritabilities, genotypic and environmental correlations, and the effects of glutenin genes. A subset was analysed for dough development time. Milling yield, Rmax, extensibility, PSI, water absorption, and dough development time had intra-class correlation coefficients, or broad-sense heritabilities, between 0.66 and 0.76, and extensibility had a value of 0.52, with flour protein at 0.36. Genotypic and environmental correlations between extensibility and flour protein were high at +0.78 and +0.85, respectively. Rmax had a genotypic correlation with dough development time of +0.67, which was substantially due to pleiotropic effects of glutenin genes. Rmax, extensibility, PSI, and dough development time were influenced by glutenin genes. For Rmax about 50% of the genotypic variance could be explained by glutenin genes. For extensibility about 50% could be explained by flour protein, with 50% of the remainder by the inclusion of glutenin genes. For dough development time about 15% could be explained by flour protein, with a further 30% by glutenin genes. For PSI, about 40% of the genotypic variation could be accounted for by glutenin genes after the removal of the effects of flour protein and milling yield. We concluded that dough development time could be added to Rmax and extensibility as a trait that can be usefully predicted by the glutenin genes, but more work is required for PSI.

scholarly journals Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) steep liquor as a leavening agent: Effect on dough rheology and sensory properties of bread

2015 ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saad ◽  
Ragab Elmassry ◽  
Khaled Wahdan ◽  
Fawzy Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baked Products ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Dough Development Time

Dough fermentation is one of the oldest process in food technologies. It has been recently intensively studied for its impact on the sensory, structural, nutritional and shelf life properties of leavened baked products. The goals of this work were to investigate chickpea steep liquor (CSL) as a dough-leavening agent and to study the effect of CSL on the dough rheology and sensory properties of leavened bread. CSL was prepared by submerging chickpea seeds in boiled distilled water (1:2, w/v) for 24 h at 37?C, and then obtained liquor was filtered and freeze-dried to obtain CSL. The addition of CSL to wheat flour (WF) brought changes in the dough mixing behavior as measured by the farinograph. An increase in the farinograph water absorption of WF dough was observed when 4.5% CSL and 1.5% yeast was added, while arrival time was not affected. Addition of CSL to the dough at a content of 4.5, 9.0 and 13.5 g CSL/300 g WF caused an increase in dough stability. The CSL addition also increased mechanical tolerance index, dough weakening and mixing time. Dough development time for all blends was higher than the control (1.2-1.5 min), while between the CSL samples no significant difference was observed. The loaf weight slightly increased from 146.2 g for control to 152.2 g for CSL fermented bread, whereas the loaf volume and specific volume of CSL-fermented bread were lower than the control. The combination of yeast and CSL increased the acceptability of bread with the increasing level of both leavening agents?. The results show that CSL could be used as an alternative to yeast for syngas fermentation. On the other hand, CLS is rich in nutrients and lower in cost compared to yeast.

scholarly journals Potential of bran from various wheat variety for cookies production

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Lauková ◽  
Jolana Karovičová ◽  
Zlatica Kohajdová ◽  
Mária Babulicová ◽  
Ľubomír Rückschloss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Spread Ratio ◽  
Dough Development Time

Abstract The effect of replacing wheat flour with different kinds of wheat bran and spelt bran at level 5, 10 and 15 % on dough rheology, qualitative parameters of cookies as well as on sensory properties was studied. Addition of bran increased water absorption and mixing tolerance index, prolonged dough development time and decreased dough stability. It was also observed that incorporation of wheat bran modified qualitative parameters of cookies (volume, specific volume, spread ratio and porosity decreased). From the sensory evaluation resulted that higher amounts of wheat bran negatively affected taste, hardness and overall acceptability of cookies. Addition of bran up to 5 % resulted in cookies with high overall acceptability.

MILLING AND BAKING QUALITY OF RESCUE-CADET RECIPROCAL SUBSTITUTION LINES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. KOSMOLAK ◽  
HUGH McKENZIE ◽  
RUBY I. LARSON
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Substitution ◽  
Grinding Time

Reciprocal disomic whole-chromosome substitution lines between the hard red spring wheat cultivars Cadet and Rescue were developed to investigate the effect of specific chromosomes on milling and baking quality. Quality measurements of the parents and reciprocal substitution lines on grain from randomized field trials for each of 3 yr were used to analyze aspects of the impact of specific chromosome substitutions on farinograph absorption, mixograph development time, flour protein content, flour yield, remix loaf volume and grinding time. Substitution of Rescue chromosomes of homoeologous groups 4 and 7 into Cadet had no effect on quality. Substitution of the corresponding Cadet chromosomes into Rescue had a major effect. Reciprocal chromosome effects in the direction of the donor parent were most striking for mixograph development time with chromosome 1A, farinograph absorption with 2A and 6B and grinding time with 1A, 1B and 6D. Transgressive reciprocal interaction in the direction of the recipient parent was observed for flour yield with chromosome 1A. Multiple effects of substituting chromosome 7A and 7D of Cadet into Rescue may be related to percentage of flour protein. These and other effects of chromosome substitution are reported and interpreted.

Revision of the estimates of glutenin gene effects at the Glu-B1 locus from southern Australian wheat breeding programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
R. F. Eastwood ◽  
G. J. Hollamby ◽  
E. M. Martin ◽  
G. B. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Intermediate Allele ◽  
Dough Extensibility ◽  
Dough Development Time

Glutenins are the major determinant of dough characteristics in wheat. These proteins are determined by genes at 6 loci, with multiple alleles present in southern Australian breeding programs. Previously, we estimated the effects of these genes on maximum dough resistance (Rmax), dough extensibility and dough development time. Subsequently, the allele previously classified as Glu-B1b was found to consist of 2 alleles, with one, now considered to be Glu-B1al, producing an overexpression of the Bx7 glutenin subunit. Therefore, there is a potential bias in our previous estimates. An extended dataset was analysed with the 2 alleles now separated. These analyses identified negligible biases in our previous estimates, probably due to a low frequency of Glu-B1al before 1999. However, Glu-B1al produced significantly higher Rmax, dough extensibility, and dough development time values than all other alleles at the Glu-B1 locus. Therefore, at intermediate allele frequencies, substantial bias in estimates of the effects of the Glu-B1 alleles can be expected without correct identification of Glu-B1al.

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