Influence of host diet on the concentrations of fatty acids in rumen bacteria from cattle

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC O'Kelly ◽  
WG Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monoenoic Acid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Brahman Steers

This study compared the effects of supplements (300 mL/day) of safflower oil (SO) on the long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) content and composition of rumen liquid-associated (LAB) and solid-associated bacteria (SAB) in two experiments: (1) Hereford steers fed lucerne hay (6 kg/day) and (2) Brahman steers fed low-quality hay (4 kg/day). Experiment 1: SO increased the concentrations of mono-unsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) in bacteria without altering the concentrations of saturated acids (SFA). The concentrations of all classes of LCFA except PUFA were higher in SAB than in LAB. Variation in phospholidpid (PL) composition of bacteria in response to SO included lowered proportions of branched-chain (brFA) and odd-numbered acids. In steers fed hay alone, the neutral lipids (NL) of all bacteria consisted predominantly of SFA (90%). With SO supplement, SFA constituted 60% and trans-11 monoenoic acid 31% of NL. There were significant differences between LAB and SAB in the proportions of individual acids in PL and NL. Experiment 2: SO increased the concentrations of all classes of LCFA except brFA which were decreased. SO treatment decreased the proportions of all acids in NL, except 18: 0, 18 : 1 trans-1 1 and 18 : 2, which were increased. The results have demonstrated that the fatty acid content and composition of mixed rumen bacteria is dependent upon their nutrient supply.

scholarly journals Les lipides des différentes catégories de pépins de Cabernet Sauvignon au moment de la véraison

OENO One ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
J. J. Lavaud ◽  
Monique Cherrad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Acides Gras ◽  
The Difference

<p style="text-align: justify;">Cinq catégories de pépins de Cabernet Sauvignon ont été séparées à la véraison. Plus de 95 p. 100 des acides gras sont contenus dans les lipides neutres. La différence de composition en acides gras des lipides polaires montre que la localisation des pépins dans une seule loge ou dans deux loges séparées a pour conséquence une modification du fonctionnement des désaturases.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Five categories of Cabernet Sauvignon seeds were separated at the beginning of ripening. The neutral lipids contain more than 95 per cent of the fatty acids. The difference in the fatty acid content of polar lipids shows that seeds localized in just one section or in two separate sections results in a modification of the « desaturase » functioning.</p>

scholarly journals Total, Neutral, and Polar Lipids of Brewing Ingredients, By-Products and Beer: Evaluation of Antithrombotic Activities

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Lordan ◽  
Eoin O’Keeffe ◽  
Alexandros Tsoupras ◽  
Ioannis Zabetakis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
By Products

The in vitro antithrombotic properties of polar lipid constituents of malted grain (MG), pelleted hops (PH), brewer’s spent grain (BSG), spent hops (SH), wort, and bottled beer from the same production line were assessed in human platelets. The total lipids (TL) were extracted according to the Bligh and Dyer method and further separated into the total neutral lipids (TNL) and total polar lipids (TPL) extracts by counter-current distribution. The TL, TNL, and TPL extracts of all samples were assessed for their ability to inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF) and thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation. The raw materials, by-products, wort, and beer lipid extracts all exhibited antithrombotic properties against PAF and thrombin. However, the beer TPL exhibited the lowest IC50 values against PAF-induced (7.8 ± 3.9 µg) and thrombin-induced (4.3 ± 3.0 µg) platelet aggregation indicating that these polar lipids were the most antithrombotic. The lipid extracts tended to be more bioactive against the thrombin pathway. The fatty acid content of all the TPL extracts were assessed using GC-MS. The fatty acid composition of the most bioactive TPL extracts, the wort and the beer, shared similar fatty acid profiles. Indeed, it was noted that fermentation seems to play a role in increasing the antithrombotic properties of polar lipids against PAF and thrombin by moderately altering the polar lipid fatty acid composition. Furthermore, the use of brewing by-products as a source of functional cardioprotective lipids warrants further investigation and valorisation.

scholarly journals Natural Variation in Seed Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Content Is Controlled by a New Isoform of KCS18 in Arabidopsis thaliana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e49261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jasinski ◽  
Alain Lécureuil ◽  
Martine Miquel ◽  
Olivier Loudet ◽  
Sylvain Raffaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Effect of substrate on fatty acid production in Nocardia asteroides

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Farshtchi ◽  
N. M. McClung
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
Branched Chain

Cellular fatty acids of the six Nocardia asteroides strains grown on glucose, glucose and amino acids, glycerol, and Dubos oleic albumin complex were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Cells grown on each medium contained saturated, unsaturated, and branched-chain fatty acids. The fatty acids consisted of normal saturated C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, and C18; monoenoic C16 and C18; branched-chain C14, C15, and 10-methyl C18. Composition of the media affected cellular fatty acid content of N. asteroides strains qualitatively and quantitatively. Five of the six strains closely resembled each other, but one strain appeared to be different. The fatty acid pattern of Nocardia may be a useful criterion in differentiation of this genus from the closely related Mycobacterium and Streptomyces, which have a different fatty acid composition.

The fatty acid composition of solid- and liquid-associated rumen bacteria isolated from cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 30-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Lee ◽  
M.B. Chang ◽  
N.D. Scollan ◽  
R.J. Merry ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Taxonomy

The distinctive (phospholipid or total) fatty acid profiles of the major classes of micro-organism have been used in microbial taxonomy as well as to act as microbial markers in soils. Our studies seek to identify the potential of this approach in rumen studies. One of the main distinctions is between solid- and liquid-associated bacteria (SAB and LAB) in the rumen, though it is not clear what relative contributions these make to microbial yield from the rumen. The objective of this work was to determine whether SAB and LAB have distinctive fatty acid profiles and if differences are affected by dietary fat supplementation.

scholarly journals Alteration of Rumen Bacteria and Protozoa Through Grazing Regime as a Tool to Enhance the Bioactive Fatty Acid Content of Bovine Milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Bainbridge ◽  
Laurel K. Saldinger ◽  
John W. Barlow ◽  
Juan P. Alvez ◽  
Joe Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Rumen Bacteria

Changes in adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis during the development of immunity to this nematode in rats: 2. Total lipids and neutral lipids

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Form Part

SUMMARYThe total lipids and the amount of neutral lipids of male and female N. brasiliensis, from 7-day and 15-day infections, have been studied quantitatively. There is an increase in total lipids from 10·9 ± 2 to 15·5 ± 2 % in females and an increase from 8·4 ± 1 to 14·6 ± 2 % in males. In both sexes there is a rise in cholesterol and trigylceride content and a fall in free fatty acid content. These changes are discussed with reference to the development of immunity of the host to this nematode.I wish to thank Mrs B. Fisher, Mr A. W. Pearson and Mr N. Sykes for assistance during this work. These results form part of a programme of work supported by the A.R.C. while I was at the Molteno Institute, University of Cambridge, and continued at the Houghton Poultry Research Station. I wish to thank Dr P. Tate for accommodation at the Molteno Institute during the early part of this work.

scholarly journals Occurrence of long-chain fatty acids and glycolipids in the cell-envelope fractions of baker's yeast

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nurminen ◽  
H. Suomalainen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Total Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Long Chain

1. The total yield of fatty acids from the whole envelopes was markedly higher than that obtained from the ordinary cell walls. In both samples the major fatty acids were C16 and C18 acids. 2. The whole envelopes contained C18 acids and long-chain (C19–C26) fatty acids, in a higher proportion than did the ordinary cell walls. Fifteen fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms were identified, among which 2-hydroxy-C26:0 and C26:0 acids predominated. 3. A complex sphingolipid containing inositol, phosphorus and mannose was isolated from the whole cell envelopes. The main fatty acids of this lipid were 2-hydroxy-C26:0 and C26:0 acids. It was concluded that this sphingolipid is present both in the ordinary cell wall and in the plasma membrane of baker's yeast. 4. The neutral lipids amounted to over 50% and the glycerophosphatides to about 30% of the total fatty acid content of the whole envelope. The major fatty acids in these lipids were C16:1, C18:1 and C16:0 acids. The proportion of fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms was lowest in the neutral lipids, whereas the neutral glycolipids contained the highest percentage of these fatty acids. Acidic glycolipids amounted to 14% of the total fatty acid content of the whole envelope. The presence of a cerebroside sulphate in this lipid fraction was demonstrated, whereas the high content of 2-hydroxy-C26:0 acid found is caused by the complex inositol- and mannose-containing sphingolipid.

Inheritance of long chain fatty acid content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren Coonrod ◽  
Mark A. Brick ◽  
Patrick F. Byrne ◽  
Lorin DeBonte ◽  
Zhizheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Long Chain
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