Prediction of weather damage of mungbean seed in tropical Australia. II. Model application

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Yeates ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
S. W. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Weather Damage

To demonstrate a model to simulate the risk of weather damage of mungbean, application studies were undertaken using 27 years of climatic data collected at Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. In terms of the risk of weather damage, the transition from high risk to low risk occurred after mid-February but before 20 March. High quality seed could be expected in 70% of seasons for a crop that matured after 20 March. For planting dates prior to 25 January, the chance of producing premium quality seed was enhanced to 40–70% of seasons by sowing a cultivar that matured 2 weeks later and by harvesting promptly (4 days after maturity). There was no benefit from later maturity or harvest promptness where sowing was made after 25 January, because maturity occurred after the wet season was complete. In contrast, yield was optimised at early January sowing dates. Calculating gross margins by combining yield and weather damage simulations identified an optimum sowing date between the optimum for yield and seed quality. It was shown that later maturity combined with photoperiod sensitivity increased the sowing window from 10 to 29 days compared with a short duration variety that was insensitive to photoperiod. The relative merits of modelling and field experimentation in assessing the cropping potential for mungbean in a new region are discussed. The need to be able to simulate the yield of the second flush of flowers was acknowledged as a future research requirement.

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

Effect of planting dates and recommended insecticides application on Earias insulana (Boisd.) and its associated predators in cotton field in Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hemat Z. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Earias Insulana ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Spiny Bollworm

Abstract Cotton crops are an important agricultural product in Egypt. However, the bollworm Earias insulana is a significant pest of cotton. Field experiment was carried out during the 2018 and 2019 seasons at Qaha Experimental Station, Qalyoubia governorate to determine the best dates for sowing cotton crops, to minimize E. insulana infestation and maintain high populations of the predators of spiny bollworm. The latest sowing date had a significantly lower infestation of squares, flowers and green bolls than the other two sowing dates. After spraying the three planting date plots with profenofos, lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl insecticides, infestation of cotton bolls by spiny bollworm was significantly reduced in treated compared with untreated plots. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.829* and 0.827*) was found between the average temperature and E. insulana infestation of squares and flowers, respectively, for the first planting date and (r = 0.819*) in squares for the second planting date of untreated plots of season 2018. The explained variance percentages of multiple regression analysis showed that the effects of mean temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the third sowing date had a significantly lower infestation of squares, flowers and green bolls by spiny bollworm as compared to the first and second sowing dates. The populations of common natural enemies of E. insulana on cotton plants, i.e., Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinella undecimpunctata and spiders were counted during the two seasons. The correlation between the RH percentage and populations of the three predators was insignificantly positive during the 2018 season, while it was negatively or positively insignificant during the 2019 season. The correlation between the mean temperature and the populations of the three predators was insignificantly negative for C. carnea and positive for spiders during the 2018 season, whereas a positive correlation was found between temperature and C. carnea and spiders and a negative correlation between temperature and C. undecimpunctata during the 2019 season.

scholarly journals Yield and Physical and Physiological Quality of Salvia hispanica L. Seeds Grown at Different Sowing Dates

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Raquel Stefanello ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Physiological Tests

Variations in the sowing date of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) reflect directly on the physiological potential of the produced seeds. This study aimed to analyze the yield and the physical and physiological quality of seeds from the main stem and branches of Salvia hispanica plants grown at different sowing dates. A field experiment was conducted in the crop year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (16/09/22, 16/10/28, 17/01/03, 17/02/08 and 17/03/24) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Harvest at each sowing date was done when 80% of the leaves of each plant exhibited a darker color, indicating that they were dry. Seed yield was determined in each plant compartment (main stem and branches) and final ear length (cm) and diameter (cm) were also measured at all sowing dates. The following physical and physiological tests were performed to determine seed quality: water content, mass of one thousand seeds, germination test, first count germination, length (root and hypocotyl) and dry matter of the seedlings. Chia can be sown from September to February providing seed yield with high physical and physiological quality. The physical and physiological quality of the chia seeds does not differ between main stem and branches. In late sowing, there is the risk of frost occurrence what may impair the physiological quality and the yield of chia seeds. The best sowing month for obtaining higher yield of chia seeds in a south subtropical region is January.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilzation and planting dates on growth, flower yield and methoxalen conceration in Calendula officinalis L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
N. Kh. Abdl Alazez ◽  
R. M. Moter ◽  
A. Z. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

Study was conducted in Botanical Garden, Biology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, sowing dates were (1/10 / 2000) and ( 1/11/2000), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50) Kg N/ ha. as urea (46% N) and three levels of Phosphorus fertilizer (0, 25, 50) kg p2O5/ ha. as triple super phosphate (48 - 52 )% P2O5 and their interactions upon growth, flower yield and methoxalen concentration of (Calendula officnialis L. Var lemon queen). All treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three repilications. Methoxalen was sperated and massuaard with HPLC. The results can be summarized: the first sowing date was significantly superior than the second sowing date in number of branches / leaf area dcm2, number of inflorescence/ plant, flower yield, fresh and dry weight and concentration of methoxalen. Nitrogen and phosphorus treatment were significantly increased in these parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing dates on the populations of three major insect pests and associated natural enemies throughout the growth stages of maize plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3 - Ahead of print) ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Hamdy H. Mahmoud ◽  
Soheir F. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Magda H. Naroz ◽  
Sayeda S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Sesamia Cretica ◽  
Maize Plants

In Egypt, maize is an important crop that is attacked by various pests. In the present study, the effect of maize planting dates on the populations of insect pests and their natural enemies were investigated throughout the growth stages of maize plants. The maize planting dates were at the beginning of May, Jun, and July in the 2019 season and were repeated in the 2020 season. Samples were collected weekly to determine the populations of the insect pests, Limothrips cerealium (Haliday, 1836), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), and Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 and their natural predators. For the first sowing date, the infestation percentage of L. cerealium and S. cretica were most substantial, especially in the seedling and precorn formation stages. For the third sowing date, the number of R. maidis was most substantial, especially in the corn formation stage. Three predators were associated with these insect species; of these predators, Coccinella undecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777), and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) were observed at the highest numbers during all sowing dates. A highly significant correlation existed between populations of S. interruptus and the three insects across the two seasons. Data suggest that the percentage of thrips, aphids, and stem borers infestations can be minimized by planting maize varieties in June.

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Dates and Nitrogen Levels on Popula-tion of Okra Jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Rajendra Regmi ◽  
Sujata Poudel ◽  
Ram Chandra Regmi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Damage Score ◽  
Amrasca Biguttula Biguttula ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Sowing Dates

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench) is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Nepal. The crop is susceptible to various insect pests of which jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida.) is most predominant which reduces production and deteriorates seed quality of okra. A field study was conducted at Horticulture Farm, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to elucidate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen levels on the population and damage of jassids from April to September 2018. Three levels of nitrogen (100, 200 and 300 kg N ha-1) and five sowing dates (8th April, 20th April, 2nd May, 14th May and 26th May, 2018) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that the highest damage score was recorded in okra which was sown on 8th April (2.39) followed by 20th April (2.31) and 2nd May (1.26). The highest damage score of jassids was obtained with the use of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 (1.94) followed by 300 kg/ha (1.72) and 100 kg ha-1 (1.54). Mean population of jassids was maximum with okra sown on 20th April (29.91) and minimum with okra sown on 26th May (6.95). This study showed that late planting i.e. 26th May and applying low level of nitrogen i.e. 100 kg N ha- 1is an effective approach for reducing the jassids population and its damage in okra.

Prediction of weather damage of mungbean seed in tropical Australia. I. Relation between seed quality, weather, and reproductive development

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Yeates ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
S. W. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Australian Monsoon ◽  
Cumulative Duration ◽  
Weather Damage

Assessment of the potential for mungbean cropping in the Australian monsoon tropics required a model that could predict pre-harvest seed quality from long-term climatic data. Empirical relations between seed quality and pre-harvest weather were developed from field-grown mungbean using 22 sowings over 3 seasons. Seed quality reflected visual symptoms of weather damage expressed as the percentage of undamaged seed. A minimum exposure to rainfall was required before seed quality was reduced. After this minimum was exceeded, the effect of additional rainfall was cumulative and the percentage of unweathered seed decreased proportionally until a maximum was reached whereby all susceptible seed was weather damaged. The percentage of unweathered seed was best predicted as a function of the cumulative duration of rainfall events. Exposure to at least 300 min of rainfall was required before seed quality was downgraded. Exposure to 4000 min of rainfall was required to reach the maximum threshold. The linear decline in the percentage of unweathered seed was accurately predicted with independent data (r2 = 0.84) by a function that combined the cumulative duration of rainfall and the standard deviation of evaporation. This function reflected the weathering process, that is, cumulative exposure to moisture and the extent of drying of the atmosphere between rainfall events. Alternatively, where pluviograph data were unavailable, combining the sum of rainfall events (>0.5mm) with the standard deviation of evaporation and mean daily solar radiation was also highly correlated with the proportion of unweathered seed; accurate predictions were made using independent data during crop ripening (r2 = 0.93) and after ripening (r2 = 0.72). Weather damage was sensitive to the timing of reproductive development relative to rainfall; adjusting climate variables for cohort-specific exposure removed the confounding effects caused by the daily ripening of pods. Time to flowering was accurately predicted, 2–3 days from observed, using mean daily photoperiod and temperature. As expected, rate of progress from flowering to the first ripe pod and crop maturity was dependent on photoperiod, temperature, and moisture availability. The proportion of pods ripe on any day was highly (P < 0.01) correlated with the proportion of the pod-ripening phase completed.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genotype, Environment, and Management Interactions on Fava Beans under Mediterranean Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami ◽  
Antonella Lavini ◽  
Davide Calandrelli ◽  
Giuseppe De Mastro ◽  
Cataldo Pulvento
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Total Seed

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.), also known as fava beans, like other crops, are influenced by several factors: their genotype, environment, and management, as well as the interaction between these, have an important impact on seed yielding and seed quality traits. This study was conducted at three locations in South Italy between 2017 and 2019 to evaluate the sowing date effect on yield and yield components of three Vicia faba L., originating from cool climates. The results showed that seed yield (SY) and yield components declined with sowing delay. The crop’s environment (year × site) and management (sowing date) were found to explain 34.01% and 42.95% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. The data showed that the tested genotypes were positively influenced by the environment with sandy loam soil and early winter sowing date, resulting in either a greater number of SY and THS than in the other environment. The three faba bean genotypes showed tolerance to winter frost conditions in the two growing seasons.

Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. I. Understanding phenological constraints to adaptation and yield potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, in terms of both breeding and agronomy, has been informed and influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding of the environmental control of phenology. This first paper describes how initial attempts to grow soybean in eastern Australia, using varieties and production practices from the southern USA, met with limited success due to large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were large variety × location, variety × sowing date, and variety × sowing date × density effects. These various interaction effects were ultimately explained in terms of the effects of photo-thermal environment on the phenology of different varieties, and the consequences for radiation interception, dry matter production, harvest index, and seed yield. This knowledge enabled the formulation of agronomic practices to optimise sowing date and planting arrangement to suit particular varieties, and underpinned the establishment of commercial production in south-eastern Queensland in the early 1970s. It also influenced the establishment and operation over the next three decades of several separate breeding programs, each targeting phenological adaptation to specific latitudinal regions of eastern Australia. This paper also describes how physiological developments internationally, particularly the discovery of the long juvenile trait and to a lesser extent the semi-dwarf ideotype, subsequently enabled an approach to be conceived for broadening the phenological adaptation of soybeans across latitudes and sowing dates. The application of this approach, and its outcomes in terms of varietal improvement, agronomic management, and the structure of the breeding program, are described in the companion paper.

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