Relationships between wheat varieties on the basis of grain yield for South Australian farms

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
DG Pederson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Measure Of Association

In South Australia there were 116 receival sites for wheat grown on farms in the 1984-85 and 1985-86 seasons. The amounts received were recorded according to variety, and in this study an analysis was carried out of the yields of the top 15 varieties for the two seasons.Distribution maps were produced for two of the varieties to demonstrate how the distribution of a variety can be related to environmental factors. A measure of association was calculated for each pair of varieties and graphical representations of the inter-varietal distances were obtained from principal coordinates analyses. Examples were given of closely associated varieties for which the probable link was tolerance to boron toxicity, for one pair of varieties, and resistance to cereal cyst nematode, for a second pair of varieties.

Population estimates of cereal cyst nematode and response of wheat to granular nematicides

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM King ◽  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Plant Assays

Response of vegetative growth and grain yield of wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Condor to the control of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae by nematicides applied with the seed, in the drill row was assessed in twenty field trials. These trials were conducted in 1978 on three soil types near Coonalpyn, South Australia. Aldicarb was used at all sites and fosthietan and terbufos at four sites. Significant grain yield increases to aldicarb were obtained at 12 sites while yields were increased by the three nematicides at three sites. Numbers of eggs of H. avenae were determined in soil taken in January 1978, and these counts showed that all sites were infested over the range 0.03-8.5 eggs/g soil. Plant assays of the soils assessed the reduction in the length of seminal root axes (range 0-45%) and the severity of the root knotting caused by H. avenae. The egg densities in the soil, reduction in the length of the seminal root axes and disease ratings in the plant assay were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.75; P< 0.001 to 0.91, P< 0.001). These variables were not significantly correlated with grain yield increase due to aldicarb on the two major wheat soils studied, although a correlation, explaining 32-42% of the increase, existed when all sites were considered. A mathematical model based on cropping history and an estimated annual hatch of eggs of H. avenae failed to show a relation between these variables and the yield increase from nematicide. H. avenae caused severe disease and yield loss on calcareous loams and red duplex soils but had only minimal effects at the sites on siliceous sands.

Influence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat yields in South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
DG Whitehead ◽  
RL Correll
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

Effects of cultivation on Rhizoctonia root rot, cereal cyst nematode, common root rot and yield of wheat in the Victorian Mallee

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFde Boer ◽  
JF Kollmorgen ◽  
BJ Macauley ◽  
PR Franz ◽  
Boer RF De
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Direct Drilling

The effects of method, time and number of cultivations on root diseases and yield of wheat were studied in a field experiment, in 1985, on a calcareous sandy loam in the Victorian Mallee. The incidence and severity of rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) were higher in direct-drilled wheat than in wheat sown after cultivation. Compared with direct drilling, the severity of rhizoctonia root rot in seedlings was reduced by 40% with cultivation 20 weeks before sowing; by 70% with cultivation 1 day before sowing; and by 90% with 2 cultivations, the first at 16 weeks and the second 1 day before sowing. Cultivation generally increased the incidence of common root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) but had no significant effects on the severity of damage by the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) or the number of nematode cysts produced, compared with direct drilling. The incidence and severity of root diseases, and the number of H. avenae cysts produced, were not significantly different in wheat sown after rotary hoeing than in wheat sown after scarifying. The severity of damage by H. avenae, the number of nematode cysts and the incidence of common root rot were higher (45, 70 and 36%, respectively) when scarifying was done 1 day before sowing, compared with scarifying 20 weeks earlier. Differences in sowing depth probably caused this effect since seed was sown deeper (as indicated by subcrown internode lengths) and plant emergence was less in the latter treatment. The timing and number of cultivations with a rotary hoe, however, did not significantly affect the severity of damage by H. avenae, the number of nematode cysts or the incidence of common root rot. The incidence of common root rot was correlated (r = 0.71) with the subcrown internode lengths, indicating that the deeper the seed was sown the greater the proportion of plants with the disease. Dry weight of seedlings and grain yield were negatively correlated (r = -0.79 and -0.66) with the severity of damage caused by H. avenae. Plant dry weight and grain yield were, however, not correlated with the severity of rhizoctonia root rot or the incidence of common root rot.

Chemical control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in the Victorian Mallee

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Brown ◽  
JW Meagher ◽  
NK McSwain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Carry Over

The nematicides Temik (2, methyl 2 (methylthio) propionaldehyde 0-(methylcarbamol) oxime), Lannate (S methyl N-((methylcarbamoyl) oxy) thioacetimidate), ethylene dibromide, and dibromochloropropane were tested for control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) in field experiments with wheat in the 1968-69 season at Sea Lake, Victoria. All chemical treatments significantly reduced white cyst production, and four of the treatments increased grain yield, and reduced nematode carry-over. Temik broadcast at 11 kg a.i. per hectare provided the best nematode control and more than trebled grain yield. Lannate (13 kg a.i. per hectare) was almost as effective. Dibromochloropropane was an effective nematicide, but at 65 1 per hectare was phytotoxic.

Chemical control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in Victoria. A comparison of systemic and contact nematicides

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Carry Over

The nematicides Temik (2, methyl 2 (methylthio) propionaldehyde 0-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), Lannate (S methyl N-((methylcarbamoyl) oxy) thioacetimidate), Nemafos (0, 0-diethyl 0-2 pyrazinyl phosphorothioate), Nemacur P (ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropyl phosphoramidate), Mocap (0-ethyl S, S-dipropyl phosphorothioate), and Vydate (S-methyl l-(dimethylcarbam0~1)-N-((methylcarbamoyl) oxy) thioformidate) were tested for control of the cereal cyst nematode (Hekrodera avenae Woll.) in field experiments with wheat in the seasons 1969-70 to 1971-72 at Sea Lake, Victoria. All chemical treatments significantly reduced white cyst production and nematode carry-over in each of the three seasons. In 1969 the plots were severely damaged by field mice, and in 1970 unfavourable seasonal conditions prevented large increases in grain yield from being obtained, although significant yield increases were obtained in 1971. Temik (9 kg a.i. ha-1) and Vydate (2 kg a.i. ha-1) provided excellent nematode control and gave the best grain yield increases (880 kg ha-1). Plants from plots treated with Temik at the higher rate (9 kg a.i. ha-1) were cyst-free in each experiment, and hlocap used at the same rate was severely phytotoxic. In a resowing experiment, all 1969 chemical treatments significantly reduced white cyst production and lowered nematode carry-over in 1971, although only four of the treatments provided significant increases in grain yield viz (Temik 9 at 2 kg a.i. ha-1 with added sulphate of ammonia, and Nemafos and Mocap both at 9 kg a i ha-1). Grain from plots treated with Temik and Lannate at the higher rate (9 kg a.i. ha-1) was analysed for the presence of chemical residues. No Lannate residues were detected, and Temik residues were less than 0.1 p.p.m

Henry Robert Wallace 1924 - 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Allen Kerr ◽  
Kerrie Davies ◽  
Graham Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Rothamsted Experimental Station ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
The University

Harry Wallace was born in Lancashire, England on 12 September 1924 and died at Murray Bridge, South Australia on 26 July 2011. He had a distinguished career, as a scientist at the University of Cambridge, Rothamsted Experimental Station and CSIRO's Division of Horticulture, and as Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Adelaide. He was internationally recognised for his pioneering work on the movement of nematodes and for his work on the interactions between nematodes, the environment and the plant. He made a major contribution to Australian agriculture by providing a blueprint for research needed to understand cereal cyst nematode, which was a major pest that significantly reduced yield. The blueprint led to efficient methods of disease control.

The effects of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) and Rhizoctonia solani on the growth and yield of wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
RH Brown ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Pathogens

Field trials in a sandy mallee soil in Victoria have shown that large increases (up to 323%) in grain yield are obtained by soil fumigation or the application of nematicides. Development of the plants was enhanced by control of soil-borne root pathogens. The occurrence of both cereal cyst nematode (H. avenae) and Rhizoctonia solani in patches of poor wheat in a field trial in South Australia indicate a possible association between these two pathogens. Glasshouse studies showed that the effects of H. avenae and R. solani on wheat were greater when both pathogens were together than with each individually.

scholarly journals Date of ear emergence: a factor for notable changing the grain yield of modern winter wheat varieties in different environments of Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
N. Tsenov ◽  
T. Gubatov ◽  
I. Yanchev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Emergence Date ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract. Wheat is a crop with a very long growing season, during which it is subjected to prolonged exposure to many environmental factors. For this reason, the interaction of genotype with conditions is very common for any character of wheat. This study aims to determine whether the grain yield is affected by the change of the ear emergence date (EED) in various environments. In a four-year period, 30 current for national real grain production winter wheat varieties were studied. The EED and grain yield (GY) were studied as quantitative traits within five locations of the country having various soil and climatic conditions. Using several statistical programs, genotype x environment interaction of two traits was analyzed. The emphasis on data analysis was whether changes of traits due to the conditions were related and that the optimization of the ear emergence date could serve as a breeding tool for increasing grain yield. The date of ear emergence and grain yield are traits that are reliably influenced by growing conditions. The change in the date of emergence is mainly of the linear type, while the grain yield shows linear and nonlinear type changes in the same environmental conditions. It was found that the key roles in the change of characteristics are the conditions of the year, with the relatively weakest impact of the genotype on them. There is a positive relationship between the two traits, although their change depends on environmental factors. Although they change to different degrees and in relation to each other, there is a positive correlation between them. The more favorable the environmental conditions, the weaker the relationship between these two traits and vice versa. Under changing climatic conditions, the change in the relationship between the two traits is a signal of the need to create different varieties by date of ear emergence in order to obtain higher yields in the future.

Chemical control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) - a comparison of methods and rates of application of two systemic nematicides

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cyst Production

Temik, (2, methyl 2(methylthio) propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime) and Lannate, (S methyl N ((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)thioacetimidate) were compared in broadcast and drill row applications at different rates for control of Heterodera avenae on wheat at two sites in Victoria during 1969-1972. All broadcast applications and all drill row treatments except Lannate 0.3 kg ha-1 in 1971, significantly reduced white cyst production. Lannate dusted wheat seed was ineffective. Temik at 9 kg ha-1 broadcast, and 2.2 kg ha-1 in the drill row gave best control of H. avenae and completely prevented production of cysts. Temik, at comparable rates, was a better nematicide than Lannate, and on a rate for rate basis drill row treatments were more effective than broadcast treatments. The degree of nematode control was directly related to the amount of nematicide applied. Significant increases in grain yield were obtained in each experiment. All chemical treatments (except Lannate dusted seed) applied in 1969 significantly reduced white cyst production in 1971 but only four of these provided significant increases in grain yield, viz. Temik (at 9, 4.5 and 2.2 kg ha-1 broadcast, and 2.2 kg ha-1 in the drill row)

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