Stimulation of abomasal flow in sheep with buffer infusions per abomasum and effects of same on certain aspects of intestinal function

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Gastric Juice Secretion ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Extent Of Absorption

Infusion into the abomasum of sheep of a mixture of volatile fatty acids partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide (VFA salts) markedly increased the rates of flow of liquor and chloride from the abomasum to the small intestine; buffered mineral salts comprising sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and either disodium or dipotassium orthophosphate consistently produced a similar but smaller response. Thcre was little or no effect of the infusions on rumen or omasal outflow. By contrast, infusion of VFA in acid form had no effect on abomasal liquor and chloride flow and the infusion of sodium chloride did not effect liquor flow. The pH of abomasal digesta either decreased slightly or was unchanged when VFA salts wcre infused, but increased with infusion of mineral buffer salts. It is concluded that gastric secretion is markedly affected by the buffering capacity of the digesta entering the abomasum. The VFA entering the abomasum in digesta were estimated to be responsible for the secretion of as much as 60% of the chloride secreted into the organ. High rates of abomasal secretion, induced by intra-abomasal infusion of VFA salts, increased both (i) the amount of digesta in the abomasum and small intestine, (ii) the extent of absorption of calcium and magnesium distal to the omasum, and (iii) absorption from the small intestine of water, chloride and VFA, while decreasing (i) the pH of digesta in some sections of the small intestine and (ii) marker residence time in the proximal half of the small intestine. The rates of flow of both liquor and chloride from the abomasum, together with pH of abomasal digesta, progressively increased with age in animals aged 6, 10 and 30 months; they were still larger in other animals aged 54 months. By contrast, no consistent trends with age were observed with VFA and chloride concentrations in rumen liquor or the flow of metabolites from the rumen. The flow changes are suggested to be the result of changes in gastric juice secretion with age, stimulated at least in part by a corresponding decrease in the rate of absorption of buffering substances in the omasum and/or abomasum.

Maximal lymphatic triglyceride transport rate from the rat small intestine

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (4) ◽  
pp. G408-G415 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tso ◽  
K. L. Buch ◽  
J. A. Balint ◽  
J. B. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Triglyceride Fatty Acid ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel

In previous studies, we demonstrated that the hydrophobic surfactant Pluronic L-81 blocks lymphatic triglyceride transport from the small intestine and leads to accumulation of triglyceride in the mucosa. The onset of action of Pluronic L-81 is rapid and quickly reversed once its administration is discontinued. We have taken advantage of these effects of Pluronic L-81 on intestinal lipid transport in order to determine the apparent maximal triglyceride transport capacity of the proximal half of the rat small bowel using lymph fistula rats infused intraduodenally with a phosphate-buffered, taurocholate-stabilized emulsion containing 40 mumol [3H]triolein and 0.5 mg Pluronic L-81 at 3 ml/h for 8 h to load the proximal small bowel with lipid. Studies were done in one group of rats in order to be certain that only the proximal half of the small bowel contained 3H-lipid after this period of infusion. In other rats treated similarly, the 8 h of lipid-Pluronic L-81 infusion were followed by infusion of 3 ml/h of 0.15 M salt solution for 5 h. Lymphatic transport of lipid was determined throughout the entire period of infusion. During lipid-Pluronic L-81 infusion, transport of 3H-triglyceride fatty acid into lymph was only 22-27 mumol/h but rose steadily after substitution of saline and reached a maximal transport rate of 109 +/- 6.2 mumol/h (means +/- SE) after 3.5 h. During this 3.5-h period, the amount of 3H-lipid in the proximal mucosa declined from 530 to 263 mumol. While Pluronic L-81 was infused, only very low-density-lipoprotein-sized particles were seen in lymph by electron microscopy, whereas, at the peak of triglyceride transport during saline infusion, chylomicrons of up to 6,000 A were observed in lymph.

scholarly journals Nutritional implications of l-arabinose in pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Schutte ◽  
J. de Jong ◽  
E. J. van Weerden ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Pentose Sugar ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The pentose sugar l-arabinose is one of the most abundant components released by complete hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides of feed ingredients of vegetable origin. Two studies were conducted to investigate the apparent ileal digestibility and urinary excretion of l-arabinose at dietary inclusion levels of 50 and 100 g/kg, and 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg respectively, in pigs. As a reference, d-glucose was included in the studies. Water intake, ileal flow of volatile fatty acids and ileal and faecal digestibilities of dietary nutrients in pigs fed on the different diets were also examined. Castrated pigs were prepared with a post-valvular T-caecum cannula to measure ileal digestibility. Faecal digestibility was measured in non-cannulated pigs. Apparent ileal digestibility of l-arabinose was found to be approximately 70%. The presence of l-arabinose in the diet increased ileal flow of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid, suggesting the occurrence of microbial degradation of l-arabinose in the pig small intestine. l-arabinose was partly excreted in the urine. The extent of this urinary excretion as a percentage of intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) as the dietary level increased. In pigs fed on the 25 g l-arabinose/kg diet, 10.9% of the l-arabinose consumed appeared in the urine. This level was increased to 14.7% when pigs were fed on a diet containing 100 g l-arabinose/kg diet. Faecal digestibility and retention of nitrogen decreased significantly in pigs fed on the l-arabinose diets.

'Normalization' of germfree mice after direct and indirect contact with mice having a 'normal' intestinal microflora

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Koopman ◽  
H. M. Kennis ◽  
A. Lankhorst ◽  
G. W. Welling ◽  
M. P. C. Hectors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Normalization Process

Germfree mice were associated via direct and indirect contact with a 'normal' microflora by placing 'normal' mice in an isolator with germfree mice. Relative caecal weights, the ratio of secondary to primary bile acids, the presence of filamentous segmented bacteria in the small intestine and faecal β-aspartylglycine were normal 5 days after direct contact and 15 days after indirect contact. Enterobacteriaceae were demonstrated by the third day after direct contact and the fourth day after indirect contact. Volatile and non-volatile fatty acids in the caecal contents were variable and appeared to be unrelated to the 'normalization' process of germfree mice after association with a microflora.

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium on the Intestinal Transport of Glucose

1966 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Csáky ◽  
P. M. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
High K ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Specific Sugar

The rate of absorption of glucose, galactose, and 3-0-methylglucose was studied in the rat's small intestine perfused in situ with isosmotic solutions containing these sugars and Na2SO4 or K2SO4. The presence of high [K+] in the lumen enhances absorption of glucose but not that of galactose or of 3-0-methylglucose. The potassium stimulation is apparent at higher glucose concentrations where primarily carrier-mediated diffusion is involved in the translocation. In this case potassium stimulates transport even if it is the only cation in the lumen. The potassium-stimulated intestine produces more glycogen with higher specific activity than the control gut. Lactic acid production by the intestine is markedly enhanced if the intestinal lumen is perfused with a solution containing glucose and high [K+]. It is concluded that potassium does not affect permeability or the specific sugar transport system of the gut, but enhances intracellular metabolic disappearance of glucose thereby creating a larger luminal intracellular concentration gradient which in turn enhances the rate of carrier-facilitated entry.

The digestion by sheep of silages made with and without the addition of formaldehyde

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
S. B. Cammell ◽  
D. G. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Total Amino Acids

SUMMARYS.24 perennial ryegrass was conserved by ensiling directly (control) and after treatment with a solution of formaldehyde at the rate of 6 g HCHO/100 g crude protein. After storage for 90 days, part of the formaldehyde-treated silage was dried in a high-temperature drier.The quantitative digestion of the energy, carbohydrate and nitrogen moieties of the three diets and the production of volatile fatty acids and microbial protein within the rumen were measured using five sheep fitted with re-entrant cannulae at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum.Treatment with formaldehyde depressed organic matter and energy digestion within the rumen compared with untreated silage (P < 0·001) and a further depression was observed on the dehydrated material. Both formaldehyde-treated silages showed enhanced flows of total amino acids into the small intestine compared with the control silage and net absorption from the small intestine was elevated by 13 and 21% respectively on these two diets. On the untreated silage over 71% of the protein entering the small intestine was microbial in origin whereas, due to depressed microbial growth and increased protection of feed protein from rumen fermentation, microbial protein comprised only 17% of duodenal protein on the two formaldehyde-treated silage diets. Fifteen and 81 % of the dietary protein passed undegraded through the stomachs to the duodenum on the control and the two formaldehyde-treated silage diets respectively.Total VFA production within the rumen was not significantly influenced by the treatments imposed, but on the untreated silage only 56% of the energy apparently digested in the rumen was converted to VTA energy whilst a mean value of 74% was recorded on the other two diets.Estimates of the total energy absorbed gave values of 10·6, 11·9 and 10·7 MJ/kg D.M. for the control, formaldehyde and dried, formaldehyde silage diets with absorbed protein energy representing 21, 22 and 26% of the total absorbed energy respectively.

ABSORPTION OF BILIARY THYROXINE FROM LOOPS OF SMALL INTESTINE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Cottle ◽  
A. T. Veress
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Glucuronide Conjugate ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The absorption of labelled thyroxine and its glucuronide conjugate from loops of small intestine has been studied in rats. Free thyroxine was found to be more readily absorbed than its conjugate, suggesting that formation of the conjugate by the liver facilitates excretion of the hormone. No difference was found between the rate of absorption of these materials from loops prepared in cold-acclimated rats and from those prepared in warm-acclimated rats. Labelled D-thyroxine added to bile was found to be absorbed as readily as added L-thyroxine.

Ammonia in the large intestine of herbivores

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal

1. The object was toinvestigate the importance of urea a source of ammonia in the large intestine of herbivores. Urea was present in small intestinal contents of slaughtered horses in concentrations similar to those in blood but, in the small intestine of salughtered sheep, the urea was less than in blooc.2. There was little ammonia in small intestinal contents of slaughtered horses but consider-able ammonia was present in small intestinal contents of slaughtered sheep. The ammonia in small intestinal contents of the slaughtered sheep was probably formed from urea, as ileal con-tents taken from a sheep with an ileal cannula contained considerable urea and little ammonia.3. The ammonia concentration in caecal contents of sheep was related to the concentration of urea in blood except when ileal contents were prevented from entering the caecum.4. Ileal digesta of sheep contained more free amino nitrogen than did caecal digesta.5. Ammonia was absorbed more rapidly than water from the caecum of sheep. The rate of absorption was related to the concentration of ammonia in the caecum.

scholarly journals Nutritional implications of D-xylose in pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Schutte ◽  
J. de Jong ◽  
R. Polziehn ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pentose Sugar ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Pentose Sugars

Hemicellulose consists primarily of pentose sugars, joined together in a polysaccharide chain with d-xylose as the most abundant component. Ileal digestibility and urinary excretion of d-xylose and associated effects of this pentose sugar on ileal and faecal digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE) and nitrogen were studied in pigs. Castrated pigs were prepared with a post-valvular T-caecum cannula to measure ileal digestibility. Faecal digestibility was measured in non-cannulated pigs. d-xylose was given at dietary inclusion levels of 100 and 200 g/kg, and the control sugar, d-glucose, at a rate of 200 g/kg diet. Ileal digestibility of d-xylose as well as that of d-glucose was found to be close to 100%. The presence of d-xylose in the diet decreased ileal digesta pH and increased ileal flow of volatile fatty acids, suggesting the occurrence of microbial degradation of d-xylose in the pig small intestine. In pigs fed on the 100 g d-xylose/kg diet, 44.5% of the d-xylose intake appeared in the urine. This percentage increased significantly to 52.6 when pigs were fed on the 200 g d-xylose/kg diet. Ileal and faecal digestibility of DM, OM, GE and N, as well as N retention, decreased significantly in pigs fed on the 200 g d-xylose/kg diet.

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