Fleece rot and body strike in Merino sheep. I. Evaluation of liability to fleece rot and body strike under experimental conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Raadsma ◽  
AR Gilmour ◽  
WJ Paxton
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Categorical Response ◽  
Ordered Categorical ◽  
Underlying Variable ◽  
Accurate Indicator

The conceptual model that variation in resistance of Merino sheep to fleece rot and body strike could be attributed to an underlying variable with a continuous normal distribution, termed 'liability', was examined in four experiments. A total of 640 young Merino sheep were exposed from 0 to 13 days to a simulated rainfall treatment to allow the development of fleece rot. The incidence of fleece rot ranged from 0% of sheep affected in unwetted control groups and increased up to 100% affected with increased exposure to wetting. Assuming binomial variation, the response in fleece rot and flystrike incidence was fitted on an underlying scale using generalized linear models. In the case of fleece rot severity, grades of exudative fleece rot were shown to fit an ordered categorical response model. The assessment, induction and liability of sheep to fleece rot were found to be highly repeatable in all three cases, indicating that liability to fleece rot could be accurately screened for using experimental induction. Fleece rot severity was found to be an accurate indicator of liability to body strike but not of other forms of flystrike. The possible mechanisms and factors contributing to the liability of sheep to fleece rot and body strike have been discussed, and moisture status of the fleece during the development of the two diseases was indicated as an essential common denominator.

Regression with an ordered categorical response

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Hastie ◽  
J. L. Botha ◽  
C. M. Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Response ◽  
Ordered Categorical

Long-Term Traces of Tachistoscopic Word Perception

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Lee E. Doerries ◽  
E. Rae Harcum
Keyword(s):  
Critical Word ◽  
Word Perception ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Consolidation Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Special Control

Threshold durations were determined by the Method of Limits for a series of 8-letter nonsense words. For experimental Os the threshold for a critical word was obtained a second time after threshold determinations for 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 different filler-words had intervened. For control Os no word was repeated in the series. Instructions introduced a set against seeing any word again after its threshold had been obtained the first time. The second threshold for a critical word was lower than the first for all experimental conditions; this effect could not be attributed to practice. The greatest effect occurred when 2 filler-words intervened. The positive effect after 8 words had intervened indicates that the trace was still present after 7 min. Greater threshold decrements for special control groups, for whom the interpolated activity was unrelated to the experimental task, indicate a consolidation effect on the trace under those conditions.

Presence Related Formal Aspects of Hedonic Valence in Mood Management: An Investigation of the Impact of Mediated Experiences on Induced Aggressive Mood

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Karin Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mood Management ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Television Exposure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This paper lays out presence related formal aspects of media offerings suited to evoke mood management (Zillmann, 1988). Zillmann proposes that apart from other dimensions, the mood-impacting characteristics of media stimuli vary with the hedonic valence referring to the content (see also Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006). In this contribution, it is claimed that not only does the hedonic value vary with content, but also with formal characteristics of stimuli that refer to different types of media. In contrast to other investigations on mood management, these investigations focus on the reduction of aversive moods when exposed to certain media offerings. The investigations do not focus on the measurement of selected stimuli arrangements in terms of time and intensity. To test this hypothesis, the current paper presents the results of two studies in which 66 participants were presented with film sequences in order to induce aggressive moods. In the first experiment, which served as a treatment check, it was shown that aggressive moods could be reduced more with televised exposures than with a waiting period. In a second experiment, participants having partaken in the experimental induction of aggressive moods were allocated to different experimental conditions that are classified according to formal aspects of hedonic valence: a television exposure condition, an internet surfing condition, and a chat condition. These activities can be numerically classified according to three axes, (i) the amount of sensory information, (ii) the extent of possible interactions, and (iii) the synchrony between sender and recipient. The resulting categorizations of certain media offerings (television exposure: 3, internet surfing: 9–11, and chatting: 8) simultaneously represent certain aspects of the concept of presence. Results show that the induced aggressive moods can be mostly reduced by the treatment (media offerings) with the highest number allocated (internet surfing). Moreover, the findings show an overall decrease of aggressive moods according to the increasing number from television to internet.

scholarly journals Variations in MHC-DRB1 exon2 and associations with Brucellosis susceptibility in Chinese Merino sheep

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue’e Chen ◽  
Wanyun Xu ◽  
Chuangfu Chen ◽  
Hugh T Blair ◽  
Jianfeng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples ◽  
Online Software

MHC-DRB1 exon2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 126 healthy and 67 Brucellosis-infected Chinese Merino sheep. PCR products were analyzed using the SSCP technique, and then cloned to allow sequencing of the different alleles. For each SNP, allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between case and control samples, in addition the association with Brucellosis susceptibility was determined. Haplotypes and their frequencies were established and analyzed by SHEsis online software. There were forty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 270 bp DNA sequence. The distribution of C>T alleles at locus 109 was significantly different between case and control samples. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that there were nine LD blocks in MHC-DRB1 exon2 and strong LD between SNPs existed in every Block. Haplotype analysis identified nine haplotypes with strong LD, but only Hap8 and Hap9 in case-control groups were significantly different (P<0.05); neither haplotype contained the C>T allele at locus 109. In conclusion, genetic variants of MHC-DRB1 gene exon2 demonstrated associations with Brucellosis susceptibility, indicating that further research is warranted.

scholarly journals Monitoring of productive and biochemical parameters of young Clarias gariepinus during feeding of Skretting and Roycher AQUA feeds in experimental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
A. M. Trofymchuk ◽  
V. S. Bitiutskyi ◽  
N. Ye. Grynevych ◽  
O. A. Oleshko ◽  
V. M. Polishchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
Plastic Containers

The article presents the results of monitoring the productive and biochemical indicators of the growth rate of young clary catfish using dry extruded complete feed for fish, which have proven to be best adapted for use at all stages of growing clary catfish, namely: Skretting and Roycher AQUA in experimental conditions. The research was conducted in the educational and experimental laboratories of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University from 2019 to 2021. For the experiment, we used the young of the African marble clary catfish (Clarias gariepinus), purchased from one of the fish farms in the Odesa region. Clary catfish fry was kept in four rectangular plastic containers for 90 liters of freshwater. The tanks were two-thirds full (60 liters). The water temperature was maintained at 26 °C. For the experiment, 120 fries were used, which were kept in four plastic tanks by the method of analogs of 30 specimens each. Given that the fry differed in weight (for experiment 1 we selected fry with higher weight, and for experiment 2 – with lower weight), they were divided on the principle of analogs into two experimental and two control groups. Based on the results of monitoring in Experiment 1, fish observations, and mathematical calculation, we found that the feed ratio when fed Skretting and Roycher AQUA starter feed is 0.74 and 0.99 %, respectively. Based on the results of monitoring, fish observations, and mathematical calculation, it was found that the feed ratio in experiment 2 when feeding starter feed Skretting and Roycher AQUA is 0.75 and 1.54 %, respectively. The high feed rate for the use of Roycher AQUA can be explained by overuse due to the grinding of the granules. Growing aquaculture facilities in an artificially formed system – production, allows you to get environmentally friendly fish products all year round. This is a very important criterion in modern environmental conditions.

Antibody-Targeted HRP Associated with Indole-3-Acetic Acid Induces in Vitro Apoptosis in Hematological Tumors.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1270-1270
Author(s):  
Leandro Felipe Figueiredo Dalmazzo ◽  
Barbara Amelia Aparecida Santana-Lemos ◽  
Rafael Henriques Jacomo ◽  
Aglair Bergamo Garcia ◽  
Eduardo Magalhaes Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Hematological Tumors ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Abstract 1270 Poster Board I-292 3-Indole-acetic acid (IAA) is a growth hormone found in plants that may be oxidized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) generating cytotoxic molecules capable of inducing injury in mammal cells, including a variety of human tumors. The aim of this study was to establish an assay based on targeting HRP to hematopoietic tumor cells using antibodies and induce apoptosis by incubation with IAA. To set up the best experimental conditions, we used two human lineages of hematologic tumors: NB4, derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and Granta 519, from Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL). The targeting of HRP was performed with anti-CD33 or anti-CD19 antibodies (depending on the origin of the cell), followed by incubation with goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated with the enzyme. Eight groups of cells were incubated for 2, 8, 18, 24 and 48 hours: control, HRP targeted, HRP targeted with IAA at 1, 5 and 10 mM, cells not targeted with IAA at 1, 5 and 10 mM. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, with anexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. The best experimental conditions for both NB4 and Granta 519 cells were achieved with incubation for 24 h with 10 mM IAA. For NB4, the group targeted with HRP and treated with 10 mM IAA for 24 hours presented 44.1% of apoptosis, whereas the control groups achieved 18.2 to 24.6% (P<0.05). In Granta 519, these results demonstrated higher values of cell death (64.1% versus 15.5 to 20.6% in control groups, P<0.05). Next, we tested cells from 12 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (six with APL and six with AML others than APL) and from 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In AML patients others than APL, cells targeted with HRP and treated for 24 h with 10 mM IAA presented 78.8% of apoptosis, while the results with control groups varied from 18.5 to 27.8% (P<0.05). These group of cells in APL patients presented 75.9% of apoptosis, while the controls varied from 18.1 to 44.8% (P<0.05). Interestingly, in APL patients, the cell group treated with 10 mM IAA and not targeted with HRP also had higher apoptosis (44.8%) when compared to the others controls (18.1 to 26.8%) (P<0.05), suggesting that the high concentrations of myeloperoxidase of these cells were capable of activating IAA, in the absence of HRP. In CLL, cells incubated for 24 hours, targeted with HRP and treated 10 mM IAA showed mean apoptosis value of 93.3%. In the control cells, these values varied from 35.7 to 53.7% (P<0.05). Interestingly, cells from patients with CLL presented higher apoptosis than AML cells (P<0.05). Our results demonstrated that the IAA/HRP association was capable of inducing apoptosis in hematopoietic tumors, which was dependant on the IAA dose, the time of IAA exposure and the lineage of the tumor. It is also suggested that the endogenous myeloperoxidase found in APL blasts was capable of activating HRP in the absence of IAA, leading to death of these cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Does Ramadan Observance Affect Cardiorespiratory Capacity of Healthy Boys?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 155798832091758
Author(s):  
Amira Miladi ◽  
Selma Ben Fraj ◽  
Imed Latiri ◽  
Helmi Ben Saad
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Hemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Blood Pressures

Studies raising the issue of the effects of Ramadan observance (RO) on boys’ 6-min walk test (6MWT) data are rare. The studies, which did not include control groups of non-fasters, presented contradictory results. This study aimed to compare the 6MWT data (6-min walk distance [6MWD; m, %predicted], heart rate [HR; bpm, % of maximal predicted HR]), oxy-hemoglobin saturation (Oxy-sat; %), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively; mmHg) determined at rest (Rest and at the end End of the test) of a group of 22 healthy fasting boys (age: 12 to 15 years) with an age-matched non-fasting group ( n = 10). The 6MWTs were performed during three experimental conditions (ECs): Pre-Ramadan, Mid-Ramadan, and Post-Ramadan. The two groups’ 6MWT data for each EC were compared, and repeated factorial analysis of variance (2 groups vs. 3 ECs) was performed. Both groups had similar values of 6MWD (m, %predicted), HRRest or HREnd (bpm, % of maximal predicted HR), Oxy-satRest, Oxy-satEnd, SBPRest, and DBPRest during the three ECs. Compared to the non-fasting group, the fasting group had significantly higher SBPEnd (121 ± 10 vs. 130 ± 11) and DBPEnd (72 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 7) determined during the Mid-Ramadan EC. No significant interactive effects of the groups (2) vs. ECs (3) was found for the 6MWD (%predicted; p = .809), HRRest (%, p = .555), HREnd (%, p = .964), Oxy-satRest ( p = .336), Oxy-satEnd ( p = .389), SBPRest ( p = .708), SBPEnd ( p = .548), DBPRest ( p = .277), and DBPEnd ( p = .096). To conclude, in boys, RO does not impact the 6MWD, HR, or Oxy-sat, but it has minimal impact on the SBPEnd and DBPEnd.

A comparison of generalised linear models and compositional models for ordered categorical data

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-273
Author(s):  
Ondřej Vencálek ◽  
Karel Hron ◽  
Peter Filzmoser
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Generalised Linear Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ordered Categorical Data ◽  
Transportation Research ◽  
Ordered Categorical

Ordered categorical data occur in many applied fields, such as geochemistry, econometrics, sociology and demography or even transportation research, for example, in the form of results from various questionnaires. There are different possibilities for modelling proportions of individual categories. Generalised linear models (GLMs) are traditionally used for this purpose, but also methods of compositional data analysis (CoDa) can be considered. Here, both approaches are compared in depth. Particularly, different assumptions of the models on variability are highlighted. Advantages and disadvantages of individual models are pointed out. While the CoDa model may be inappropriate when the variability of the compositional coordinates depends on the regressors, for example, due to different total counts on which the coordinates are based, the GLM may underestimate the uncertainty of the predictions considerably in case of large-scale data.

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