Application of different sources of manganese sulfate decreases take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) of wheat grown in a manganese deficient soi

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Wilhelm ◽  
RD Graham ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Two experiments tested the effectiveness of manganese (Mn) decreasing take-all of wheat. The first experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions. Mn sulfate was mixed through the soil at sowing or 2 weeks before, or applied to the seed or leaves, and manganese dioxide (MnO2) was mixed through the soil at sowing or 2 weeks before. Mixing manganese sulfate (MnSO4) through the soil was the most effective treatment at decreasing take-all, followed by seed applied Mn. MnO2 and foliar applied Mn had little effect on take-all. All Mn treatments, except foliar Mn, completely eliminated Mn deficiency in the plants. In the second experiment, which was conducted in the field at a Mn deficient site, Mn sulfate and MnO2 were applied to the soil at sowing. MnSO4 decreased take-all and increased grain yields in take-all inoculated plots nearly threefold, but increased yields only slightly in uninoculated plots. MnO2 was not effective in decreasing take-all or increasing grain yield. This is the first report of take-all infection being suppressed by MnSO4in the field. The results of these experiments support the hypothesis that Mn may be acting through the physiology of the wheat plant to decrease take-all.

Failure of liming to increase grain yield of wheat and triticale in acid soils may be due to the associated increase in incidence of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Murray ◽  
BJ Scott ◽  
Z Hochman ◽  
BJ Butler
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
New South ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Lime was applied at rates from 0 to 5.0 t ha-1 at 4 sites in southern and central New South Wales. A root and crown disease characterised by basal stem blackening affected up to 60% of wheat plants and 80% of triticale plants when the soil pH in 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 was above 5.0 at all 4 sites. Below pH 4.8, incidence was less than 5%. The take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, was consistently associated with this symptom. Losses in grain yield from the disease ranged from 26 to 77% depending on site. Regression analysis indicates that each 10% increase in plants with basal stem blackening decreased yield by 0.76%. These results demonstrate that the disease can reverse the expected increase in yield after liming, and that progressive acidification of the soils in the region may have caused the present reduced amount of take-all.

The separate and combined effects of barley yellow dwarf virus and take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on the growth and yield of wheat

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Sward ◽  
JF Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

The single and combined effects of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) on wheat, cv. Condor, were determined in field and glasshouse trials. Before and after tillering, aphids with BYDV were fed on plants growing in soil with different proportions of dead and live inoculum of Ggt. Each pathogen reduced grain yield and increased the number of deadheads. In a number of cases, especially in the field, the combined effect of BYDV and Ggt was greater than a simple additive effect of either pathogen alone. Grain yield per plot and grain weight per head were each reduced, whilst the incidence of deadheads was increased, particularly following infection with BYDV after tillering. A possible mechanism to explain the interaction of the two pathogens is discussed.

Effect of superphosphate and superphosphate plus flutriafol on yield and take-all of wheat

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Wheat was grown in soil amended with 5 levels of superphosphate with or without 4 levels of flutriafol at 3 sites naturally infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The severity of take-all was related to the rates of superphosphate and flutriafol. At all sites, the disease incidence and severity were high, with values for the moderate plus severe category (i.e. >25% of the root system discoloured by the takeall fungus) exceeding 80% for untreated plots. As plants responded to increasing levels of superphosphate and flutriafol, the percentage of infected roots declined. There was no further decline in the severity of take-all with increasing levels of flutriafol above 50 g/ha. The lowest severity of take-all was observed at the highest superphosphate level (200 kg/ha) and a fungicide level of 50 g/ha. Take-all severity for this treatment varied with the site location, being 52% at Condingup while the Mt Ridley and Neridup sites had 60% infection of take-all on the roots. There was a 25-30% increase in grain yield in response to added flutriafol at the highest superphosphate level. There were also corresponding increases in dry matter production and 1000-grain weights with superphosphate and fungicide application.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Sensitivity to 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol of Isolates of Phialophora spp. from Washington Wheat Fields

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Sig Kwak ◽  
Peter A. H. M. Bakker ◽  
Debora C. M. Glandorf ◽  
Jennifer T. Rice ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Dark pigmented fungi of the Gaeumannomyces–Phialophora complex were isolated from the roots of wheat grown in fields in eastern Washington State. These fungi were identified as Phialophora spp. on the basis of morphological and genetic characteristics. The isolates produced lobed hyphopodia on wheat coleoptiles, phialides, and hyaline phialospores. Sequence comparison of internal transcribed spacer regions indicated that the Phialophora isolates were clearly separated from other Gaeumannomyces spp. Primers AV1 and AV3 amplified 1.3-kb portions of an avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora isolates. Phylogenetic trees of the avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora spp. also clearly separated them from other Gaeumannomyces spp. The Phialophora isolates were moderately virulent on wheat and barley and produced confined black lesions on the roots of wild oat and two oat cultivars. Among isolates tested for their sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), the 90% effective dose values were 11.9 to 48.2 μg ml–1. A representative Phialophora isolate reduced the severity of take-all on wheat caused by two different isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of an avenacinase-like gene in Phialophora spp. and demonstrated that the fungus is significantly less sensitive to 2,4-DAPG than G. graminis var. tritici.

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Root Death ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Abstract A description is provided for Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae, especially Triticum, Hordeum, Secale, Agropyron and several other grass genera and, more rarely, Sorghum and Zea; also recorded from the roots of plants in other families. DISEASE: Take-all of cereals and grasses (also referred to as deadheads or whiteheads, pietin and pied noir (France), Schwarzbeinigkeit and Ophiobolus Fusskrankheit (Germany), Ophiobolusvoetziekt (Netherlands) and others). Root infection is favoured by soil temperature from 12-20°C (Butler, 1961). Ascospore germ tubes penetrate root hairs and the epidermis in the meristematic region (Weste, 1972) leading to plugging of xylem and root death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: (CMI Map 334, ed. 3, 1972). Widespread, especially in temperate zones. Africa; Asia (India, Iran, Japan, USSR): Australasia and Oceania; Europe; North America (Canada, USA); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay). TRANSMISSION: In soil on infected organic fragments, as runner hyphae on roots of cereals and grasses and, under special conditions, by ascospores. Seed transmission very doubtful (47, 3058).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document