The effect of supplements of rumen-degradable protein and formaldehyde-treated casein on the intake of low-nitrogen roughages by Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers at different stages of maturity

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Degradable Protein

The response in voluntary feed intake, firstly to supplements of rumen-degradable protein and then to additional supplements of formaldehyde-treated casein (FTC) was studied in Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) steers fed long-chopped spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) and pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens). The intake responses were measured at four stages of maturity of the steers ranging from soon after weaning to near maturity. On diets deficient in nitrogen the magnitude of the intake response to rumen-degradable protein was greater in Angus than in Brahmans. With the exception of the Angus steers fed spear grass soon after weaning, there was no significant response to FTC with either diet beyond that achieved with rumen-degradable protein. From published values of the digestible protein supplied by the diets and the protein requirements of cattle for maintenance, it was calculated that pangola grass, prior to supplementation with FTC, supplied sufficient digestible protein for maintenance. On the other hand, that supplied by spear grass, prior to supplementation with FTC, was substantially below that required for maintenance. These experimental and calculated data are discussed in terms of factors limiting feed intake, and conclusions drawn about protein requirements for the expression of maximum feed intake of roughage diets.

Digestion of mature pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) by Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flow Through

The digestion of mature pangola grass (Digitaria decurnbens) by Hereford (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) steers was studied. There was no significant difference between breeds in the digestion of organic matter (OM) and cell wall constituents (CWC). The OM digestibility in the whole tract was 0.59 with 90% of the digestion occurring in the stomachs. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater nonammonia nitrogen flow through the abomasum in Herefords (66 g/day) than Brahmans (59 g/day). Likewise the ratio of crude protein digested in the intestines to digestible OM (DCPi:DOMI) was higher (P < 0.05) in Herefords (0.120) than in Brahmans (0.102). In both breeds 66% of the nitrogen associated with the CWC was digested in the whole tract, essentially all digestion occurring in the stomachs. These results for pangola grass, especially the DCPi:DOMI ratios, are compared with the digestion characteristics of other tropical grasses and are discussed in terms of the capacity of tropical grasses to meet the protein requirements of growing cattle.

Expression of candidate genes for residual feed intake in tropically adapted Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls under thermoneutral and heat stress environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 102998
Author(s):  
Bianca Vilela Pires ◽  
Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza ◽  
Luara Afonso de Freitas ◽  
Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante ◽  
Ester Silveira Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Residual Feed Intake

The effects of genotype, age, pregnancy, lactation and rumen characteristics on voluntary intake of roughage diets by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Brahman Steers

The effects of genotype, age and liveweight, pregnancy and lactation on the voluntary feed intake by cattle of roughage diets of different qualities were studied in a number of experiments. The diets ranged from poor quality (low-nitrogen, high-fibre) spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay on which intakes were low ( 1 1 g DM/kg liveweight (LW)) to good quality lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (26 g DM/kg LW). On the poorest-quality diet, differences in intake between Bos taurus and Bos indicus were not significant. However, on the higher quality diets Herefords (Bos taurus) ate significantly (P < 0.05) more than Brahmans (Bos indicus). In addition, as the quality of the diet improved from speargrass through to lucerne, the breed difference in favour of the Herefords became progressively greater and the variability between animals progressively smaller as a proportion of intake. Another study showed that with increasing age and liveweight of steers, intake per unit body weight declined, the rate of decline being significantly (P < 0.05) greater on good-quality lucerne compared to a poor-quality speargrass diet. There was no significant difference between Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman steers in the rate of decline of intake of each diet with increasing age and liveweight of the steers. Another experiment which measured intake of pregnant and lactating heifers showed that the amount of feed eaten by pregnant heifers increased with increasing liveweight in late pregnancy, with intake per unit liveweight remaining constant. Lactating cows ate 35% more on a liveweight basis than their nonpregnant, non-lactating counterparts. These results are discussed in relation to mechanisms which control intake of roughage diets in ruminants, especially those associated with energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Utilization of low-quality roughage byBos taurusandBos indicuscattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
B. D. Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

1. In a number of experiments voluntary food intake of three low-quality roughages, either alone or supplemented with rumen-degradable nitrogen and sulphur and minerals, was measured in Brahman (Bos indicus) and Hereford (Bos taurus) steers. The chaffed hays were Spear grass (Heteropogon conform) (6.2 g N/kg organic matter (OM)), Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) (7.9 g N/kg OM), and Pangola grass (12.0 g N/kg OM). Rumen characteristics relating to rate of fluid outflow from the rumen were also determined.2. There was no significant difference between breeds in the dry-matter intakes of the unsupplemented diets which ranged from 11.3 to 17.8 g/kg body-weight (BW) by Herefords and from 11.8 to 16.1 g/kg BW by Brahmans.3. Supplementation of Spear grass with N and S significantly (P < 0.05) increased intake by Herefords (24%) but not by Brahmans. When the lower-N Pangola grass was supplemented there was a significant increase in intake by both breeds with the magnitude of the response in Herefords (42%) (P < 0.001) being greater than that in Brahmans (15%) (P < 0.05). The intakes of both the supplemented Spear grass and the lower-N Pangola diets were significantly (P < 0.05) greater by Herefords than Brahmans. There was no breed difference in intake when the higher-N Pangola grass was supplemented. Both breeds recorded an 8% intake response to supplementation, although the increase was only significant (P < 0.05) in Herefords.4. The mean retention time of fluid in the rumen on the unsupplemented Pangola grass diet of lower N content was 12.7 h in Brahmans compared with 17.5 h in Herefords (P < 0.01). When the higher-N Pangola was fed, both alone and supplemented, the mean retention times were similar on both diets (10.5 and 9.9 h for Herefords; 9.5 and 8.1 h for Brahmans for unsupplemented and supplemented diets respectively).5. Plasma urea concentrations were higher in Brahmans than in Herefords on all diets. Rumen ammonia concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in Brahmans than Herefords when the lower-N Pangola grass diet was unsupplemented.6. The intakes and the variable intake responses to supplementation between breeds and diets are discussed in relation to a number of animal and dietary factors.

scholarly journals 320 Carcass characteristics of Bos indicus-Bos taurus steers following BVDV type 1b challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Arthur Knowles ◽  
Joe Paschal ◽  
Chase Runyan ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Andy Herring
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vaccine Type

Abstract Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV), is a component of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) worldwide. Documentation of animal genetic influences and performance variability specific to BVDV challenge is limited. This study evaluated individual animal effects in the 14 d following BVDV Type 1b intranasal challenge in yearling, Nellore-Angus (Bos indicus-Bos taurus) F2 and F3 crossbred steers (n = 363) on carcass traits 180 d post-challenge. Prior to challenge steers were confirmed to be free of BVDV infection with families balanced across non-vaccinated control, killed (KV), or modified-live (MLV) commercial BRD vaccines. Hot carcass weight (HCW), adjusted fat thickness (AFT), longissimus muscle area (REA) and marbling score (MARB) were analyzed through mixed models with sire and pen(year) as random effects; potential fixed effects of vaccine, type of cross, pyrexia status, clinical sign presentation, and levels of feed intake and ADG 14 d post-challenge were investigated. Vaccine influenced AFT (P = 0.016); MLV steers had 0.26 cm less AFT than KV steers. Marbling was affected by type of cross (P = 0.023) with up to 0.60 marbling scores higher (P &lt; 0.05) in some parental combinations; an interaction between type of cross and pyrexia status also affected MARB (P = 0.017) with one parental combination having higher MARB associated with pyrexia. Hot carcass weight was not affected by pyrexia, but was affected by feed intake (P = 0.019), with steers in the highest vs. lowest category averaging 24.0 kg heavier. No animals presented morbidity signs severe enough for therapeutic treatment, yet presence of mild clinical symptoms affected REA (P = 0.012), resulting in 3.4 cm2 lower REA, however, this pattern was inconsistent among feed intake levels. This study affirms the complexity of health impacts on beef carcass traits and the need for improved study of subclinical illness in beef production systems.

scholarly journals Relative influence of dietary protein and energy contents on lysine requirements and voluntary feed intake of rainbow trout fry

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélusine Van Larebeke ◽  
Guillaume Dockx ◽  
Yvan Larondelle ◽  
Xavier Rollin
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency

AbstractThe effect of dietary digestible protein (DP) and/or digestible energy (DE) levels on lysine (Lys) requirements, Lys utilisation efficiency and voluntary feed intake (VFI) were studied in rainbow trout fry when Lys was the first limiting indispensable amino acid or in excess in the diet. Two trials were conducted at 11·6°C with eighty-one experimental diets, containing 280 g DP/kg DM (low protein (LP), trial 1), 600 g DP/kg DM (high protein (HP), trial 1) or 440 g DP/kg DM (medium protein (MP), trial 2), 17 MJ DE/kg (low energy (LE)), 19·5 MJ DE/kg (medium energy (ME)) or 22 MJ DE/kg (high energy (HE)), and nine Lys levels from deeply deficient to large excess (2·3–36 g/kg DM). Each diet was given to apparent satiety to one group of fifty fry (initial body weight 0·85 g) for 24 (MP diets, trial 2) or 30 (LP and HP diets, trial 1) feeding days. Based on N gain data fitted with the broken-line model, the relative Lys requirement was significantly different with the dietary DP level, from 13·3–15·7 to 22·9–26·5 g/kg DM for LP and HP diets, respectively, but did not significantly change with the DE level for a same protein level. The Lys utilisation efficiency for protein growth above maintenance was constant across diets, suggesting no effect of either dietary DE or DP levels. In Lys excess, the VFI was markedly decreased by the DP level but not by the extra DE supply. Our results suggest that the relative Lys need is best expressed in terms of percentage of protein content for optimum fish feed formulation, at least in rainbow trout fry.

Feed intake and liveweight responses to nitrogen and/or protein supplements by steers of Bos taurus, Bos indicus and Bos taurus × Bos indicus breed types offered a low quality grass hay

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. HENNESSY ◽  
P. J. WILLIAMSON ◽  
R. E. DARNELL
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Native Pastures

Thirty steers were used in two pen experiments (Expts 1 and 2), and 27 of these in a third (Expt 3), to quantify their responses of hay intake, rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN) concentrations, and liveweight to inputs of rumen soluble nitrogen (urea) and rumen undegradable protein (formaldehyde-treated casein; F-casein) when added to a basal diet of low quality hays. The hays were made from unimproved native pastures typical of those grazed by cattle in the subtropics of Australia and contained 7·8 g N/kg dry matter (DM) with coefficient of organic matter digestibility of 0·503 in Expts 1 and 2, and 5·2 g N/kg DM with a digestibility range from 0·385 to 0·448 in Expt 3. The steers (15 months old) were either Brahman (B), Hereford (H) or the F1 Brahman×Hereford (BH) cross. Steers were offered supplementary minerals with the hays in each experiment. In Expt 1 (35 days) urea was sprayed on part of the hay, allowing for daily urea intakes (g/steer) of either 0, 5, 11, 16 or 26. In Expt 2 (42 days), F-casein was offered daily (g/steer) at either 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 and in Expt 3 (56 days) discrete offerings were made of soluble casein (225 g/day), of urea (18 g/day)+F-casein (225 g/day) or of nil.There were significant linear effects of urea intake upon hay intake and liveweight change of steers. However, B steers had smaller increases in intake and liveweight change than did H steers, and B steers did not have a linear increase in RAN concentrations with increasing urea intake as did H and BH steers. In Expt 2 there were significant linear effects of F-casein supplements on hay intake and liveweight change of steers and a significant improvement in their feed conversion ratio (i.e. DM intake: liveweight change). The B steers did not differ from H and BH steers in liveweight change but had significantly lower hay intakes and non-significantly smaller increases in RAN with increasing F-casein intake. In Expt 3, hay intake of the steers increased with soluble casein (by 16·8%) and with urea+F-casein (24·5%). Only steers given urea+F-casein had a high RAN concentration (94 mg/l) and a high liveweight gain. The B steers had a liveweight loss and a lower hay intake than H or BH steers in Expt 3 but a higher RAN concentration.These studies have indicated the importance of the form and quantity of additional N required by cattle of differing breed types to optimize their feed intake and liveweight gain when offered low-N, low-digestible hays.

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