Digestion of mature pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) by Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flow Through

The digestion of mature pangola grass (Digitaria decurnbens) by Hereford (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) steers was studied. There was no significant difference between breeds in the digestion of organic matter (OM) and cell wall constituents (CWC). The OM digestibility in the whole tract was 0.59 with 90% of the digestion occurring in the stomachs. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater nonammonia nitrogen flow through the abomasum in Herefords (66 g/day) than Brahmans (59 g/day). Likewise the ratio of crude protein digested in the intestines to digestible OM (DCPi:DOMI) was higher (P < 0.05) in Herefords (0.120) than in Brahmans (0.102). In both breeds 66% of the nitrogen associated with the CWC was digested in the whole tract, essentially all digestion occurring in the stomachs. These results for pangola grass, especially the DCPi:DOMI ratios, are compared with the digestion characteristics of other tropical grasses and are discussed in terms of the capacity of tropical grasses to meet the protein requirements of growing cattle.

scholarly journals Utilization of low-quality roughage byBos taurusandBos indicuscattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
B. D. Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

1. In a number of experiments voluntary food intake of three low-quality roughages, either alone or supplemented with rumen-degradable nitrogen and sulphur and minerals, was measured in Brahman (Bos indicus) and Hereford (Bos taurus) steers. The chaffed hays were Spear grass (Heteropogon conform) (6.2 g N/kg organic matter (OM)), Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) (7.9 g N/kg OM), and Pangola grass (12.0 g N/kg OM). Rumen characteristics relating to rate of fluid outflow from the rumen were also determined.2. There was no significant difference between breeds in the dry-matter intakes of the unsupplemented diets which ranged from 11.3 to 17.8 g/kg body-weight (BW) by Herefords and from 11.8 to 16.1 g/kg BW by Brahmans.3. Supplementation of Spear grass with N and S significantly (P < 0.05) increased intake by Herefords (24%) but not by Brahmans. When the lower-N Pangola grass was supplemented there was a significant increase in intake by both breeds with the magnitude of the response in Herefords (42%) (P < 0.001) being greater than that in Brahmans (15%) (P < 0.05). The intakes of both the supplemented Spear grass and the lower-N Pangola diets were significantly (P < 0.05) greater by Herefords than Brahmans. There was no breed difference in intake when the higher-N Pangola grass was supplemented. Both breeds recorded an 8% intake response to supplementation, although the increase was only significant (P < 0.05) in Herefords.4. The mean retention time of fluid in the rumen on the unsupplemented Pangola grass diet of lower N content was 12.7 h in Brahmans compared with 17.5 h in Herefords (P < 0.01). When the higher-N Pangola was fed, both alone and supplemented, the mean retention times were similar on both diets (10.5 and 9.9 h for Herefords; 9.5 and 8.1 h for Brahmans for unsupplemented and supplemented diets respectively).5. Plasma urea concentrations were higher in Brahmans than in Herefords on all diets. Rumen ammonia concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in Brahmans than Herefords when the lower-N Pangola grass diet was unsupplemented.6. The intakes and the variable intake responses to supplementation between breeds and diets are discussed in relation to a number of animal and dietary factors.

The effect of supplements of rumen-degradable protein and formaldehyde-treated casein on the intake of low-nitrogen roughages by Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers at different stages of maturity

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Degradable Protein

The response in voluntary feed intake, firstly to supplements of rumen-degradable protein and then to additional supplements of formaldehyde-treated casein (FTC) was studied in Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) steers fed long-chopped spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) and pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens). The intake responses were measured at four stages of maturity of the steers ranging from soon after weaning to near maturity. On diets deficient in nitrogen the magnitude of the intake response to rumen-degradable protein was greater in Angus than in Brahmans. With the exception of the Angus steers fed spear grass soon after weaning, there was no significant response to FTC with either diet beyond that achieved with rumen-degradable protein. From published values of the digestible protein supplied by the diets and the protein requirements of cattle for maintenance, it was calculated that pangola grass, prior to supplementation with FTC, supplied sufficient digestible protein for maintenance. On the other hand, that supplied by spear grass, prior to supplementation with FTC, was substantially below that required for maintenance. These experimental and calculated data are discussed in terms of factors limiting feed intake, and conclusions drawn about protein requirements for the expression of maximum feed intake of roughage diets.

Reducing calcium and phosphorus in crossbred beef cattle diets: impacts on productive performance during the growing and finishing phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Prados ◽  
S. C. Valadares Filho ◽  
S. A. Santos ◽  
D. Zanetti ◽  
A. N. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty 3/4 Bos indicus × 1/4 Bos taurus bulls (initial bodyweight = 214 ± 4 kg; 11 ± 0.2 months) were used in the study. Four bulls were slaughtered as reference and the other 36 bulls were allowed ad libitum consumption of treatment diets following a completely randomised 3 × 3 factorial design. The design included three diet concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P): standard, 50% of standard, and 75% of standard and three periods of feedlot confinement: 8, 16, and 24 weeks with four bulls per treatment combination. The diets were isonitrogenous and consisted of 60 : 40 corn silage to concentrate. Dry matter intake, crude protein, ether extract, organic matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, Ca, and P, expressed as kg/day, were greater (P < 0.05) for bulls confined for longer periods. Nutrient digestibility and average daily gain was not affected (P > 0.05) by Ca and P concentration of diet or by feedlot phase. Dressing were decreased (P < 0.05) for bulls that remained in confinement for a shorter period. The daily maintenance requirements of Ca and P were 13.66 and 21.51 mg/kg empty bodyweight, respectively, and the absorption coefficients of Ca and P were 0.70 and 0.67, respectively. We concluded that for crossbred cattle in the feedlot, dietary levels of Ca and P recommended by BR-CORTE (2010), NRC (2000), and AFRC (1991) could be reduced by 62%, 66%, and 57%, respectively, for Ca and by 14%, 15%, and 43%, respectively, for P with significant savings in costs. This study shows that Ca and P can be reduced to 1.8 and 2.2 g/kg DM respectively, in the diets for crossbred cattle in feedlot.

The effects of genotype, age, pregnancy, lactation and rumen characteristics on voluntary intake of roughage diets by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Brahman Steers

The effects of genotype, age and liveweight, pregnancy and lactation on the voluntary feed intake by cattle of roughage diets of different qualities were studied in a number of experiments. The diets ranged from poor quality (low-nitrogen, high-fibre) spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay on which intakes were low ( 1 1 g DM/kg liveweight (LW)) to good quality lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (26 g DM/kg LW). On the poorest-quality diet, differences in intake between Bos taurus and Bos indicus were not significant. However, on the higher quality diets Herefords (Bos taurus) ate significantly (P < 0.05) more than Brahmans (Bos indicus). In addition, as the quality of the diet improved from speargrass through to lucerne, the breed difference in favour of the Herefords became progressively greater and the variability between animals progressively smaller as a proportion of intake. Another study showed that with increasing age and liveweight of steers, intake per unit body weight declined, the rate of decline being significantly (P < 0.05) greater on good-quality lucerne compared to a poor-quality speargrass diet. There was no significant difference between Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman steers in the rate of decline of intake of each diet with increasing age and liveweight of the steers. Another experiment which measured intake of pregnant and lactating heifers showed that the amount of feed eaten by pregnant heifers increased with increasing liveweight in late pregnancy, with intake per unit liveweight remaining constant. Lactating cows ate 35% more on a liveweight basis than their nonpregnant, non-lactating counterparts. These results are discussed in relation to mechanisms which control intake of roughage diets in ruminants, especially those associated with energy metabolism.

scholarly journals A comparison of the excretion rate of endogenous purine derivatives in the urine of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bowen ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
S. R. McLennan ◽  
V. J. Doogan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Estimates of microbial crude protein (MCP) production by ruminants, using a method based on the excretion of purine derivatives in urine, require an estimate of the excretion of endogenous purine derivatives (PD) by the animal. Current methods allocate a single value to all cattle. An experiment was carried out to compare the endogenous PD excretion in Bos taurus and high-content B. indicus (hereafter, B. indicus) cattle. Five Holstein–Friesian (B. taurus) and 5 Brahman (> 75% B. indicus) steers (mean liveweight 326 ± 3.0 kg) were used in a fasting study. Steers were fed a low-quality buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris; 59.4 g crude protein/kg dry matter) hay at estimated maintenance requirements for 19 days, after which hay intake was incrementally reduced for 2 days and the steers were fasted for 7 days. The excretion of PD in urine was measured daily for the last 6 days of the fasting period and the mean represented the daily endogenous PD excretion. Excretion of endogenous PD in the urine of B. indicus steers was less than half that of the B. taurus steers (190 µmol/kg W0.75.day v. 414 µmol/kg W0.75.day; combined s.e. 37.2 µmol/kg W0.75.day; P < 0.001). It was concluded that the use of a single value for endogenous PD excretion is inappropriate for use in MCP estimations and that subspecies-specific values would improve precision.

Effect of processing of palm oil petiole on palatability in Bali cows (Bos sondaecus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
M Afdal ◽  
S Syarif ◽  
A Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Palm oil petiole (POP) is a pruning by-product from palm oil plantations. POP is the stalk of the palm oil frond (POF) without the leaflets and the outer layer. By weight, it contributed about 30 percent of POF. POP was a possible alternative for POF in feeding Bali cows (Bos sondaecus) since Bali cows we observed to reject fresh POF. Central Bureau of Indonesian Statistics (2006) reported that the production of POF was around 10,869,365 t from around 3,682,900 ha of palm oil plantation in Indonesia which is equivalent to 3,260,810 t of POP. POF are successfully used as feed for Bos taurus and Bos indicus and there are a lot of studies being done, especially in Malaysia. Alimon and Hair Bejo (1995) reported that the chemical composition of POF is 47, 385, 787, 556 g kg-1 and 5.65 MJ kg-1 for crude protein (CP), crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and metabolisable energy respectively. However, there is no information on the nutritive value of POP and its palatability in Bali cows. The aims of this study were to evaluate the nutritive value of POP, and palatability of POP types by Bali cows when processed in several forms.

Effects of supplement or fertiliser on forage quality, and performance of stocker cattle grazing warm-season pastures

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Rivera ◽  
M. L. Gipson ◽  
R. G. Gipson ◽  
R. W. Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Experimental Unit

Crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) beef steers (BW = 232.8 ± 14.6 kg; n = 90) were used over 3 years to examine the efficacy of N fertiliser compared with feed supplementation on forage quality, and animal production. Each year a new group of steers were weighed (unshrunk), and assigned to graze mixed warm-season perennial pastures (Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum notatum Flugge). Paddocks were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: no fertiliser and no supplement (NONE); supplement of 1.1 kg of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) per steer (DM basis) and no fertiliser (DDGS); or fertiliser (134 kg/ha of N applied in split applications) and no supplement (FERT). Cattle were individually weighed at Days 0, 56, 84, and at Day 126, Day 140, Day 93 for Years 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Data were analysed as a mixed model, treatment being used as a fixed effect, year and block as random effects and pasture as the experimental unit. No differences were noted in BW at any point of the study. Greater total average daily gain (ADG) for the grazing period was noted with FERT and DDGS having greatest ADG compared with NONE. Input costs differed (P = 0.001) among all treatments with FERT having the highest input costs, followed by DDGS and NONE. A tendency (P = 0.11) for lowest return was noted with steers in the FERT group returning the least amount of money. No differences (P > 0.10) were noted in forage biomass (kg/ha) at any point of the study. At Day 56, FERT had least ADF (P = 0.03), greatest (P = 0.01) crude protein, and the greatest (P = 0.01) total digestible nutrients (TDN) compared with DDGS and NONE. At Day 84, similar effects existed with FERT having greater crude protein and TDN compared with DDGS and NONE (P ≤ 0.04). No effects (P > 0.10) existed for the last day of sampling for ADF and TDN, however there was a tendency increase in final crude protein (P = 0.07) associated with FERT and DDGS compared with NONE. Results indicate that similar beef cattle performance might be expected if either DDGS or FERT were used, with FERT increasing forage quality at variable points within the study.

scholarly journals In vivo comparison of susceptibility between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle types to Theileria parva infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Ndungu ◽  
C.G.D. Brown ◽  
T.T. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theileria Parva ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Parameters

The objective of this study was to determine whether Bos taurus cattle differ form Bos indicus in their susceptibility to infection with the Muguga stabilate of Theileria parva and in their resistance to the resultant disease. Ten Friesians (B. taurus), ten improved Borans (B. indicus), ten unimproved Borans (B. indicus) and ten Zebus (B. indicus) born to dams from an East Coast fever (ECF) endemic area were inoculated with an infective dose50 dilution of T. parva Muguga stabilate 147. All the animals except one Friesian and one Zebu developed schizont parasitosis. All the improved Borans, nine of the Friesians, eight of the unimproved Borans and six of the Zebus developed a febrile response. Four of the improved Borans, four of the Friesians and three of the unimproved Borans died of theileriosis. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in the prepatent period occurred between the groups, but the Zebus had a significantly shorter duration of schizont parasitosis (P > 0.05) and took a significantly shorter time to recover (P > 0.05) than the other three groups. There was no significant difference in the two parameters between the other three groups. The study showed that three B. indicus breds and a B. taurus breed are equally susceptible to T. parva infection. However, Zebus born to dams from an ECF endemic area showed a better ability to control the course of disease than cattle from ECF free areas.

The hair follicle and apocrine gland populations of Zebu (Bos indicus L.) and Shorthorn (B. taurus L.) cattle skin.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Apocrine Gland ◽  
Apocrine Glands ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Skin samples taken with a trephine of known size from Shorthorn (Bos taurus L.) and Zebu (B. indicus L.) cattle were used to determine the density of hair follicles and apocrine glands in the skin. The repeatability of the measurement of density on the same animal was found to lie between 78 and 90 per cent. The expansion of the skin as the animal grows, and the manner in which the plane of nutrition can modify growth and so the extent of expansion, has a predominating effect on the hair follicle and apocrine gland density. There is a significant difference between ages, but for each breed the regression coefficients of log follicle number on log heart girth within age groups are not significantly different. The mean number of hair follicles per sq. cm in Zebus was 1698, in Zebu crosses 1321, and in Shorthorns on a low plane of nutrition 1064. In Shorthorns on a high plane the number was 764. All differences were statistically significant.

scholarly journals In vitro performance of Zebu (Bos indicus) and Taurus (Bos taurus) donor cow embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Soares Barbosa GUIMARÃES ◽  
Laiara Fernandes ROCHA ◽  
Ronival Dias Lima de JESUS ◽  
Gisvani Lopes VASCONCELOS ◽  
Gabriela ANGHINONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
In Vitro Performance

ABSTRACT In this study, the in vitro production of bovine embryos from zebu and taurine donors was compared. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained from 167 Bos taurus and 161 Bos indicus donors by ovum pick-up. COCs were classified based on their morphological quality, matured in incubators for 22 to 24 h in maturation medium, and then fertilized for 18 to 22 h. The zygotes were transferred to the culture medium for seven days. The embryos were classified as morula (OM), initial blastocyst (BI), blastocyst (BL), and expanded blastocyst (BX), before being transferred to synchronized recipient cows. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30-45 days post-transfer. The Bos indicus donors had a higher oocyte yield (n = 2556) than Bos taurus donors (n = 1903) (P = 0.008). The COCs from zebu donors had a better morphological quality than those from taurine donors (n = 689 vs. 444 for grade 1 COC, P < 0.0001; n = 681 vs. 509 for grade 2 COC, P = 0.010, for zebu and taurine donors, respectively). There were differences in embryo production percentages obtained from OM (0.44% from zebu and 6.42% from taurine, P = 0.017), BL (14.18% from zebu and 3.74% from taurine, P < 0.0001), and BX (81.43% from zebu and 75.13% from taurine, P < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed for embryo production from BI and pregnancy rate (P > 0.05). The Bos indicus cows showed greater oocyte recovery, number of viable oocytes, and production of viable embryos than the Bos taurus cows.

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