An analysis of the environmental limitation to yield of irrigated grain sorghum during the dry season in tropical Australia using a radiation, interception model

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
DB Coates
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Tropical Australia

Variation in yield of irrigated grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown during the dry season in tropical Australia was analysed in terms of the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted, its efficiency of use in dry matter production and the proportion of dry matter partitioned to grain. Three commercial hybrids (Texas 610SR, Dekalb DK55, Pacific Monsoon) grown under favourable conditions on two soil types (Cununurra Clay and Ord Sandy Loam) yielded similarly, but there was a significant effect of sowing date. Grain yield was highest (9.5 t ha-1 at 14% moisture) in the May sowing, with the lowest yield (7.4 t ha-1) being obtained in the April sowing. Yield was intermediate from a July sowing. Differences in grain yield across the dry season were not related to the amount of PAR intercepted, nor to the efficiency of conversion of intercepted PAR into net aboveground dry matter, but rather to differences in dry matter partitioning. A stable efficiency of conversion of 2.4 g MJ-1 of intercepted PAR was recorded for the entire crop cycle for sorghum crops growing under favourable growing conditions in this environment. This conversion efficiency for a tropical C4 cereal is similar to maximum values, but higher than average conversion efficiencies over the entire crop cycle obtained for temperate C3 cereals growing in temperate regions. Temperature did not affect this conversion efficiency, but had a pronounced effect on the duration of crop development.

The effect of time of planting on yield attributes of oat varieties in the Ord River Valley

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Steep Rise

During the 1964 dry season a study was made at Kimberley Research Station of the effect of time of sowing on the yield attributes of oats grown under irrigation. Two varieties, Avon and Ballidu, were sown at four dates from May to July. Avon, the later variety of the two, declined in grain yield from the first sowing onward and gave a negligible yield at the last two sowings. Ballidu reached maximum grain yield at the second sowing and gave a negligible yield at the last sowing. It appeared that, as in wheat, the major factor influencing grain yield in relation to time of sowing was the steep rise in temperature from August onward. There was a close relation between date of anthesis and grain yield irrespective of variety. Maximum grain and dry matter yield would be expected if sowing date were selected to bring a given variety to anthesis in early August.

scholarly journals Upland rice yield as affected by Brachiaria coverage management

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano S. Nascente ◽  
Luís F. Stone ◽  
Cleber M. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tillage System

An important point in no-tillage system is the time between cover crop glyphosate desiccation and rice sowing. This study aimed to verify the effect of Brachiaria ruziziensis management time before rice sowing on rice yield and its components. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and consisted of four types of B. ruziziensis management: with Brachiaria and with herbicide (WBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and with herbicide (NBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and without herbicide (NBNH), and with Brachiaria and without herbicide (WBNH), at four times: 30, 20, 10, and 0 days, preceding the rice sowing. The amount of B. ruziziensis dry matter increased as the management was done closer to the rice sowing date. The WBWH and WBNH managements (this one causes the lowest rice grain yield) must be done 30 days before rice sowing; while NBWH management must be done ten or more days before rice sowing. On the other hand, NBNH management (this one favors the best rice grain yield) can be done until rice sowing day. Despite some reduction in rice yield caused by the B. ruziziensis management, when it was done at the proper time the rice grain yield was similar to the control (without Brachiaria sowing and without herbicide application).

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

Dry matter partitioning and grain yield of winter maize in Nepal Terai under integrated nutrient management

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Pramod Prasad Dahal ◽  
Komal Bahadur Basnet ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Tika Bahadur Karki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning

MACRONUTRIENTS ABSORPTION AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION IN GRAIN SORGHUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽  
ELAINE CRISTINA TEIXEIRA ◽  
LORENA MARTINS BRANDÃO ◽  
ANTÔNIO AUGUSTO NOGUEIRA FRANCO ◽  
MARCOS KOITI KONDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sigmoidal Function ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Red Latosol

ABSTRACT - The present study aimed to determine the curves of macronutrients and dry matter accumulation in grain sorghum DKB 599, grown in a semiarid region. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam eutrophic red Latosol (Oxisol) in Janaúba, State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications. As statistical method, a nonlinear regression, sigmoidal function with three parameters was used. After drying, the plants were weighed and ground to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S concentration. Grain sorghum plants accumulate nutrients in their shoots in the following order: N> K> Ca> P> Mg> S. The highest concentrations of K and N were observed in stems and grains, respectively. In the conditions of this experiment, the most favorable time to perform nitrogen and potassium topdressing fertilization is when the plants present seven fully expanded leaves or 24 days after the emergency (DAE). Keywords: fertilization, growth, nutrition, Sorghum bicolor. ABSORÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES E ACÚMULO DE MATÉRIA SECA NO SORGO GRANÍFERO RESUMO - Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as curvas de acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes no sorgo DKB 599 cultivado em região semiárida. O experimento foi conduzido em campo sobre um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico, de textura franco-argilosa, no município de Janaúba-MG, Brasil, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão não linear, função sigmoidal com três parâmetros como método estatístico. Após secagem, cada parte da planta foi pesada e moída para, em seguida, determinarem-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As plantas de sorgo granífero acumulam nutrientes em sua parte aérea na seguinte ordem: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. As maiores concentrações de K e N foram observadas, respectivamente, nos caules e nos grãos. Nas condições de condução do experimento, a época mais propícia para realizar a adubação nitrogenada e potássica em cobertura é quando as plantas apresentam sete folhas totalmente expandidas ou 24 dias após a emergência (DAE). Palavras-chave: fertilização, crescimento, nutrição, Sorghum bicolor.

The Field Performance of Induced Uniculm Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in South-east Queensland, Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukai ◽  
C. J. Liwa ◽  
C. W. L. Henderson ◽  
B. B. Maharjan ◽  
R. C. Hermus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dry Conditions

SUMMARYReduction of leaf area in sorghum without tillers (uniculm sorghum) might result in conservation of water at early stages of growth and hence in stability of grain yield under dry conditions. In two experiments in south-east Queensland, Australia, tillers were removed by hand to examine the growth of uniculm sorghum. Tiller removal promoted root development at the flag leaf stage but significantly reduced shoot dry matter and lowered grain yield by about 20% in a wet season. The saving in soil water as a result of tiller removal was relatively small but statistically significant.

Performance of steers fed grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) of varying sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghicola) resistance

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
DB Strachan ◽  
RD Dillon ◽  
RG Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Contarinia Sorghicola ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Sorghum Midge ◽  
Moderate Resistance

This experiment examined the association between the level of sorghum midge resistance of a grain sorghum hybrid and its ultilisation by cattle. Twenty-five Hereford steers were placed in individual pens and fed a feedlot ration (80% grain) for 8 weeks containing 1 of the following grain sorghum hybrids: Pacific 810, DK55plus (susceptible to midge); Barrier (low resistance to midge); AQL39/QL36, DK470 (moderate resistance to midge). There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the hybrids in dry matter intake, liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, apparent nitrogen digestibility, and digestibility of the dry matter. No tannins were detected in the grain of any of the hydrids. It was concluded that the development of grain sorghum hybrids resistant to sorghum midge will not affect the utilisation of the grain in steers.

scholarly journals Influence of seed rates and levels of NPK fertilizers on dry matter accumulations and yield performance of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-704
Author(s):  
MS Hasan ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
QA Rahman ◽  
MH Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Flood Plains

A study was carried out in the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Old Brahmaputra Flood Plains Soil (AEZ-9) during December 2001 to April 2002 to find out the effect of seed rates and NPK levels on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.). Four seed rates viz., 8,10,12, and 14 kg/ha and five levels of NPK fertilizers viz., N0P0K0, N10P8K5, N20P16K10, N30P24K15, and N40P32K20 were included in a split plot design with three replications. Dry matter accumulation pattern was determined by harvesting 10 plants randomly at 30, 60, 80, and 102 DAS (days after swing). The yield and yield contributing characters of foxtail millet were influenced by seed rates and NPK levels except tillers per plant and 1000-grain weight significantly. Generally its production rate was 0.86 t/ha when it was grown in char lands in sandy loam soils, the highest grain yield (1.62 t/ha) was produced by 10 kg seeds/ha, which was identical with 12 kg seeds/ha. In case of NPK levels, the treatment was N30P24K10. In case of interaction, the treatment combination 12 kg seeds/ha and N30P24K15 produced the highest grain yield (1.77 t/ha. In case of interaction, the treatment combination 12 kg seeds/ha and N,sub>30P24K15/ha gave the highest grain yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19661 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 689-704, December 2013

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