Some luteovirus diseases in Tasmania caused by beet western yellows and subterranean clover red leaf viruses

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Johnstone ◽  
JE Duffus
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Leaf Virus

A range of crop plants, pasture legumes and weeds, mostly with yellows symptoms similar to those caused by luteoviruses, were collected from the field around Tasmania and checked for infection with beet western yellows virus (BWYV) and subterranean clover red leaf virus (SCRLV) using aphids and indicator plants. BWYV was recovered from 216 of 897 plants tested, representing 30 different species and including 16 not previously recorded as natural hosts. SCRLV was recovered from 163 of 637 plants, representing twelve species including four not previously recorded as natural hosts. BWYV was isolated most often from composites and crucifers, while SCRLV was recovered most frequently from legumes. Eight plants were found infected with both viruses together. In host range studies, Tasmanian isolates of BWYV caused symptoms in lettuce, subterranean clover and sugar beet like those seen on these plants in the field from which the virus was isolated, and were thus similar to isolates of BWYV from North America. The Tasmanian isolates of BWYV were also closely related serologically to Californian isolates of BWYV; these were serologically quite distinct from isolates of SCRLV, and both these groups were serologically distinct from legume yellows virus and from potato leaf roll virus.

A MILD CHLOROSIS VIRUS OF PHYSALIS FLORIDANA FOUND IN A TURNIP LATENT VIRUS COMPLEX

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Total Transmission ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Efficient Vector

Myzus persicae (Sulz.) transmitted a new virus to healthy Physalis floridana Rydb. from other P. floridana infected with a turnip latent virus complex. Symptoms were characterized by a chlorosis and sometimes cupping of only the lower leaves with slight stunting of plants. These symptoms could easily be mistaken for those incited by potato leaf roll virus but they were strikingly different from the yellow netting of plants infected with the turnip latent virus complex.In virus–vector studies with the new virus and M. persicae, an occasional aphid acquired the virus in 2 hours and 14% of infective insects transmitted it in 30 minutes. When acquisition and inoculation feedings were each increased to 48 hours, transmissions by single aphids of 70% and more were common. A few aphids transmitted the virus in a total transmission time of 30 hours, but most required 72 hours or longer to acquire, become infective, and transmit it.In comparative tests between the new virus and either potato leaf roll or the turnip latent complex, the new virus and potato leaf roll were recovered from plants 3 days after inoculation but the complex was not recovered for 14 days or longer. Of five aphid species tested, M. persicae was an efficient vector of all three viruses and the only species to transmit the new virus and the turnip latent complex. Plants infected with the new virus and showing symptoms were as easily infected with potato leaf roll as were comparable controls, but fewer of them became infected with the complex. The new virus and the complex were quite similar in host range, and susceptible plants were found in the Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, and Solanaceae.The new virus is called mild chlorosis virus of P. floridana.

Diseases of broad bean (Vicia faba L. major) and green pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Tasmania caused by subterranean clover red leaf virus

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Subterranean Clover Stunt Virus ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Green Pea ◽  
Leaf Virus

A leaf-roll disease of broad bean, similar to that induced by bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) in Europe, is common in Tasmania. Subterranean clover red leaf virus (SCRLV) was transmitted to subterranean clover test seedlings by using its most efficient vector, Aulacorthum solani (Kalt.), from 84% of 204 randomly selected affected broad bean plants. The disease was reproduced in broad bean with SCRLV in controlled aphid transmission tests. Effects of infection on yield were severe, as further pod set was markedly reduced after symptoms of infection developed. There was some variation among cultivars in their response to infection. The virus occurred as commonly in green pea crops as in broad bean. In pea it caused a top yellowing, but most commercially grown pea cultivars had some tolerance. Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV) caused symptoms in broad bean and pea which were also similar to those induced by SCRLV. However, SCSV was rarely found infecting plants in Tasmanian pea and bean crops. BLRV, SCRLV and SCSV share many properties in common and with some other viruses.

Occurrence of virus infection in seed stocks and 3-year-old pastures of lucerne (Medicago sativa)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Turnip Yellows Virus

In tests on seed samples from 26 commercial seed stocks of lucerne (Medicago sativa) to be sown in south-western Australia in 2001, infection with Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was found in 21 and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in 3 of them. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) were not detected in any. Incidences of infection within individual affected seed samples were 0.1–4% (AMV) and 0.1–0.3% (CMV), and the infected seed stocks were from 3 (CMV) and at least 11 (AMV) different lucerne cultivars. In a survey of 31 three-year-old lucerne pastures in the same region in 2001, in randomly collected samples, AMV was found in 30 and luteovirus infection in 11 pastures. Pastures in high, medium, and low rainfall zones were all infected. Incidences of AMV within individual infected pastures were high, with 50–98% of plants infected in 20 of them and only 3 having <10% infection, but luteovirus incidences were only 1–5%. In addition to various cultivar mixtures, at least 8 (AMV) and 3 (luteoviruses) different individual lucerne cultivars were infected. When the species of luteovirus present were identified, they were Bean leaf roll virus, Beet western yellows virus ( = Turnip yellows virus), or Subterranean clover red leaf virus ( = Soybean dwarf virus). CMV and legume-infecting potyviruses (BYMV, PSbMV, and Clover yellow vein virus) were not detected in any of the lucerne samples. Acyrthosiphon kondoi infestation was common in the samples collected, and A. pisum and Aphis craccivora were also found. Widespread infection in lucerne stands, and their frequent colonisation by aphid vectors, are cause for concern not only because of virus-induced production losses in lucerne itself but also because they provide virus infection reservoirs for spread to nearby grain legume crops and annual legume pastures.

New records on the occurrence of beet western yellows virus in Australia, New Zealand and Mexico

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Johnstone ◽  
JE Duffus ◽  
PL Guy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
New Records ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
The North ◽  
Das Elisa

An isolate of beet western yellows virus (BWYV) from lettuce in Tasmania was propagated in shepherd's purse, purified, and used to produce an antiserum in a rabbit. The lettuce isolate and the antiserum to it reacted similarly to the Californian type isolate from radish and its antiserum in double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA). The Tasmanian DAS-ELISA system was used to confirm the presence of BWYV in a range of plant species from the southern mainland states of Australia, from the North Island of New Zealand and from central Mexico. Leaf tissue containing BWYV remained serologically reactive for long periods after the tissue was desiccated either by freeze-drying, air-drying or drying over silica gel. Bean leaf roll, potato leaf roll and soybean dwarf viruses were clearly distinct from BWYV and from each other in DAS-ELISA.

Red-leaf virus - a newly recognized virus disease of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Kellock
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Species ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Medicago Littoralis ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Leaf Virus

A previously undescribed virus disease, for which the name subterranean clover red-leaf virus (SCRLV) is proposed, affects subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in the northern and southern pasture belts of Victoria. The leaves of infected plants are red and the plants may collapse and die. The virus was transmitted by the aphid Acyrthosiphon solani (Kltb.), but not by the aphids Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Aphis cracciuora Koch, or A. gossjpii Glover. The virus was not sap-transmissible nor was there any evidence of transmission through subterranean clover seed. A. solani transmitted the virus to 45 cultivars of subterranean clover, and also to white clover (T. repens L.), red clover (T. pratense L.), strawberry clover (T. fragiferum L.), strand medic (Medicago littoralis L.), and barrel medic (M. trunculata L.). The virus was not transmitted to several other indicator species. The virus persisted in the vector after a moult and thus the mode of transmission is of the circulative type. The acquisition, transmission, and availability thresholds were 6 hr, 20 min, and 4 days respectively. After an acquisition feed, the virus had a latent period of about 12 hr in the vector. SCRLV resembles other members of the leaf-roll group of persistent aphid-borne viruses. The present cryptogram for the virus is */* : */* : */* : S/Ap.

The probable long association of beet western yellows virus with the potato leaf roll syndrome in Tasmania

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Duffus ◽  
GR Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Plant Quarantine ◽  
Certification Scheme ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Potato Culture

Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) was isolated from potato cultivars showing leaf roll in Tasmania. Twenty-four of 25 plants representing 11 cultivars selected from the field as showing typical leaf roll symptoms contained virus that infected Capsella bursa-pastoris. Serological tests with two isolates showed them to be closely related to several Californian BWYV isolates. Because of strict plant quarantine and certification schemes operating in Tasmania since the early 1930s, these isolates of BWYV are probably representative of leaf roll isolates that were common before world-wide certification schemes. The occurrence of BWYV in potatoes during these early periods strongly indicates a world-wide significance of BWYV in potato culture. The wide spread occurrence of BWYV associated with leaf roll in Tasmanian potatoes could have very important consequences for the potato certification scheme. These are discussed together with the use of sensitive serological tests to detect luteoviruses in potato and facilitate their control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document