Agronomic studies on Vigna spp. in South-Eastern Queensland. III. Response to sowing arrangement

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Weather Damage

The response of two accessions each of black gram (Vigna mungo), adzuki bean (V. angularis) and green gram (V. radiata) to sowing arrangement was evaluated in November, December and January sowings in south-eastern Queensland. Plants were grown in rows 100, 75, 50 and 25 cm apart with a constant within-row density of 20 plants per m, providing population densities of 200, 267, 400 and 800 thousand plants per ha respectively. Dry matter production was generally maximized at the highest population density. However, significant species x sowing arrangement and sowing date x sowing arrangement interaction occurred for seed yield. Yields of black grams were least responsive to population density/sowing date combinations, apparently because of their indeterminate growth habit. The green grams (determinate habit) and adzuki beans (weakly indeterminate) responded to progressively higher population density as sowing was delayed from November to January, reflecting progressively shorter growth duration with later sowing. In each species, yields were generally depressed at the lowest density because vegetative growth was inadequate to achieve complete canopy closure prior to podfilling. Yields were depressed at the highest density for most sowings of the black grams, and the November sowings of the adzuki beans and green grams, because of lodging. It is suggested that sowing date x sowing arrangement interactions might be used to advantage in manipulating sowing date to minimize risk of weather damage in southern Queensland.

Light interception and utilization in determinate and indeterminate cultivars of Vicia faba under contrasting plant distributions and population densities

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stützel ◽  
W. Aufhammer
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Extinction Coefficients ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Reduced Light

SUMMARYIn a 2-year field experiment at Hohenheim in 1987–88, with an intact or partly deflowered indeterminate cultivar and a determinate cultivar, light interception and dry matter production were highest in crops grown in isometric stands (equal distances between plants), lowest in double rows and intermediate in single rows. Dry matter production was greater at high than at low population density and in the wetter and cooler weather of 1987. Population density had a greater effect on DM production than on light interception. The greater leaf canopies under high density and in 1987 (Stützel & Aufhammer 1991) reduced light extinction coefficients. In the determinate cultivar, light extinction coefficients were consistently higher and light use efficiencies were consistently lower than in the indeterminate cultivar. Deflowering the indeterminate genotype and different planting designs did not change light use efficiencies and light extinction coefficients. In general, differences in light use efficiencies were inversely related to differences in light extinction coefficients.

Effect of plant density and row spacing on the yield of chickpea (cv. Tyson) grown on the Darling Downs, south-eastern Queensland

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Population Density

Growth and yield of chickpea, Cicer arietinum cv. Tyson, were studied at 4 row spacings (180, 360, 530 and 710 mm) and 4 plant population densities (14, 28, 42 and 56 plants m-2) in factorial combination in a wet and a dry growing season on a vertisol at Dalby, south-eastern Queensland. In both years, row spacing had only a small effect on above-ground dry matter production and yield, and there were no significant interactions between row spacing and plant population density. Above-ground dry matter production increased significantly with increase in plant population density for about 120 days after sowing. Seed yield increased significantly from 104 to 126 g m-2 in the drier season (106 mm rain, May-October) with increase in plant population density from 14 to 56 plants m-2. In the wetter season (286 mm rain, May- October), the corresponding trend in yield was from 262 to 287 g m-2. The response was attributed chiefly to larger seed size in the wet year, and higher harvest index in the dry year. We conclude that a density of at least 40 plants m-2 is required to attain maximum seed yield in southeastern Queensland. Although row spacing had no significant effect on yield, our earlier research indicated potential benefits from narrow row spacing, particularly for mechanised crop production.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Modern Peanut Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Experimental Plots

The productive potential of new peanut cultivars has increased over the years in relation to old cultivars, especially when compared with ones with upright growth habit. Thus, the requirement for macronutrients for these new cultivars may also have increased, making the existing fertilizer recommendation tables obsolete, thus increasing the need for further studies measuring the real macronutrient requirements of these new peanut cultivars. Our study aimed to evaluate the growth patterns and the macronutrient absorption rate throughout the biological cycle of three modern runner peanut cultivars, as well as the potential for producing dry matter, pods, and kernels, and their respective macronutrient accumulations. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plots and nine replications. The experimental plots consisted of three peanut cultivars (IAC Runner 886, IAC 505, and IAC OL3), and subplots consisted of nine plant samplings (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 105, 126, and 147 days after emergence (DAE)). Our results showed that modern peanut cultivars presented nutrient accumulation around 30 to 40 days earlier than older cultivars, as well as increasing the uptake by K and Ca. IAC 505 absorbed higher amounts of macronutrients and resulted in greater dry matter production compared with IAC OL3 and IAC Runner 886. Our study demonstrated that the most appropriate time for plants to find greater availability of nutrients in the soil is 70 to 84 DAE, in addition to highlighting the need for updates on nutritional recommendations for higher yields of modern peanut cultivars.

Flowering time and the natural distribution and dry matter production of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) populations

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Significant Yield

The flowering times of 58 collections of Townsville lucerne from typical sites in northern Australia have been recorded in three spaced plant experiments near Townsville. Thirty-six collections were grown in 1963-64, 15 in 1964-65, and 17 in 1965-66. All the late flowering collections came from sites receiving at least 45 inches annual rainfall. The five collections from south of Rockhampton were all of the early or midseason type and all collections from the far northern areas were late flowering. Partial regression analysis was used to relate the flowering time of a collection to the rainfall (for the five months interval from January to May) and latitude of the collection site. In the first two experiments rainfall, latitude and (latitude)2 all contributed significantly to the regressions, but in the third experiment only rainfall was significant. Correlation coefficients for 1963-64, 1964-65, and 1965-66 were +0.83, +0.97, and +0.93 respectively. A selection was derived from a collection by bulking seed from single spaced plants selected for uniform flowering time and growth habit. The dry matter yields of some collections and selections were compared in two sward experiments near Townsville in 1964-65 and 1965-66. In 1964-65 there were significant yield differences between collections (experiment A, P<0.01) and between selections (experiment B, P<0.001). There were differences in the rates of vegetative growth and differences in the length of growing season, with late flowering types being able to make better growth late in the season when early types were flowering and seeding. Types with erect growth habit had the highest yields and seemed to compete better with sown grasses than the prostrate types. There were no significant yield differences in 1965-66, a very dry year, and the late flowering types failed to set seed.

scholarly journals Nitrogen transfer and dry matter production in soybean and sorghum mixed cropping system at different population densities

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kounosuke Fujita ◽  
Shoitsu Ogata ◽  
Katsushi Matsumoto ◽  
Taizo Masuda ◽  
Godfred K. Ofosu-Budu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Matter Production

Effect of soybean population density on soybean yield, nitrogen accumulation and residual nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Blumenthal ◽  
VP Quach ◽  
PGE Searle
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Residual N

The effect of soybean population density on soybean yield, nitrogen accumulation and residual nitrogen was examined at Camden, N.S.W. (34�S.). In the first experiment, treatments were soybeans (cv. Ransom) at 50, 100, 200 and 400 x 103 plants ha-1; maize (cv. XL66); and a weed-free fallow. Total dry matter yields of tops and grain yields were highest at 200x 103 plants ha-1 (6214 and 3720 kg ha-1, respectively). The yield component most affected by population density was number of branches per plant, with values decreasing with increasing population density. The proportion of unfilled pods was highest at the highest population density. Total nitrogen (N) accumulation in the tops and in the grain was also at a maximum at 200x 103 plants ha-1. The rate of dry matter accumulation declined during pod filling at all population densities. N accumulation continued at high rates throughout the growing season except in the 400x 103 plants ha-1 population. There was a trend for residual dry matter and N in residues to increase with increasing population density. After grain and forage harvest of the first experiment, a crop of wheat (cv. Kite) was sown over the whole area to determine residual N available at anthesis and at maturity (experiment 2). The values of N accumulation in the wheat at maturity were 24 kg N ha-l for the maize treatment, 40-60 kg N ha-l for the soybean treatments and 69 kg N ha-1 for the fallow treatment. Grain yield and grain N followed the pattern of dry matter production and N accumulation at final harvest. The data suggest that soybean depletes soil N to a lesser extent than does maize. For the soybean treatments, there was a trend of increasing residual N at the 3 highest population densities (40-60 kg N ha-1). This was probably a result of an increase in N in leaf fall and in decaying tops and roots at the highest population density. The high value (57 kg N ha-l) at the lowest population density may be due to soybean plants at this density not using as much soil N as the other soybean treatments. No benefit in residual N was gained from planting soybeans at a density beyond the optimum for grain yield when residues were removed by forage harvesting.

The effect of photoperiod on flowering, growth habit, and dry matter production in four species of the genus Stylosanthes SW

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Mannetje L t
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Short Days

S. humilis H.B.K., S. guyanensis (Aubl.) Sw. subsp, guyanensis, S. mucronata Willd., and S. montevidensis Vog. were subjected to photoperiods of 8,10,12, and 14 hr in the CSIRO Phytotron in Canberra. S. guyanensis and S. humilis appeared to be short-day plants and S,.montevidensis a long-day plant for flowering. S. mucronata showed a rather indefinite response, but appeared to flower more rapidly under short days than under long days. Under photoperiods of 8 and 10 hr, S. humilis had a prostrate habit and S. montevidensis plants were stunted, while under photoperiods of 12 and 14 hr both species grew erect. S. guyanensis and S. mucronata showed no differences in growth habit with photoperiod. Dry matter yields for the 12 and 14 hr photoperiods were significantly larger than those for the 8 and 10 hr photoperiods for all species except S. mucronata, which gave a significantly higher yield only under the 14 hr photoperiod.

scholarly journals Productivity of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) genotypes under Varying Population Densities

2021 ◽  
pp. 4089-4100
Author(s):  
Afolabi Michael Segun ◽  
Ojeleye Abiola Elizabeth ◽  
Olalekan Kazeem Kolapo ◽  
Shittu Kabiru Alani
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Flower Production

To investigate the influence of three population densities (88,000, 44,000, and 29,000 plants/ha) on the growth and yield of five cowpea varieties (IT97K-461, IT97K-568-18, IT98K-131-2, IT99K-1060 and IT99K-`245), a field experiment was conducted at Teaching and Research farm of Landmark University. Growth parameters such as germination count, plant height, and number of trifoliate leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, flower production dynamics and dry matter determination were measured, while harvest index, shelling percentage, number of seeds per pod, see weight pods per plant and grain yield were measured at harvest as yield components. Data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS Institute. Significant means were separated using Duncans Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. Results revealed that there were no constant trends in growth parameters response to population density. Plant height and flower production decreased with increased population density, while number of leaves per plant and dry matter increased with increasing population density. There was no appreciable effect of population density on branching. All these parameters were significantly (p≤0.05) affected with variety, while there was no significant (p≤0.05) interaction effect. Most yield components decreased with increasing population density while grain yield however, slightly increased with increasing population density. All yield parameter and grain yield significantly varied with variety, while there were no appreciable interaction effect. In conclusion, a population density of 88,000 plants /ha gives the highest growth and grain yield. While, variety, IT97-568-18 gives the higher growth and grain yield than other varieties studied.

Effects of sowing technique on yield formation of Vicia faba as affected by population density, sowing date and plant type

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stützel ◽  
W. Aufhammer ◽  
A. Löber
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Field Emergence

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out in which three different sowing techniques: sowing by hand, with a conventional seed drill and with a precision drill, were used to plant an indeterminate and a determinate cultivar of Vicia faba at two sowing dates and at three population densities in 1989 and 1990 in Southern Germany.Delayed sowing reduced field emergence rates in both years. Hand sowing produced the poorest stands in some instances due to an insufficient sowing depth being achieved. Only at late sowing dates did precision drilling give greater field emergence rates than conventional drilling. During the early stages of growth, hand and precision sowing resulted in crops with the greatest light interception and dry matter production. However, these differences between sowing techniques decreased later on. Lodging was most severe in conventionally drilled crops, particularly at high population density. Thus, when lodging occurred, dry matter and grain yields decreased with increasing plant density in conventional sowings, although they tended to increase in hand-sown and precision-drilled crops. Overall, apart from this interaction, there was no significant effect of sowing technique on grain yield. Grain yields and dry matter production were generally higher in the indeterminate cultivar Herz Freya than in the determinate cultivar Ticol, but there were no differential effects of sowing technique.

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