Uptake and distribution of chloride, sodium and potassium ions in salt-treated citrus plants

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Grieve ◽  
RR Walker
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Chloride Accumulation ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Seedlings of a range of citrus rootstocks were grown under glasshouse conditions and supplied with dilute nutrient solution containing either 0 or 50 mM NaCl. The partitioning of accumulated chloride and sodium into and within the major organs was compared between plants of Rangpur lime (Citrus reticulata var. austera hybrid?), Trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata) and sweet orange (C. sinensis). Rootstocks differed in their leaf and stem chloride and sodium concentrations, but there was little or no difference between the rootstocks in root chloride and sodium concentrations. The lowest leaf chloride and sodium concentrations were found in the top region of shoots of all rootstocks. The different patterns of accumulation of chloride and sodium found in the three rootstocks were consistent with the existence of apparently separate mechanisms which operate to limit the transport of these two ions from the roots into the young leaves of citrus plants. The chloride excluding ability of 10 rootstocks and two hybrids was also compared and assessed in relation to rootstock vigour. Sampling from the middle leaves on salt-treated plants enabled a distinction to be made between rootstocks in their chloride accumulation properties. Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata), Rangpur lime, Macrophylla (C. macrophylla) and Appleby smooth Seville (C. paradisi x C. sinensis) accumulated significantly less chloride than did Trifoliata and rough lemon (C. jambhiri). Differences in chloride accumulation properties between rootstocks were unrelated to rootstock vigour.

Rootstock and scion effects on the leaf nutrient composition of citrus trees

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Taylor ◽  
RT Dimsey
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
High Range

Four long-term citrus rootstock trials (navel orange, mandarin, Valencia orange, and lime soil trial) established at Irymple, in the Sunraysia district of Victoria, were tested for leaf nutrient composition in each of 2 years. Scion or rootstock significantly influenced leaf nutrient composition in orange and mandarin trees in all 4 trials. Poncirus trifoliata and citrange rootstocks and Ellendale tangor scion resulted in high to moderate leaf N, P, and K concentrations, while Symons sweet orange rootstock and Dancy mandarin gave low leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations. Potassium concentrations of navel and Valencia oranges on rough lemon rootstock were lower than on most of the other rootstocks tested. For all rootstocks, however, leaf N, P, and K concentrations were in the high range in the navel orange and Valencia orange trials, while leaf K concentrations were in the high range in the mandarin trial. Citrange rootstocks and Ellendale scion also had higher concentrations of leaf magnesium (Mg), while Symons sweet orange, Cox sweet orange, and Rangpur lime had lower leaf Mg concentrations than other rootstocks and scions. In the Valencia rootstock trial, rough lemon and Rangpur lime induced the highest leaf sulfur concentrations, while citrange rootstocks gave the lowest. Soil depth in the lime soil trial influenced foliar P and K levels in Valencia orange trees but these differences were small. In all trials, rootstock, but not scion, strongly influenced chloride (Cl) concentrations of citrus leaves. Poncirus trifoliata rootstock accumulated high concentrations of Cl, and the citrange rootstocks moderate, while Cleopatra mandarin rootstock showed consistently low leaf C1 concentrations in all trials. Rough lemon rootstock was not consistently good at excluding C1, and Rangpur lime showed good C1 exclusion only in the Valencia rootstock trial. There was no evidence of a negative relationship between uptake of N and C1 by citrus rootstocks. Poncirus trifoliata had a lower uptake of sodium (Na) in the Valencia rootstock trial, while Cleopatra and Emperor mandarin rootstocks showed slightly higher leaf Na levels than most other rootstocks tested. The 2 citranges, mandarin, rough lemon, and Rangpur lime rootstocks induced higher boron (B) concentrations in leaves of navel orange compared with other rootstocks but they were still in the adequate range for citrus (Reuter and Robinson 1986), while sweet orange rootstocks had lower levels. Emperor mandarin scion on all rootstocks tested had the lowest B levels. Concentrations of iron and copper were rarely influenced by scion or rootstock. Rootstock significantly influenced leaf manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) levels in a number of trials, but scion effects were minor. In comparison with all other rootstocks, rough lemon induced higher Mn levels in some cases; sweet orange rootstocks gave higher leaf Zn levels in other cases; while Rangpur lime induced higher Mn and Zn levels in trees grown in the lime soil trial. In the first 3 trials, concentrations of Zn and Mn were low in many of the rootstocks and scions, indicating a need for a second micronutrient spray per growing season.

Effect of salinity level on uptake and distribution of chloride, sodium and potassium ions in citrus plants

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Walker ◽  
TJ Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Seedlings of the Citrus rootstocks Rangpur lime (Citrus reticulata var. austera hybrid?), Kharna khatta (C. karna Raf.) and Etrog citron (C. medica L.), were grown in a porous medium under glasshouse conditions and irrigated with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mM NaCl for 6 weeks. Chloride concentrations in roots of all three rootstocks were increased by salt treatment. Increasing the level of salinity from 25 to 100 mM NaCl did not increase further the chloride concentrations in roots of any rootstock, implying an upper limit to the extent of chloride loading in roots. The upper limit appeared to be similar for all rootstocks. Differences between the rootstocks were found in chloride concentrations in leaves and to a lesser extent in stems, emphasizing pronounced rootstock differences in root to shoot transport of chloride, i.e. in their ability for chloride exclusion. This ability increased in the order: Etrog citron, Kharna khatta, and Rangpur lime. Root, stem and leaf sodium concentrations increased with salt treatment, but a concurrent reduction in potassium concentrations with salt treatment occurred only in roots and stems. Shoot growth of Etrog citron and Kharna khatta plants was reduced significantly by 50 mM NaCl, but growth of Rangpur lime plants showed a marked reduction only at 100 mM NaCl. Shoot-growth and salt-induced changes in the concentrations of chloride, sodium and potassium in leaves and roots of each rootstock were unaffected by sodium to calcium ratios in the range 6.25 : 1 to 25 : 1 for plants treated with 50 mM NaCl, and in the range 12.5 : 1 to 50 : 1 for plants treated with 100 mM NaCl. Shoot growth and ion uptake patterns

scholarly journals Rootstocks for 'Tahiti' lime

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa Maria Colauto Stenzel ◽  
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

The 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) is an important commercial citrus cultivar in Brazil. 'Rangpur' lime has being used as its main rootstock, but it is susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora, reducing tree longevity. An experiment was set up in a randomized block design, with three trees per plot of each rootstock and four replicates, and run for 12 years, aiming to compare the performance of 'IAC-5 Tahiti' lime, budded on 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osb.); 'C-13' citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); 'African' rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.); 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.); trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); 'Sunki' mandarin (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.) and 'Cleopatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.). Eleven years after the establishment of the orchard, trees with the greatest canopy development were budded on 'C-13' citrange and 'African' rough lemon, and both differed significantly from trees budded on trifoliate orange, 'Sunki' and 'Cleopatra' mandarins, which presented the smallest canopy development. Trees budded on 'Rangpur' lime and 'C-13' citrange had the highest cumulative yields, and were different from trees budded on trifoliate orange, 'Cleopatra' and 'Sunki' mandarins. There was no rootstock effect on mean fruit weight and on the total soluble solid/acid ratio in the juice. The 'Rangpur' lime and the 'Cleopatra' mandarin rootstocks reduced longevity of plants.

scholarly journals Eight New Somatic Hybrid Citrus Rootstocks with Potential for Improved Disease Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliezer S. Louzada ◽  
Jude W. Grosseti ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter ◽  
Beatriz Nielsen ◽  
J.L. Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of vigorous tetraploid somatic hybrid plants from eight complementary parental rootstock combinations: Citrus reticulata Blanco (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. aurantium L. (sour orange), C. reticulata (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. jambhiri Lush (rough lemon), C. reticulata (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq. (Volkamer lemon), C. reticulata (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. limonia Osb. (Rang-pur), C. sinensis (L.) Osb. (Hamlin sweet orange) + C. limonia (Rangpur), C. aurantium (sour orange) + C. volkameriana (Volkamer lemon) zygotic seedling, C. auruntium hybrid (Smooth Flat Seville) + C. jambhiri (rough lemon), and C. sinensis (Valencia sweet orange) + Carrizo citrange [C. paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. Diploid plants were regenerated from nonfused callus-derived protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange and Smooth Flat Seville and from nonfused leaf protoplasts of sour orange, Rangpur, rough lemon, and Volkamer lemon. Regenerated plants were classified according to leaf morphology, chromosome number, and leaf isozyme profiles. All somatic hybrid plants were tetraploid (2n = 4× = 36). One autotetraploid plant of the Volkamer lemon zygotic was recovered, apparently resulting from a homokaryotic fusion. These eight new citrus somatic hybrids have been propagated and entered into field trials.

scholarly journals First record of a Hop stunt viroid variant on Nagpur mandarin and Mosambi sweet orange trees on rough lemon and Rangpur lime rootstocks

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ramachandran ◽  
J. Agarwal ◽  
A. Roy ◽  
D. K. Ghosh ◽  
D. R. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
First Record ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Orange Trees

Effect of calcium sprays on the severity of internal browning in Brussels sprouts

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Millikan ◽  
EN Bjarnason ◽  
BC Hanger
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Internal Browning ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Five scions and ten rootstocks were tested in an eight-year trial at Irymple, near Mildura, Victoria. The scions were two old-line Lisbons, a nucellar Eureka, and two old-line Eurekas. Cumulative yields averaged for the ten rootstocks and expressed as a percentage of the best scion were : Rix Lisbon 100, Doncaster Lisbon 99, Frost Nucellar Eureka 95, Rodwell Eureka 89, and Villa Franca Eureka 73. The rootstocks, with their percentage yields in parentheses, were : Rough lemon (100), Cavanagh sweet orange (90), Symons sweet orange (84), Marsh grapefruit (73, Cox sweet orange (74), Cleopatra mandarin (72). Seville sour orange (721, Sampson tangelo (69), Emperor mandarin (69), and Carrizo citrange (30). The poor performance of Carrizo citrange is discussed in terms of virus infection and incompatibility. The incidence and importance of scion overgrowth is also reported and discussed.

Midseason oranges for juice production

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Sarooshi ◽  
RJ Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Troyer Citrange

Juice quality, yield performance, and cropping efficiency of 6 midseason orange varieties (Hamlin, Parramatta, Pineapple, Joppa, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet), together with Seedless Valencia on 4 rootstocks [Troyer citrange, Poncirus trifoliata, rough lemon, and either Benton citrange (coastal) or sweet orange (inland)], were studied for their suitability for both processed and fresh orange juice production. Promising midseason varieties for processed orange juice were Parramatta and Hamlin on Troyer citrange, and Parramatta on P. trifoliata, when grown in coastal districts. Debittered juice of Joppa on Troyer citrange could also be used for processing by early September on the coast. Preferred inland varieties for production of processed orange juice were Mediterranean Sweet and Harnlin on Troyer citrange. Midseason oranges grown inland had higher citric acid levels than the same variety grown on the coast. This resulted in inland fruit having lower ratios of total soluble solids (TSS) to acid, and later maturities, than fruit grown on the coast. Acceptable fresh orange juice was produced from fruit of Parramatta, Hamlin, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet varieties grown on Troyer citrange rootstock in coastal districts; inland, fruit of Mediterranean Sweet, Joppa, Parramatta, and White Siletta varieties on Troyer citrange rootstock produced good quality, fresh orange juice. Hamlin can also be marketed as fresh fruit. In coastal production areas, harvesting can commence from mid July for Hamlin, from mid to late August for Parramata, and from early September for White Siletta and Mediterranean Sweet. Harvest in inland districts for processed juice should commence in mid July for Hamlin and in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, whilst harvest for fresh juice and/or fruit should proceed in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, and in late September for Parramatta, White Siletta, and Joppa. Highest fruit yields and large trees were produced by Parramatta and Joppa on Troyer citrange and rough lemon rootstocks. Most quality characteristics were better for fruit produced on Troyer citrange than on rough lemon. Both Benton citrange and sweet orange performed poorly and are not recommended as rootstocks for midseason oranges. All varieties on Troyer citrange had better yield and TSS/ha than those on P. trifoliata rootstock, which produced smaller but highly cropping efficient trees.

Water Relations and Ion Concentrations of Leaves on Salt-Stressed Citrus Plants

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Walker ◽  
E Torokfalvy ◽  
AM Grieve ◽  
LD Prior
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Grafted plants of Valencia orange scion [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on six different rootstocks were grown under glasshouse conditions and supplied with dilute nutrient solution containing either 0 or 75 mM NaCl. Salt treatment was increased to 150 mM NaCl after 49 days. Leaf water relations and leaf chloride, sodium and potassium concentrations were followed throughout the period of salt treatment until day 105, when salt treatment ceased, and thereafter until day 140. Seedlings of Rangpur lime (C. reticulata var. austera hybrid?), Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata) and sweet orange (C.sinensis) were treated similarly and leaf water relations and chloride concentrations were followed until salt treatment ceased on day 77. All Valencia-rootstock combinations adjusted osmotically to the salt stress imposed and maintained turgor pressures at or above control values. Mature leaves on seedlings of sweet orange behaved similarly to Valencia orange leaves on sweet orange rootstocks by maintaining turgor pressures higher than control values. In contrast, mature leaves on seedlings of the genotypes Rangpur lime and Cleopatra mandarin tended to lose turgor during the period of treatment with 150 mM NaCl. Leaf chloride analyses indicated that Rangpur lime and Cleopatra mandarin rootstocks restricted the uptake and/or transport of chloride to shoots. However, comparatively high concentrations of sodium (>approx. 200 mM, tissue water basis) were accumulated in mature leaves on all rootstocks during salt treatment. Leaf potassium concentrations remained similar to control values. The reduction in osmotic potential in mature Valencia leaves on rough lemon (C. jambhiri), Trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata), Camzo citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata) and sweet orange rootstocks on day 77 could be accounted for largely by the increase in sodium and chloride, whereas chloride (as NaCl) accounted for only approximately 50% of the reduction in osmotic potential in Valencia leaves on Rangpur lime and Cleopatra mandarin rootstocks. Stomatal resistances in mature Valencia leaves on all rootstocks were increased by salt treatment and showed only partial recovery after the cessation of salt treatment. The incomplete recovery may have been associated with the retention in leaves of high concentrations of sodium.

Accumulation and Metabolism of Bromacil in Pineapple Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) and Cleopatra Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Jordan ◽  
W. A. Clerx
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Minor Metabolite ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Conjugated Metabolites ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Young orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck ‘Pineapple sweet orange’] trees are more sensitive to bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) than young mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Cleopatra mandarin’) trees. Pineapple sweet orange roots absorbed twice as much 14C from bromacil, and accumulated three times as much in the leaves, as did Cleopatra mandarin. The amount of conjugated metabolites formed was the same in the roots of the two cultivars, but twice as much formed in the leaves of Cleopatra mandarin as in the leaves of Pineapple sweet orange. The principle metabolite was 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-hydroxymethyluracil; a minor metabolite was tentatively identified as 5-bromo-3-(3-hydroxyl-1-methylpropyl)-6-methyluracil. No 5-bromouracil was detected. Citrus cultivars differ in their ability to accumulate and metabolize bromacil into conjugated nonphytotoxic compounds.

scholarly journals Pathological Characterization and Molecular Analysis of Elsinoe Isolates Causing Scab Diseases of Citrus in Jeju Island in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-W. Hyun ◽  
L. W. Timmer ◽  
S.-C. Lee ◽  
S.-H. Yun ◽  
S.-W. Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Two scab diseases are recognized currently on citrus: (i) citrus scab caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, which has several pathotypes; and (ii) sweet orange scab caused by E. australis. Pathogenicity and cultural characteristics among 36 isolates collected from Jeju Island were investigated. Of 30 isolates from satsuma mandarin, yuzu, and kinkoji, all were E. fawcettii; 27 were similar to the Florida broad host range pathotype and 3 were similar to the Florida narrow host range pathotype by inoculation of differential hosts. Six isolates from natsudaidai were nonpathogenic to satsuma mandarin, rough lemon, sour orange, grapefruit, cleopatra mandarin, and natsudaidai leaves, and were only pathogenic to natsudaidai fruit. Isolates from natsudaidai usually produced unique tomentose colonies on potato dextrose agar compared with isolates from other citrus species. The colonies were relatively fast growing, radially sulcate, larger, and more expansive than the gummy, mucoid colonies of other isolates. Isolates from Florida, Australia, Argentina, and Jeju Island (Korea) were genetically differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. E. fawcettii from Korea, Florida, and Australia, E. australis from Argentina, and natsudaidai isolates clustered closely within groups, but were clearly distinguishable among groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document