Effects of subsoil acidity and phosphorus placement on growth, root development and phosphorus uptake by Stylosanthes humilis and Desmodium intortum

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton ◽  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Unit Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Absorption

The effects of differing levels of soil acidity and phosphorus (P) deficiency on root growth and P absorption by Stylosanthes hurnilis and Desmodiurn intorturn were studied in columns of an acutely P-deficient soil. Four rates of P were supplied in layers located 15-45 cm (dilute) or 20-25 cm (concentrated) below the soil surface. Calcium carbonate was added to some columns to raise the pH of the subsoil from 5.4 to 5.9 (in water). Yield and P uptake by D. intorturn without lime was always lower than yield and uptake by S. humilis, and there was little response to lime by either species at low P rates. At the highest P rate, however, there was a large interaction between lime and P placement for D. intortum. S. humilis produced finer roots and had a greater root density than D. intorturn in the fertilized layer; it also responded in root fineness to concentrated P and to lime. D. intortum did not respond in root fineness, but the highest rate of concentrated P with lime stimulated P absorption and transport as well as shoot growth. Efficiency of P uptake (i.e. per unit length of root) did not account for the differences between species. The success of S. hurnilis was due to its ability to exploit acidic soil layers under conditions of low P supply by forming dense masses of fine roots, rather than to an innate highly efficient P uptake.

scholarly journals Water and phosphorus uptake by upland rice root systems unraveled under multiple scenarios: linking a 3D soil-root model and data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Hieu Mai ◽  
Pieterjan De Bauw ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Erik Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant P Uptake

AbstractBackground and aimsUpland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited and these two factors interact on P bioavailability. To better understand this interaction, mechanistic models representing small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere of full-grown root systems are needed.MethodsRice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three different P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, suboptimal, non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity versus drying periods). Root architectural parameters and P uptake were determined. Using a multiscale model of water and nutrient uptake, in-silico experiments were conducted by mimicking similar P and water treatments. First, 3D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating an architecure model with observed phenological root data, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters, and root biomass allocation along depth. Secondly, the multiscale model was informed with these 3D root architectures and the actual transpiration rates. Finally, water and P uptake were simulated.Key resultsThe plant P uptake increased over threefold by increasing P and water supply, and drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. Without calibration, simulation results adequately predicted P uptake, including the different effects of drying periods on P uptake at different P levels. However, P uptake was underestimated under P deficiency, a process likely related to an underestimated affinity of P uptake transporters in the roots. Both types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) are shown to be highly important for both water and P uptake, and the relative contribution of each type depend on both soil P availability and water dynamics. Key drivers in P uptake are growing root tips and the distribution of laterals.ConclusionsThis model-data integration demonstrates how multiple co-occurring single root phene responses to environmental stressors contribute to the development of a more efficient root system. Further model improvements such as the use of Michaelis constants from buffered systems and the inclusion of mycorrhizal infections and exudates are proposed.

scholarly journals Substrate Acidification by Geranium: Light Effects and Phosphorus Uptake

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Substrate Ph

Sudden pH decline (SPD) describes the situation where crops growing at an appropriate pH rapidly (within 1–2 weeks) cause the substrate pH to shift downward one to two units. ‘Designer Dark Red’ geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) were grown in three experiments to assess possible effects of light on SPD and phosphorous (P) uptake. The first experiment tested the effect of four light intensities (105, 210, 575, and 1020 ± 25 μmol·m−2·s−1) on substrate acidification. At 63 days, substrate pH declined from 6.0 to 4.8 as light intensity increased. Tissue P of plants grown at the highest two light levels was extremely low (0.10%–0.14% of dry weight). P stress has been reported to cause acidification. Because plants in the two lowest light treatments had adequate P, it was not possible to determine if the drop in substrate pH was a direct light effect or a combination of light and P. The second experiment used a factorial combination of the three highest light levels from Expt. 1 and five preplant P rates (0, 0.065, 0.13, 0.26, or 0.52 g·L−1 substrate) to assess this question. When tissue P concentrations were deficient, pH decreased by 0.6 to 1.0 pH units within 2 weeks and deficiency occurred more often with high light intensity. These data indicated that P deficiency caused substrate acidification and indicated the possibility that P uptake was suppressed by high light intensity. The third experiment was conducted in hydroponics to determine the direct effect of high light intensity on P uptake. In this experiment, cumulative P uptake per gram root and the rate of P uptake per gram root per day both decreased 20% when light intensity increased from 500 to 1100 μmol·m−2·s−1. It is clear from this study that P deficiency causes geraniums to acidify the substrate and that high light suppresses P uptake.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY SIX POTATO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 614d-614
Author(s):  
William B. Evans ◽  
Darryl D. Warncke
Keyword(s):  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
General Nature ◽  
P Concentration

Six potato cultivars (Atlantic, Sebago, Onaway, Russet Burbank, Lemhi Russet,and Norland) were evaluated for phosphorus uptake efficiency in solution culture. Individual rooted cuttings of each cultivar were transferred from a standard 1/5 Hoagland's solution into solutions containing one of six P concentrations (0.05,0.1,0.22,0.5,1.1 and 2.3mg/l). After a 24h adjustment period P uptake was followed over a 6h period by collecting solution aliquots every two hours. All cultivars depleted the two lowest initial P concentrations to similar stable P concentration. The P uptake rate per unit length of root showed a sigmoidal relationship to the initial P solution concentration. The general nature of the P uptake relation to solution P concentration was similar among the cultivars, although the actual values varied. In general, P uptake rate increased from 5.0 × 10-4 at the lowest concentration to 7.0 × 10-2μg·cm-1·h-1 at the highest P solution concentration.

Phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 1. Effects of phosphorus supply on plant symptoms, yield, components of yield, and plant phosphorus uptake

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Elliott ◽  
D. J. Reuter ◽  
G. D. Reddy ◽  
R. J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
P Deficiency

The effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on plant symptoms, yield, and components of yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Halberd), P uptake, and the distribution of dry weight within plants of variable P status were examined in 2 glasshouse and 5 field experiments. Apart from stunted growth and depressed tillering, the symptoms of acute P deficiency, most noticeable on older leaf blades, were equivocal; they were not always observed on acutely deficient plants and were absent on moderately deficient plants. In glasshouse experiments, the leaves of acutely deficient plants were spindly, erect, and dark green, whereas in field experiments, the leaves were pale green. In acutely P-stressed plants, leaf senescence, phasic development, and anthesis were delayed. The disorder restricted tiller development and therefore the rate of appearance and the number of leaves per plant. It depressed grain yield principally by reducing the number of fertile tillers. Severe P deficiency depressed shoot growth within 15 days of sowing and ultimately reduced plant height, root mass, and grain yield. In all experiments, shoot yield responses to applied P increased progressively until stem elongation (Zadoks Scale 30) and changed little thereafter. As a result, the external requirement for P (i.e. P level required for 90% maximum growth) increased with time during vegetative development in most experiments. Severe P deficiency also affected the distribution of dry matter between the roots and shoots and between the leaf blades and conducting tissues (sheaths and stems). Both of these responses intensified with advancing plant age. Treatment differences in P uptake in shoots also occurred early in growth and persisted until grain maturity. The partitioning of P between roots and shoots favoured P uptake or retention in the roots of P-deficient plants. Under conditions of acute and moderate P stress, the resources of the wheat plant appear to be directed towards maintaining root growth (at least initially), limiting and delaying shoot proliferation, and maximising the leaf : stem ratio. These regulations appear circumstantially to be adaptive mechanisms for conserving suffiient P to ensure the survival of at least 1 weak, but fertile, tiller on each plant.

Response of carrots (Daucus carota L.) to applied phosphorus leaching on a Karrakatta sand, under two irrigation regimes

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR McPharlin ◽  
PM Aylmore ◽  
RC Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
P Leaching

The response of carrots (Daucus carota L.) to applied phosphorus (P) (0-320 kg/ha) and P leaching was investigated on a Karrakatta sand under 2 irrigation regimes (140% of pan evaporation in 2 or 4 applications per day). There was no significant effect of frequency of irrigation on response of carrots to P. Phosphorus at 157 � 57 kg/ha was necessary for 99% of maximum yield (95 t/ha) of carrots, which corresponded to maximum economic yield. For 95% of maximum yield 102 � 10 kg/ha was necessary. Applied P at up to 20 kglha resulted in a significant increase in the yield of medium (25-50 mm crown diameter) and large carrots (>50 mm diameter), a decrease in the yield of small (10-25 mm diameter) and very small carrots (<I0 mm diameter), and an increase in root to shoot ratios. Rejects were a constant percentage (9%) of total yield at all rates of applied P. The P concentration (dry weight basis) in youngest mature leaves at midgrowth required for 99% of maximum yield was 0.38 � 0.02%. Visual symptoms were not useful for diagnosing P deficiency in carrots because symptoms such as purpling of older leaves were only apparent on severely deficient plants. Phosphorus uptake by both roots and shoots increased with increasing rate of applied P; however, efficiency of P uptake (i.e. P uptake by shoots � roots/P applied, in per cent) decreased with increasing application rate from 27% of applied P at 20 kg/ha to 14% at 320 kg/ha. Eighteen per cent of applied P was taken up by the crop at the rate of P necessary for maximum yield and profit. There was no evidence of soil P leaching below 30 cm except at the highest application rate, and there was no effect of frequency of irrigation on P leaching. This supports evidence that Karrakatta sands have moderate P retention capacity and present a low pollution risk to water systems on the Swan Coastal Plain.

scholarly journals Low Specific Phosphorus Uptake Affinity of Epilithon in Three Oligo- to Mesotrophic Post-mining Lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Konopáčová ◽  
Jiří Nedoma ◽  
Kateřina Čapková ◽  
Petr Čapek ◽  
Petr Znachor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Half Saturation Constant ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mining Lakes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Uptake Velocity

Epilithon contributes to phosphorus (P) cycling in lakes, but its P uptake traits have been rarely studied. We measured the chemical composition of epilithon and its inorganic P uptake kinetics using isotope 33P in three deep oligo- to mesotrophic post-mining lakes in April, July, and October 2019. Over the sampling period, epilithon biomass doubled, while the P content in biomass dropped to 60% of the April values, and the seasonal changes in P content expressed per epilithon area were only marginal and statistically not significant. High epilithic C:P molar ratios (677 on average) suggested strong P deficiency in all investigated lakes. Regarding the kinetic parameters of phosphorus uptake, maximum uptake velocity (Vmax, seasonal range 1.9–129 mg P g OM–1 h–1) decreased by an order of magnitude from April to October, while half-saturation constant (KS, seasonal range 3.9–135 mg P L–1) did not show any consistent temporal trend. Values of epilithic specific P uptake affinity (SPUAE, seasonal range 0.08–3.1 L g OM–1 h–1) decreased from spring to autumn and were two to four orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding values for seston (SPUAsest), which showed an opposite trend. Considering our results, we suggest a possible mechanism underlying a stable coexistence of planktonic and epilithic microorganisms, with plankton prospering mostly in summer and autumn and epilithon in winter and spring season. Additionally, a phenomenon of reversible abiotic P adsorption on epilithon was observed.

Uptake of phosphorus by epilithon in three oligo- to mesotrophic post-mining lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Konopáčová ◽  
Jiří Nedoma ◽  
Kateřina Čapková ◽  
Petr Čapek ◽  
Petr Znachor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Half Saturation Constant ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mining Lakes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Uptake Velocity

Abstract Epilithon contributes to phosphorus (P) cycling in lakes, but its P uptake traits have been rarely studied. We measured the chemical composition of epilithon and its inorganic P uptake kinetics using isotope 33P in three deep oligo- to mesotrophic post-mining lakes in April, July, and October 2019. Over the sampling period, epilithon biomass doubled, while the P content in biomass dropped to 60% of the April values. High epilithic C:P molar ratios (677 on average) suggested strong P deficiency in all investigated lakes. Regarding the kinetic parameters of phosphorus uptake, maximum uptake velocity (Vmax, seasonal range 0.9–101 mg P g OM–1 h–1) decreased by an order of magnitude from April to October, while half-saturation constant (KS, 1.6–103 mg P L–1) did not show any consistent temporal trend. We found a general decrease in the specific P uptake affinity (0.1–2.2 L g OM–1 h–1) and the estimated in-situ P uptake (0.04–2.3 µg P g OM–1 h–1) of epilithon over the season, which might have resulted from changes in epilithon community composition, a decreasing ratio of living biomass to extracellular polymers and detritus, rapid internal recycling, and/or thickening of the epilithic biofilm. Additionally, we observed a phenomenon of reversible abiotic P adsorption on epilithon.

scholarly journals Response of Young Olive Plants (Olea europaea) to Phosphorus Application

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Jiménez-Moreno ◽  
Ricardo Fernández-Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Leaf P

Mist-rooted ‘Picual’ olive cuttings growing in 1.1-L pots containing a mixture of washed sand and perlite were used to induce symptoms of phosphorus (P) deficiency and toxicity and to determine the nutritional status to which these symptoms occur. Plants were growing in a growth chamber at 25 °C day/15 °C night with a 14-hour photoperiod. From late spring to the autumn, plants were placed in a shade house protected from the rain. In the first experiment, plants received the application of 0, 100, 200, or 400 ppm P, and in the second experiment, 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm P. Shoot growth was measured weekly and leaf samples were collected at different dates to determine P concentration. At the end of each experiment, plants were harvested and P was determined to obtain the P uptake by the plants. Phosphorus uptake efficiency (PUE) was estimated as PUE = (P uptake/P applied) × 100. P content increased in plants with the amount of P applied, and accumulated mainly in the roots. Vegetative growth showed a quadratic response, indicating a reduction of growth at the lowers and highest doses of P application. Leaf P concentration below or above which shoot growth was reduced was 0.11% to 0.13%. Symptoms of P deficiency and toxicity were observed in only a few plants. Leaf P concentration of deficient plants was 0.025%, and that of toxicity 0.21%. Toxicity symptoms were similar to that of zinc (Zn) deficiency. PUE was very low, 1.34% to 4.45%, suggesting the low P requirements of the olive.

Sex-specifically responsive strategies to phosphorus availability combined with different soil nitrogen forms in dioecious Populus cathayana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiucheng Liu ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Shuangri Liu ◽  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Supply

Abstract Aims Phosphorus (P) availability and efficiency are especially important for plant growth and productivity. However, the sex-specific P acquisition and utilization strategies of dioecious plant species under different N forms are not clear. Methods This study investigated the responsive mechanisms of dioecious Populus cathayana females and males based on P uptake and allocation to soil P supply under N deficiency, nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) supply. Important Findings Females had a greater biomass, root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL) and shoot P concentration than males under normal P availability with two N supplies. NH4 + supply led to higher total root length, RLD and SRL but lower root tip number than NO3 − supply under normal P supply. Under P deficiency, males showed a smaller root system but greater photosynthetic P availability and higher leaf P remobilization, exhibiting a better capacity to adaptation to P-deficiency than females. Under P deficiency, NO3 − supply increased leaf photosynthesis and PUE but reduced RLD and SRL in females while males had higher leaf P redistribution and photosynthetic PUE than NH4 + supply. Females had a better potentiality to cope with P deficiency under NO3 − supply than NH4 + supply; the contrary was true for males. These results suggest that females may devote to increase in P uptake and shoot P allocation under normal P availability, especially under NO3 − supply, while males adopt more efficient resource use and P remobilization to maximum their tolerance to P-deficiency.

scholarly journals Synergy between a shallow root system with a DRO1 homologue and localized P application improves P uptake of lowland rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Oo ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Mana Mukai ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application

AbstractImproved phosphorus (P) use efficiency for crop production is needed, given the depletion of phosphorus ore deposits, and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has been little understood. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots after placing P near the roots at transplanting (P-dipping). The experiment identified that the P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the plant base of the soil surface layer where the qsor1-NIL had the greatest root biomass and root surface area despite no genotyipic differences in total values, whereby the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The superior surface root development of qsor1-NIL could have facilitated P uptakes from the P hotspot, implying that P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

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