Enzymic diagnosis of copper deficiency in subterranean clover. II. A simple field test

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Delhaize ◽  
JF Loneragan ◽  
J Webb
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Dark Blue

A rapid, simple and robust field test is described for diagnosing copper deficiency in subterranean clover plants by measuring ascorbate oxidase activity in young folded leaf blades (YFL) homogenized in phosphate buffer. The test measures activity by counting the drops of iodine required to titrate, to a dark blue end-point, excess ascorbic acid added to and incubated for 20 min with a YFL homogenate. When reagent control titrations had titres of 11 drops of iodine, YFL homogenates from copper-adequate plants had titres of 2-3 drops, from copper-deficient plants 6-11, and from plants with marginal copper supply 4-5 drops. The test was standardized against the measurement of ascorbate oxidase activity in YFL by oxygen uptake. Ascorbate oxidase activity was remarkably insensitive to assay temperature, decreasing by only one-third with decreasing temperature from 30 to 10�C. It was also very stable in both homogenates and whole leaves. At room temperature, activity dropped by only 25% in homogenates after 6 h and in whole leaf blades after 48 h. When stored in ice, leaf blades retained full activity for at least 5 days. Diagnosis of copper deficiency by the new test agreed closely with diagnosis based on copper analysis of young open leaves taken from the same subterranean clover plants in field pastures. The test should allow extension workers to give on-the-spot advice about the copper status of pastures containing subterranean clover.

Enzymic diagnosis of copper deficiency in subterranean clover. I. Relationship of ascorbate oxidase activity in leaves to plant copper status

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Loneragan ◽  
E Delhaize ◽  
J Webb
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Relationship Of

Ascorbate oxidase activity in leaf blades of various ages was examined in relation to copper supply to subterranean clover cv. Seaton Park grown in the glasshouse on a copper-deficient sand. At each copper level, ascorbate oxidase activity per g fresh weight was highest in the youngest leaf blades and declined steeply with age; activity per leaf remained relatively constant with leaf age. On either basis, and in leaf blades of each age category, ascorbate oxidase activity followed copper level. The activity per young folded leaf (YFL) was chosen as the most suitable criterion for a diagnostic test of copper deficiency. Ascorbate oxidase activity per YFL correlated closely with the response to copper of the dry matter yield of plant tops. Activity per YFL also correlated closely with copper concentrations in the youngest open leaf (YOL). These correlations held for Seaton Park subterranean clover when nitrogen was supplied either as NH4NO3 or by symbiotic fixation. Ascorbate oxidase activity in YFL of Mt Barker subterranean clover grown at varying copper levels in the field also correlated closely with YOL copper concentrations in the same plants. Moreover, subterranean clover plants deficient in any one of six other nutrients (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc) all had ascorbate oxidase activities above the suggested critical value for adequate copper supply. It is suggested that ascorbate oxidase activity in YFL can be used as a specific and sensitive test for the copper status of subterranean clover, with activities of = 50 nmol O2/min per leaf indicating deficiency, = 100 indicating sufficiency, and 50-100 indicating a marginal copper supply.

Some effects of soil waterlogging on the cobalt and copper status of pasture plants grown in pots

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Adams ◽  
JL Honeysett
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Soil Waterlogging ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Very High ◽  
Pasture Plants ◽  
And Copper Status

Glass-house experiments were made to measure the effect of soil waterlogging on the cobalt and copper status of subterranean clover and ryegrass. The cobalt content of the plants was much increased by soil waterlogging. Very high plant cobalt contents were obtained when soil was waterlogged for 2 months at room temperature, or for shorter periods at higher temperatures, before planting; or when it was waterlogged while the plants were growing rapidly. The effect of waterlogging on the cobalt content persisted when soils were stored air-dry. Soil waterlogging raised the copper content of the plants much less than it did the cobalt. The copper content was significantly increased only when plants had been severely stunted by waterlogging. Waterlogging raised the plant cobalt content more than it reduced the yield. Thus the total uptake of cobalt, but not of copper, from the soil was increased by waterlogging.

scholarly journals Copper deficiency in chicks: effects of ascorbic acid on iron, copper, cytochrome oxidase activity, and aortic mucopolysaccharides

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hunt ◽  
Joanne Landesman ◽  
P. M. Newberne
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Aortic Rupture ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides

1. Copper deficiency was induced in newly hatched chicks by feeding on a milk-based diet for 12 d; effects of supplementation with ascorbic acid were studied.2. Cu deficiency alone resulted in 30% mortality from aortic rupture. This was associated with a 20% increase in total acid mucopolysaccharides in the aorta, manifested as an increase in chondroitin sulphate and a relative decrease in hyaluronic acid. Cytochrome oxidase activity of liver and heart was less than half that of the controls.3. Supplementing the Cu-deficient diet with 0.5 % L-ascorbic acid increased mortality to 40%, raised total aortic acid mucopolysaccharides to a higher level, and increased liver iron by 36%.4. Supplementing the control diet with ascorbic acid decreased liver Cu by 30% and significantly reduced total aortic acid mucopolysaccharides.5. The enhancement of the Cu-deficiency effect by ascorbic acid probably results from interactions between ascorbic acid and absorption or metabolism of Cu; untoward effects of supplementing the control diet with ascorbic acid may be interpreted as manifestations of ascorbic acid toxicity per se.

scholarly journals Interrelationships between copper deficiency and dietary ascorbic acid in the rabbit

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hunt ◽  
W. W. Carlton ◽  
P. M. Newberne
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

1. Copper deficiency was induced in growing rabbits and the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation were studied.2. Signs of Cu deficiency, including reduced growth, achromotrichia and alopecia, anaemia, and gross alterations in the bones of the forelimbs, developed most rapidly in those animals fed ascorbic acid.3. Microscopic lesions in ossification centres were seen only in bones of rabbits which hadm received the vitamin.4. Calcium and phosphorus contents of ash from cortical bone were not changed.5. Compared with the controls, the concentration of liver Cu decreased and that of iron increased (> 50%) in Cu-deficient animals.6. Cytochrome oxidase activity was reduced in liver and heart in Cu-deficient animals; this effect was accentuated in heart preparations from animals fed ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Increasing Ascorbic Acid Content and Salinity Tolerance of Cherry Tomato Plants by Suppressed Expression of the Ascorbate Oxidase Gene

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima F. Abdelgawad ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Mogy ◽  
Mohamed I. A. Mohamed ◽  
Cecile Garchery ◽  
Rebecca G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Elevated Activity

Ascorbic acid is considered to be one of the most important antioxidants in plants and plays a vital role in the adaptation of plants to unfavorable conditions. In the present study, an ascorbate oxidase gene (Solyc04g054690) was over-expressed in cherry tomato cv. West Virginia 106 lines and compared with previously studied RNAi silenced ascorbate oxidase lines. Two lines with lower ascorbate oxidase activity (AO−15 and AO−42), two lines with elevated activity (AO+14 and AO+16), and the non-transgenic line (WVa106) were grown and irrigated with 75 mM and 150 mM NaCl in 2015 and 2016. Growth, yield, and chemical composition of the lines under salinity stress were evaluated. Lines with lower ascorbate oxidase activity resulted in higher plant growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, flower, and cluster number in 2015 and stem diameter and flower number in 2016), and improved fruit quality (firmness in 2016 and soluble solid content in 2015) and total yield per plant under salinity stress over both years. In addition, we show that ascorbic acid, lycopene, and carotene contents of fruits were higher in lines with lower ascorbate oxidase activity compared to lines with elevated activity and the non-transgenic line under conditions of moderate and high salinity in both years.

Effects of lime and copper on subterranean clover grown on acid soil.

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Deficiency Symptom ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The results of a field experiment on two acid podzolized soils in the Heytesbury area, Victoria, are presented. Nutrient elements were tested on a phalaris (Phalaris tuberosa L.) - subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) pasture on an area cleared from heath and on an adjoining area cleared from timber with an understorey of heath. Responses of clover to lime and copper, and interactions between these treatments were obtained. There was no response to potash, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iron, magnesium, or boron on either soil. Lime increased the yield of clover at both sites, the greater effect occurring on the area cleared from timber. The effect of lime was not due to the release of soil molybdenum. Lime corrected defective nodulation, increased the survival of the plants, and to some extent also increased the yield of individual plants. The relative significance of these effects of lime in determining the final yield of clover per acre is discussed. The effect of copper was very different on the two soils. On the area cleared from heath, copper deficiency was severe. Here, copper increased the yield in the absence as well as in the presence of lime. The effect was considerably greater in the presence of lime, and this positive interaction was highly significant. Copper increased the number of plants per unit area and the yield of individual clover plants. On the area cleared from timber, copper decreased the yield in the absence of lime. Where lime had been applied, the effect of copper on the yield, though not significant, was positive. The evidence presented indicates that copper is also required on this soil. A copper deficiency symptom of subterranean clover is described. It is suggested that the copper status of the soils may influence the distribution of trees in the area.

scholarly journals Contents of Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbate Oxidase Activity in Fresh Herbs.

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 636-640
Author(s):  
Kazuki YAMAWAKI ◽  
Noriko MORITA ◽  
Kouichi MURAKAMI ◽  
Takao MURATA
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase
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