Possibility of using caustic residue from bauxite for improving the chemical and physical properties of sandy soils

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Western Australian

Large quantities of alkaline red mud are produced as a waste product from the extraction of alumina from bauxite. Its chemical and physical properties and the way that it could be modified to produce good growth of plants were investigated. The cation exchange capacity of the red mud increased with pH, the adsorption of phosphate decreased, and the adsorption of cadmium increased. A pH of just above eight seemed to provide a good combination of desirable properties. This could be achieved by exposing the red mud to air and mixing it with gypsum - also available as a waste product. Carbon dioxide was absorbed by alkaIi in the red mud, and then precipitated by the gypsum as calcium carbonate. This released sodium sulfate which could be leached from the mud. Medic species could then be grown, provided that phosphate, potassium and manganese were supplied. Residual sodium sulfate from incomplete leaching seemed to limit the growth of other species. There seemed to be a potential to use the amended red mud to improve the waterholding properties and the chemical properties of sandy soils of the Western Australian coastal plain.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Beberapa Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisika Tanah pada Pertumbuhan 30 Famili Uji Keturunan Jati (Tectona grandis) Umur 10 Tahun

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryono Prehaten ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Suryo Hardiwinoto ◽  
Mohammad Na'iem ◽  
Haryono Supriyo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Available P ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Organic C

Pertumbuhan tanaman dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang sangat memengaruhi pertumbuhan adalah sifat kimia dan fisika tanah. Beberapa famili jati yang ditanam pada lokasi yang berbeda diduga mempunyai respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan (tinggi dan diameter) tanaman jati dari 30 famili yang ditanam pada dua lokasi yang berbeda, secara khusus untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik sifat kimia dan fisika tanah pada pertumbuhan jati di dua lokasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan 30 famili jati yaitu tinggi total tanaman dan diameter setinggi dada. Sampel tanah diambil dengan terlebih dahulu membuat lubang profil tanah berukuran 1 m × 1 m dengan kedalaman 1 meter kemudian sampel diambil dari kedalaman 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, dan 40-60 cm. Sifat kimia yang diamati adalah pH H2O, C Organik, N total, P, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia serta Kapasitas Pertukaran Kation (KPK), sedangkan sifat fisik yang diukur adalah tekstur. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan melakukan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter diameter tanaman, semua (30) famili tanaman jati menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata di antara dua lokasi, sedangkan parameter tinggi hanya sebagian kecil famili yang berbeda nyata. Karakter kimia dan fisik tanah juga menunjukkan perbedaan nyata di antara dua lokasi. Parameter kimia tanah yaitu pH H2O, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia, berbeda nyata antara 2 lokasi sedangkan kandungan C Organik, P tersedia dan KPK tidak berbeda nyata. Sementara dari sifat fisiknya, kandungan lempung dan debu pada dua lokasi berbeda nyata, sedangkan kandungan pasirnya tidak berbeda secara nyata. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan beberapa sifat tanah memang memengaruhi respon tanaman jati dalam hal pertumbuhan baik tinggi maupun diameternya. The Effect of Soil Chemical and Physical Characteristics on Growth of 30 Families of Teak (Tectona grandis) in a 10-year-old Progeny TestAbstractSome environmental factors that greatly affect plant growth are soil’s physical and chemical properties. Some teak families planted at different locations alleged to have different growth responses. This study aimed to investigate the growth response of teak (height and diameter) from 30 families, and to determine the effect of soil chemical and physical characteristics on teak growth in two different locations. Teaks were measured for total height and diameter at breast height. Soil pits (size: 1 m x 1 m and 1 m in depth) were dug and samples were taken from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth. Soil characteristics measurement were conducted on pH (H2O), organic carbon, total Nitrogen, available P, K, Ca, and Mg, also the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Further, soil physical properties been measured was soil texture. Statistical analysis was performed by t- test. The results showed that teak’s diameter of all 30 families, showed significant differences between the two locations, while only a small proportion of height parameters significantly differed among families. Chemical and physical characters of the soil also showed differences between the two locations. Soil pH (H2O), available K, Ca, and Mg, were significantly differed between the two locations while the content of organic C, available P and the CEC were not significantly differed. For the soil physical properties, content of clay and silt in two location significantly differed whereas the sand content did not differ significantly. These differences indicate that some properties of the soil were affecting the growth response of teak famili in terms of both height and diameter.

Effect of grazing on chemical and physical properties of an earthy sand in the Western Australian Mulga Zone

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Western Australian

An earthy sand supporting a mulga shrubland community in the arid winter rainfall zone in Western Australia is characterized in terms of its chemical and physical properties. In this study, changes in these properties with overgrazing were investigated. Nutrient levels were low in relation to some soils supporting mulga communities elsewhere in Australia. Marked accumulations of total N, organic C and exchangeable Ca occurred in the hummocks of wind blown material surrounding surface obstructions. Improved water relationships are probably responsible for the abundance of ephemeral growth on such areas, and for their subsequent chemical enrichment. Changes in chemical properties with depth were evident for pH, total N, organic C, available P and exchangeable Mg with values decreasing from the 0-2 cm layer to the 2-10 cm layer in all cases. Chemical changes associated with overgrazing were restricted to the 0-2 cm layer. Some trends towards lower levels of organic C, total N, and available P could be distinguished, particularly for organic C and total N in hummock surfaces, but chemical parameters generally did not provide a sensitive measure of grazing impact. Sorptivity varied between the sandy and crusted phases of the soil mosaic and was reduced on sites in very poor condition. Sorptivity changes under grazing were apparently mediated partly by changes in the structural properties of the soil crust. There was no significant effect of overgrazing on either the bulk density of the surface (sub-crust) soil or on summer surface temperatures.

scholarly journals Soil fertility management for groundnut in the lowveld of Mpumalanga and north coastal plain of KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Zharare
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Smallholder groundnut production contributes substantially to food security in Mpumalanga Lowveld (MLV) and in Manguzi, the northern coastal plain (NCP) of KwaZulu Natal (KZN), both of which are dominated by infertile structureless sandy soils. A study was conducted to obtain information on the chemical properties of the soils to guide fertilizer management for optimizing groundnut production on these soils. Soil samples were collected from representative sites in  MLV and NCP, and analysed for pH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorous (P), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in the peg-zone (0-10 cm depth), root zone (10-40 cm depth) and subsoil (40-60 cm depth). The soils were largely acidic, with pH mostly falling below 5.5. The basic cation concentrations were generally low, and so were Zn and Mn concentrations. Nonetheless, with the exception of P and Mn, the soil concentrations of the other nutrients analysed were within ranges considered adequate for vegetative and reproductive growth of groundnut, though Zn was marginally so. General fertility management recommendations to inform agricultural extension are provided for groundnut production on the sandy soils based on the chemical analyses of the soils.

Sorption-desorption behaviour of caesium in some Western Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Singh ◽  
RJ Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
137Cs Technique ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Different Soils

Soil caesium-137 derived from past atmospheric nuclear tests is increasingly being used as an indicator of soil erosion and deposition on the basis that fallout 137Cs has been retained by soils, although this assumption has not been thoroughly tested for different soils. The sorption behaviour of some Western Australian soils indicates that Cs is differentially sorbed as a consequence of differences in clay mineralogy. Kaolinitic sandy soils of low exchange capacity sorb Cs in preference to Ca and Na, with the specificity for Cs being higher at lower concentrations of Cs in solution. lllitic and smectitic soils sorbed more Cs than kaolinitic soils and retained more than 50% of sorbed Cs after a series of extractions with salt solutions. Retention by kaolinitic soils was less but, for the concentrations of Cs likely to occur in soils, it seems that most Cs is retained so that it is probable that the 137Cs technique can be used with confidence for the measurement of soil erosion and deposition for many Western Australian soils.

The liming effect of bauxite processing residue (red mud) on sandy soils

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Snars ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. T. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Soil Liming ◽  
Red Muds ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Water Repellence

Bauxite residue (red mud) is produced in large amounts in alumina refineries as a waste product of the Bayer process. This material has the potential to be used as a soil liming agent due to its high pH and high acid neutralisation capacity. Soil incubation experiments compared red mud from several Australian and overseas refineries to estimate its liming effect relative to lime (CaCO3). Two acid (pH 4.3, 4.6) sandy soils were mixed with 8 rates of 17 red muds, 3 limes, and NaOH. Values of EC and pH were measured at 1, 4, and 16 weeks incubation. Each red mud produced a different buffering curve when added to soil, although the shapes of curves could be classified into 5 behavioural groups. The liming equivalent of red mud decreased with increasing target soil pH. For a target pH of 6 the lime equivalent of the red muds was 11–42% for soil 1 and 13–50% for soil 2. No single characteristic of red mud could be used to accurately predict the liming equivalent, as its liming effect is due to several, variable constituents (e.g. free caustic, sodalite, calcite). The pH reached for a certain rate of addition of red mud to soil can be estimated from a comparison of the buffering (titration) curves of both the soil and the red mud. In every case, CaCO3 had a much larger liming capacity than red mud and red mud may not be an economical alternative to lime except where other benefits are associated with its use (e.g. lower cost, decreased P leaching, reduced water repellence).

Effect of soil amendment with bauxite Bayer process residue (red mud) on the availability of phosphorus in very sandy soils

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Snars ◽  
Robert Gilkes ◽  
Jeffrey Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Very High ◽  
P Retention

The chemical properties of red mud, a by-product of Bayer process refining of bauxite to alumina, make disposal of the material problematic. It is very alkaline (pH >11), contains a large amount of sesquioxides, and thus has a very high P retention capacity. These characteristics have encouraged its use as a soil amendment to enhance P retention of soils so as to reduce leaching of P. To investigate the effect of added red mud on the availability of existing P in sandy soils an incubation experiment was conducted using 3 types of red mud (untreated red mud, red mud amended with 5% gypsum, and red mud leached with dilute acid to remove all soluble salts) mixed with 12 podsol topsoils at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40�t/ha. The mixtures were incubated wet for 28 days in the dark at 20°C, both with and without a microbial inhibitor. The decrease in 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus (bic-P) was 40–60% of initial bic-P at 40 t/ha of all 3 red muds after wet incubation without microbial suppressant. This decreased to 20–40% after drying or with addition of the microbial suppressant. The decrease in bic-P was not due to the increase in pH due to red mud application and appears to involve both chemical and microbial actions. The increase in soil pH of up to 3 units would be beneficial for pasture production at most rates of red mud application and the associated increase in electrical conductivity is not sufficient to affect plant growth.

scholarly journals STRONTIUM CONTENT IN SANDY SOILS IN AGRICULTURE FIELDS (CASE STUDY: MOUNDOU, CHAD)

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamssou KOI ◽  
Victor NAGORNY ◽  
Otilija MISECKAITE ◽  
Yuri MAZHAYSKY
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Very High ◽  
And Chemical Properties

During evaluation of physical and chemical properties of sandy soils and theirfertility in Southern part of Republic of Chad it has been revealed that some soilshave very high content of strontium. Its content varies from 10 to 270 mg/kg ofsoil depending on type of soil, depth of soil layers, clay and organic content.Strontium content negatively correlates with total content of calcium andphosphorus in layers of soil. Low CEC (CEC - Cation-exchange capacity) of soilmay be a reason of possible translocation of strontium from higher to lower layersof soils. Strontium content in soils do not relates with level of radioactivity of soilmeasured. The highest content of strontium has been found in soils developed onsome eolian and colluvio-alluvium deposits. Some researchers hypothesize thatsome endemic and chronic diseases such as Kashin-Beck disease, `Dysostosisenchondralis endemic`, endemic hoiter, osteoarthritis might be caused by highcontent of strontium in water and plant foods contaminated with it. Absence ofconsensus on etiological factors of these diseases confirms that it is worthconsidering necessity of further studies of different affects of high content ofstrontium in water and foods on human health directly or indirectly throughcausing misbalance in mineral nutrition.

The effects of nitrogen nutrition of plants on the development of acidity in Western Australian soils. I. Effects with subterranean clover grown under leaching conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Jarvis ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Exchange Acidity

Subterranean clover was grown, under leaching conditions, in pots on cultivated and virgin acidic sandy soils from two sites in Western Australia. Nitrogen (N) was supplied to the plants either as NH+4, NO-3 or through symbiotic fixation. There were marked changes in the acidity of the soil as the result of the differences in catiot/anion balance induced by the different forms of N supplied. Thus plants supplied with NH+4 depressed the pH by 0.9 pH units, and those dependent upon fixation by 0.5 pH units. There was little change in pH when NO-3 was supplied. Changes in soil pH were strongly related to cation/ anion balance, with increasing acidity resulting from the decreasing ash alkalinity of shoots of plants supplied with NH+4. There were marked differences both between the two soils from the same site, as well as between soils from the two different sites, in the relationships between pH and soluble aluminium and pH and exchange acidity. It is suggested that differences in the form, as well as differences in the total amount, of organic matter could play a major role in controlling the development of acidity in such soils of low, permanent cation exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Coconut fiber biochar alters physical and chemical properties in sandy soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51801
Author(s):  
Simone Francieli Guarnieri ◽  
Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Ferreira Costa Junior ◽  
Jorge Luiz Brito de Faria ◽  
Francisco de Almeida Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Npk Fertilization

This work aimed to characterize the biochar produced from residues of coconut fruit and to evaluate how it might beneficially alter the retention capacity of water and nutrients in soils with a sandy texture. The biochar was produced in a retort furnace and later analyzed to determine its chemical and physical characteristics. Experiments to analyze the retention potential of the biochar for water and nutrients were performed in PVC columns filled to a 400 mm depth, with the upper 300 mm receiving treatments that consisted of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% (p p-1) biochar mixed with soil. For the nutrient retention experiment, in addition to the biochar concentrations, the treatments received the same NPK fertilization. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with four replications. The water retention in the upper 300 mm, as well as the pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of the substrate, base saturation, and concentrations of P and K, increased with increasing biochar concentration. Coconut biochar demonstrated potential for increasing water retention and improving nutrient retention in sandy soils.

scholarly journals Application of modified red mud in environmentally-benign applications: A review paper

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin G. Joseph ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Vigneswar Krishnan ◽  
Gianluca Li Puma
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Novel Applications

Red mud (RM) is a waste product that results from bauxite refining via the Bayer process. Its disposal remains an issue which raises significant environmental concerns, particularly if disposed on land or water bodies. Much research has been done on the use of red mud for environmentally-benign applications such as wastewater treatment, catalysis, the production of construction materials and glass ceramics, and for the recovery of metals. This paper reviews the current efforts made in the utilization of red mud as a valuable industrial by-product, which in turn should minimize its harmful impact on the environment. This detailed review compiles and highlights a variety of novel applications of modified red mud as a coagulant, an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, as well as, its use in catalytic processes and in building materials. The physico-chemical properties of red mud can be tuned by a range of treatment methods include acidification, neutralization and heat treatment. As revealed from the literature reviewed, modifications on red mud for the removal of various types of contaminants have shown promising results. However, further amendment and modifications on red mud are needed to utilize this industrial waste in many other industrial applications.

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