In vitro screening of rumen fluid samples from indigenous African ruminants provides evidence for rumen fluid with superior capacities to digest tannin-rich fodders

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Odenyo ◽  
C. S. McSweeney ◽  
B. Palmer ◽  
D. Negassa ◽  
P. O. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Type Interaction ◽  
Fluid Sources

The capabilities of rumen fluid sources from indigenous African ruminants and hindgut fluid from zebra to ferment leaves of Acacia angustissima, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena pallida, and Tephrosia bracteolata were evaluated to determine the presence of tannin tolerant or degrading microbes. In vitro gas and ammonia production and loss of neutral detergent fibre were estimated as indices for fermentation. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on fermentation was tested. The ability of microorganisms in rumen fluid sources to grow in the presence of tannin extracts or tannic acid was also tested and their disappearance was determined by HPLC. There was a significant (P < 0.001) rumen fluid source × fodder type interaction with all variables studied. The highest gas and ammonia production was from samples incubated with rumen fluid from dik-dik and goat. Addition of PEG enhanced fermentation with various rumen fluid sources and from some plant leaves but its effect was greatest (P < 0.001) in A. angustissima. HPLC results showed that tannin and phenolic monomers were hydrolysed by all rumen fluid sources. The conclusion from this work was that rumen fluid from goat, gazelle, Gunther™s dik-dik, and impala effectively fermented tannin-rich fodders and therefore may harbour tannin tolerant or degrading microorganisms.

scholarly journals In vitro screening as an anthelmintic discovery pipeline for Calicophoron daubneyi: nutritive media and rumen environment-based approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362
Author(s):  
K. M. Huson ◽  
R. M. Morphew ◽  
A. Winters ◽  
A. Cookson ◽  
B. Hauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Compound Screening ◽  
Calicophoron Daubneyi ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Discovery Pipeline ◽  
Production Losses

AbstractParamphistomosis can lead to morbidity and mortality of ruminant livestock within tropical and sub-tropical climates. In recent decades, rumen fluke has become an emerging infection in temperate climates across Western Europe, with Calicophoron daubneyi, the primary species present. Clinical outbreaks with C. daubneyi larvae are reported and adults might be responsible for production losses. There is not currently a widely licensed anthelmintic product available to control C. daubneyi. In this study, three existing flukicide anthelmintics were tested for efficacy against mature C. daubneyi, comparing a standard in vitro culturing assay and a new more relevant rumen fluid based in vitro compound screening protocol. The new rumen based screen confirmed that oxyclozanide was active against adult C. daubneyi and identified activity with praziquantel. The study highlighted the downstream value of incorporating relevant in vitro screening for anthelmintic discovery pipelines.

scholarly journals Kajian In Vitro Kecernaan Fraksi Serat Hijauan Tropis pada Media Cairan Rumen Kambing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Marselinus Hambakodu ◽  
Alexander Kaka ◽  
Yessy Tamu Ina
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan hemiselulosa pada hijauan pakan tropis secara in vitro. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 jenis pakan hijauan tropis dan cairan rumen kambing PE berfistula yang diberi pakan dengan kandungan PK 12% dan TDN 62%. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap 8 perlakuan pakan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = turi (Sesbania grandiflora), P2 = nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus), P3 = pisang (Musa acuminate), P4 = mangga (Mangifera indica L.), P5 = gamal (Gliricidia sepium), P6 = mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.), P7 = kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) dan P8 = lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA taraf 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF, dan kecernaan hemiselulosa berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Hijauan pakan tropis lamtoro, kaliadra dan gamal memiliki kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF lebih tinggi dibandingkan turi, nangka, pisang, mangga, dan mahoni, namun kecernaan hemiselulosa kaliandra, manga dan lamtoro tertinggi. Kesimpulan, hijauan Leucaena leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus, dan Gliricidia sepium memiliki kecernaan NDF tertinggi (70,34%; 66,26% dan 62,29%), dan kecernaan ADF tertinggi (53,79%; 48,08%; dan 58,91%), namun kecernaan hemiselulosa tertinggi adalah Calliandra calothyrsus, Mangifera indica L, dan Leucaena leucocephala (18,18%; 17,80% dan 16,55%).Kata kunci: in vitro, hijauan tropis, kecernaan, serat ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to evaluate neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, and hemicellulose digestibility on tropical browse plants in vitro. The materials used in this research were 8 types of tropical forages and rumen fluid from Etawa Crossbreed goat fistulated with CP 12 % and 62 % TDN. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design of 8 feed treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of P1 = Sesbania grandiflora, P2 = Artocarpus heterophyllus, P3 = Musa acuminata, P4 = Mangifera indica L., P5 = Gliricidia sepium, P6 = Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq, P7 = Calliandra calothyrsus, and P8 = Leucaena leucocephala. Data were analyzed using ANOVA 5%, and continued by Duncan test. The results of the study showed that neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, hemicellulose digestibility were significantly (P<0.05). Tropical forages of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium were highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (70,34% and 62,29%), and highest acid detergent fiber digestibility (57,14% and 58,91%), with hemicellulose digestibility (64,10% and 65,00%).Keywords: digestibility, fiber, tropical browse plants, in vitro

Comparative toxicity responses of goats fed on Leucaena leucocephala in Australia and Hawaii

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones ◽  
RG Megarrity
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Oesophageal Mucosa ◽  
Thyroid Glands

To examine the apparent absence of toxicity in ruminants fed on Leucaena leucocephala in Hawaii, U.S.A., goats were offered comparable diets of Leucaena and lucerne chaff (control) in both Australia and Hawaii over a 7-week period. Intake of mimosine, excretion of the ruminal metabolite 3-hydroxy- 4(1H)-pyridone (DHP), and serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) were measured in both studies. Mean mimosine intakes on the highest Leucaena diets in Australia and Hawaii were similar at about 20 g day-1. In Australia, goats on the all-Leucaena diets became hypothyroid after only 3 weeks of feeding, thyroid glands were enlarged and erosion of the oesophageal mucosa and reticulo-rumen occurred. Excretion of DHP in the urine was related to the daily mirnosine intakes, with recoveries of about 86%. In marked contrast, goats fed on Leucaena in Hawaii exhibited no clinical signs of toxicity and excreted less than 1% of the mirnosine intake as DHP in the urine. No degradation of DHP occurred in vitro with rumen fluid from Australian goats, whereas 71% of the added DHP was degraded after 5 h with rumen fluid from goats in Hawaii. The results support the hypothesis that the differences observed are attributable to a different microbial metabolism of mimosine and DHP in ruminants in Hawaii.

scholarly journals In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Malik Makmur ◽  
Mardiati Zain ◽  
Fauzia Agustin ◽  
Riesi Sriagtula ◽  
Ezi Masdia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Tropical Grass

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an in vitro rumen system. Materials and Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and four species of tree legumes (Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Indigofera zollingeriana). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% P. purpureum + 50% L. leucocephala (LL I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% G. sepium (GS I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% C. calothyrsus (CC I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% I. zollingeriana (IZ I); 75% P. purpureum + 25% L. leucocephala (LL II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% G. sepium (GS II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% C. calothyrsus (CC II); and 75% P. purpureum + 25% I. zollingeriana (IZ II). Each ration was replicated 3 times. In vitro rumen incubation was performed for 48 h, according to the Tilley and Terry method. Determination of the FA profiles of the forage materials and rumen fluid samples was performed using gas chromatography. Results: The percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the forage materials ranged from 34.18% (P. purpureum) to 74.51% (C. calothyrsus). The percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ranged from 5.06% (P. purpureum) to 8.71% (L. leucocephala). The percentage of saturated FA (SFA) was the lowest at 19.12% (C. calothyrsus) and highest at 60.76% (P. purpureum). In vitro BH of C18:3 n-3, C18:2 n-6, C18:1 n-9, and C18 PUFA in the experimental diets ranged from 72% to 100%. The BH of C18:1 n-9 in GS I (80%) and IZ I (72%) was significantly different (p<0.05). The percentage of C18:0 was 10-50% and significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, with the highest (of 50%) in GS II. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile FAs, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility) among the treatments, except in NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The various combinations of tropical legumes do not have significant inhibitory effects on the BH of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, and C18 PUFA after in vitro incubation for 48 h. Furthermore, an increase in the tropical legume ratio in the ration tends to suppress C18:0 formation after the fermentation simulation process. IZ I has the potential to reduce C18:1 n-9 (MUFA) disappearance and yield an ideal rumen fermentation profile.

Inoculation with adapted microbes versus addition of polyethylene glycol as methods to alleviate toxicity of Acacia angustissima leaves in sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. SAARISALO ◽  
A. A. ODENYO ◽  
P. O. OSUJI
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Acacia Angustissima

Methods to alleviate the toxicity of Acacia angustissima (acc. no 15132) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo at ILRI Debre Zeit Research station in Ethiopia in 1997–1998. In an in vitro evaluation, A. angustissima leaves were incubated for 120 h with rumen fluid from Borana steers consuming native hay and cotton seed cake or from free ranging goat and sheep. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight (MW) 4000) increased gas production (4·9 v. 13·9 ml/100 mg dry matter (DM)), ammonia concentration (5·2 v. 9·7 mmol/l) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (380 v. 540 g/kg DM). In an in vivo experiment, Ethiopian highland sheep fed native hay and A. angustissima as a supplement (200 g/d) were inoculated with mixed rumen content from sheep gradually adapted on A. angustissima or were given PEG (MW 4000, 100 g/kg supplement) as methods to alleviate toxicity induced by A. angustissima. Sesbania sesban (acc. no 10865) with and without PEG were fed as a control. Effects on intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance were studied in a 5×5 Latin square experiment. DM intake was increased by all the supplements (P<0·001) even though hay intake was slightly reduced compared to hay only (P<0·05). PEG increased intake of A. angustissima compared to inoculation. There were no significant differences in apparent DM or OM digestibility. Apparent nitrogen digestibility tended to be higher with S. sesban than with A. angustissima (P<0·10) and addition of PEG increased it with A. angustissima (P<0·05). Supplements increased ammonia and VFA concentrations and molar proportion of propionate (P<0·05). Supplements tended to increase microbial nitrogen supply (P<0·10) but there were no significant differences in efficiency of microbial synthesis. Supplements increased nitrogen retention (P<0·01) but due to short periods there were no significant differences in the live weights of sheep. All the animals remained healthy during the experiment suggesting that both methods used alleviated the toxicity of A. angustissima. Addition of PEG was more effective than inoculation in increasing intake and nutritive value of A. angustissima.

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