The influence of watering regimen on soil pH and zince nutrition of soyabean cv. Wills grown in soil pot culture

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hunter ◽  
DG Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The changes over time in soil pH, plant growth and zinc uptake by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Wills grown in a zinc-deficient black earth under two watering regimens, viz. watering to weight (WTW) and constant water table (CWT), were determined in a pot experiment. In the absence of applied zinc, CWT plants achieved twice the dry matter yield of WTW plants. Interveinal chlorosis was observed on CWT plants at 20 days after sowing, but not on WTW plants at any time during the experiment. Leaf lamina zinc concentrations at a number of nodes were less than 10 �g g-1 in plants grown for 25 days under both watering regimens. Fertilization with zinc at 30 kg zinc ha-1 significantly increased the dry matter yield of CWT plants and, particularly, the size of laminae at node 5 and above. Plants grown in the absence of applied zinc recovered from zinc deficiency over the period from 25 to 35 days after sowing. Rates of dry matter and zinc accumulation over this period increased, while zinc concentrations in the plant and particularly in the younger leaves increased markedly. This recovery coincided with a substantial decline in soil pH. The recovery from zinc stress is attributed to the greatly increased availability of zinc to the plant roots which may have resulted from the drop in soil pH.

Soil pH and Cation Exchange Capacity Affects Sunflower Tolerance to Sulfentrazone

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Kerr ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
J. Anita Dille
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Sunflower Plant ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Over Time

Effects of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) on sunflower tolerance to sulfentrazone were investigated in a greenhouse study. Variables were soil pH (7.0, 7.3, 7.5, and 7.8), soil CEC (8.2, 13.7, 18.4, and 23.3 cmol/kg), and sulfentrazone rate (0, 105, 158, and 184 g ai/ha). Sulfentrazone-induced leaf chlorosis was affected by soil pH at 12 d after planting (DAP), but plants recovered, and earlier differences were not visible 9 d later. At 12 DAP, leaf chlorosis was 3 or 4% more severe in soils with pH 7.3 or higher compared with soils with pH 7.0 when averaged over both sulfentrazone rate and soil CEC. Leaf chlorosis resulting from sulfentrazone rates of 105, 158, and 184 g/ha was 17, 25, and 35% less at 23 cmol/kg than at 8.2 cmol/kg, respectively. Differences in chlorosis among sulfentrazone rates were greatest in soil with low CEC and lessened as soil CEC increased. Plants regained normal color over time, and newly emerging leaves were not affected. However, plant dry weights were reduced when sulfentrazone rate was ≥158 g/ha. Averaged over sulfentrazone rate and soil pH, sunflower dry weights were less when soil CEC was 8.2 compared with a CEC of 13.7 cmol/kg or higher, indicating a greater response at low CEC. Sunflower plant dry matter was not different in sulfentrazone-treated soil with a CEC above 13.7 cmol/kg. At the ranges tested, soil CEC had a considerably greater effect than did pH on sunflower tolerance to sulfentrazone.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Nutritional Composition of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.)Merrill) Varieties Grown in Low Land Areas of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abito Asres ◽  
Solomon Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Strong Evaluation ◽  
Glycine Max L

The experiment was conducted in three locations Jari, Chefa and Sirinka of Eastern Amhara to select the best performing varieties, in terms of biomass yield, chemical composition, haulm yield, seed yield and other agronomic characteristics of Glycine max (L.) Merrill grown under the rain- fed condition of lowland areas of Eastern Amhara in a randomized complete block design with tree replications. Twelve released soybean varieties were Afgat ,Belesa-95, Boshe , Cheri , Dhidhessa, Gishama , Gizo, Korme, Pawe-03, katta, Wegayen and Wollo were used as a treatments. The seeds were planted in 40 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants on a plot size of 3.2m*4m. Spacing between blocks and plots were 1 and 0.5m, respectively. The seed rate was 60 kg/ha and a fertilizer rate 100 kg/ha NPS was applied during seed planting. The combined analysis of variance over two years at location Jari for dry matter yield of varieties Afgat, Gizo, Pawe-03, Wogayen and Wollo were significantly higher as compared to other soybean varieties. The combined analysis across locations at Jari and Sirinka (2019-second year) showed that varieties Afgat, Gishama, Gizo, Pawe-03, Wogayen and Wollo had higher dry matter yield and varieties Gishama (3.97 t/ha), Gizo (3.60 t/ha), Pawe-03 (4.04 t/ha) and Wogayen (3.36 t/ha) had higher haulm yield as compared with other varieties. The combined analysis across locations at Jari and Sirinka (2019) showed that varieties Pawe-03(2951 kg/ha), Gizo (2862 kg/ha), Afgat (2859 kg/ha), Gishama (2654 kg/ha),Wollo (2461 kg/ha) and Wogayen (2404 kg/ha) had higher seed yield as compared with other varieties. The variety Wollo gave higher crud protein content in two locations (Jari and Sirinka) .Therefore, varieties Afgat, Pawe-03 and Wollo were recommends for the given areas of Jari , Chefa, Sirinka and could be produced in similar environments for the best of produced optimal amount of dry matter, haulm and seed yield and good protein supplement for production of ruminants.Thus, further researches will be needed to investigate on the utilization of livestock.

scholarly journals CYCLING OF WINTER FORAGE NUTRIENTS UNDER INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Andressa Perini Vengen ◽  
Bruna Thaina Bartzen ◽  
Eloisa Mattei ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego ◽  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition and release of nutrients from the remaining straw of two annual forage species conducted in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in split plots, with three replicates. The managements were allocated in the plots (52 m2): without grazing, one grazing, and two grazings. Subplots were defined by material collection times after the forage’s desiccation (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after desiccation). Dry matter yield, amounts of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and half-life time were evaluated. Oat cultivar IPR Esmeralda had the highest initial dry matter yield (6,099 kg ha-1) when not grazed, while triticale cultivar IPR 111 showed the highest average values when subjected to grazing (8,088 kg ha-1). The amounts of N, P, and K released from the remaining dry matter, regardless of the management adopted, decreased over time. Potassium was the nutrient that presented the most accelerated release, with an average half-life of 14 days. When subjected to grazing, triticale is more efficient in nutrient cycling, providing 197, 38, and 231 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K, respectively, with a half-life time of 10, 37, and 25 days, respectively. Forage species can improve the cycling of nutrients and make them available to crops in succession in the ICLS.

scholarly journals Relationships between sheep liveweight production and dry matter yield for lucerne-based pastures in spring

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Mills ◽  
Malcolm C. Smith ◽  
Derrick J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Block Experiment

A five-year dryland grazing experiment explored the relationship between sheep liveweight (LWt) production and dry matter (DM) yield of lucerne-based pastures in spring. In 2011, a randomised complete block experiment with a lucerne monoculture, a lucerne/brome mix and a lucerne/cocksfoot mix were established at Ashley Dene, Canterbury and replicated six times. Pastures were managed under dryland conditions. Ewes with twin lambs at foot grazed in spring and LWt production, DM yield and botanical composition were quantified.Regression analysis showed total DM feed on offer accounted for only 11% of the observed variation in spring LWt production. Subsequent analysis of the botanical composition of the three pastures showed total feed on offer in spring was unaffected by pasture treatment in four out of five years. However, yield of the lucerne component on offer was 77–230% greater in the monoculture than the mixes in Years 3–5. Brome yields declined from Year 3 and did not recover. By Year 5, weeds accounted for 41% of the feed on offer in spring in the lucerne/brome mix. Net spring ewe + lamb liveweight production increased at a rate equivalent to 246 kg LWt +71 kg LWt per tonne of lucerne DM on offer (R2 = 0.83). There was no effect of pasture type. Where possible lucerne should be established as a monoculture to maximise liveweight gain. A runout stand was overdrilled with a companion grass to extend the productive stand life. The loss of lucerne over time indicated renewal should be initiated within 2–3 years of oversowing to ensure LWt production is not compromised.

THE EFFECT OF ZINC RATE AND PLACEMENT ON YIELD AND ZINC UTILIZATION BY BLACKBEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Black Turtle)

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
G. W. MORDEN ◽  
M. W. HEDAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Method Of Placement ◽  
Zinc Utilization ◽  
Zinc Placement

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of size of fertilizer reaction zone, rate of added zinc and method of placement of added zinc on the dry matter yield, zinc concentration and zinc uptake of blackbeans grown on a calcareous soil. Relationships between zinc concentrations in the plant, zinc utilization by the plant and zinc concentration in the soil reaction zone were obtained. An equation was developed relating zinc utilization to zinc concentration in the fertilizer band, and a figure was derived showing how increasing the size of the fertilizer zone impacts upon the zinc concentration of the plant. The results indicate that inorganic zinc fertilizers must be mixed as uniformly as possible for maximum effectiveness. Key words: Zinc, placement, calcareous, soil, blackbean, Phaseolis vulgaris

scholarly journals Relationships between dry matter yield and height of rotationally grazed dryland lucerne

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Mills ◽  
M.C. Smith ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Over Time

Between 2009/2010 and 2014/2015 a total of 711 destructive paired samples of total dry matter yield (kg DM/ha) and lucerne height were taken from a grazed dryland lucerne monoculture experiment at Ashley Dene, Canterbury, New Zealand. These were used to develop relationships suitable for on-farm estimates of lucerne. For pre-graze yields, the variation accounted for increased from 59%, based on lucerne height alone, to 84% for the 14 Year/Season combinations. For postgrazing residual DM yields, inclusion of Year as a factor increased the R2 from 0.39 to 0.65. Pre-graze data were also grouped into spring, summer and autumn. These relationships accounted for 54-60% of the observed variation in dryland lucerne. In spring the multiplier was ~95 kg DM/cm and this dropped to ~75 kg DM/ cm for heights measured in the summer. In autumn the multiplier was ~55 kg DM/cm. Lack of stability in the relationships over time could reflect environmental conditions and changes in stand density which height measurements alone cannot account for. Keywords: alfalfa, dry matter yield estimates, height, Medicago sativa L., regression analysis

Availability and uptake of boron in a group of pedogenetically related Canterbury, New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Adams ◽  
Z Hamzah ◽  
RS Swift
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
Extractable Soil

Amounts of soil boron extracted from six Canterbury, New Zealand soils by hot water (HWS), hot 0.02 M CaCl2, 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.05 M mannitol, and a boron specific resin were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with each other. The soils are all formed from greywacke alluvium and/or loess but cover a range of organic matter and clay contents. Hot water and hot 0.02 M CaCl2 yielded higher levels of extractable boron than did 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.05 M mannitol and the resin. Amounts of boron extracted by all four reagents were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon contents (and to a lesser extent clay contents), but not with soil pH. Dry matter yield and boron uptake by radishes (Raphanussativus L.) over two harvests increased with increasing extractable soil boron for all four extractants showing that all were suitable for assessing the boron available to radishes. Decreased yields occurred in soils with HWS or hot 0.02 M CaCl2 extractable boron levels less than 1.1 �g g-1 and were associated with a progressively lower allocation of dry matter to roots. For analytical purposes, the hot 0.02 M CaCl2 reagent provided the most convenient measure of available soil boron.

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