Effects of level of larval intake on the productivity and physiological and metabolic responses of lambs infected with Ostertagia circumcincta

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEA Symons ◽  
JW Steel ◽  
WO Jones
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Plasma Loss ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen

The interrelationships between level of exposure to Ostevtagia circumcincta infection, production loss and physiological and metabolic effects were examined over 24 weeks in groups of weaner lambs on larval dosing regimes (LDR) of either 0, 1200, 3750, 12000, 37500 or 120000 infective larvae per week. During the first 12 weeks, liveweight gain and wool growth were significantly depressed in lambs on both LDR 37 500 and 120000, but food consumption was significantly reduced only on the latter. Faecal nitrogen excretion was increased by both of these LDR but the efficiency of retention of apparently digested nitrogen was generally unchanged. Enteric plasma loss and albumin turnover rate were significantly increased by LL)R 120000 during the 4th week, at which time albumin concentration was most severely depressed. After the 12th week there were generally no significant effects of infection, and total liveweight gain over 24 weeks was similar for all lambs. Recovery coincided with a decline in faecal egg counts, abomasal worm counts and plasma pepsinogen concentrations. It was concluded that, under the conditions of this experiment, an intake of more than 12000 O. civcumcinctu larvae per week is necessary to have significant effects on the physiological and metabolic functions of weaner lambs with consequent losses in productivity.

Effects of a concurrent infection of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on the productivity and physiological and metabolic responses of lambs infected with Ostertagia circumcincta

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Steel ◽  
WO Jones ◽  
LEA Symons
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Plasma Loss ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Dose Levels

Weaner lambs were infected for 16 weeks with 900 or 3000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvaelweek alone, with 38 000 Ostertagia circumcincta larvaelweek alone, or with the two parasites concurrently at these dose levels. Concurrent infections with T. colubrifovmis, which when given alone had no significant effect, reduced liveweight gain by 15 kg over the 16-week infection period compared with a 6-kg reduction in liveweight of lambs infected with O. civcumcincta alone. T. colubvifovmis when given alone did not affect wool growth, but with concurrent infections wool growth was reduced by up to 66% compared with a 25 % reduction in lambs infected with O. circunzcincta alone. This greater loss of productivity in concurrent infections was principally due to reduced food consumption, and was exacerbated by a substantial decrease in the efficiency of retention of apparently digested nitrogen. These effects were accompanied by an elevated gastroenteric plasma loss, and a concomitant decrease in albumin synthesis which together were considered responsible for the more pronounced hypoalbuminaemia observed in lambs with concurrent infections. Reasons for impaired nitrogen utilization in concurrently infected lambs are discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Recurrent Genetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Timon A. Bloedjes ◽  
Guus de Wilde ◽  
Jeroen E. J. Guikema
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Cancer Cell Metabolism ◽  
The Many

Oncogene activation and malignant transformation exerts energetic, biosynthetic and redox demands on cancer cells due to increased proliferation, cell growth and tumor microenvironment adaptation. As such, altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that arises from terminally differentiated B cells. MM is characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that often involve the immunoglobulin loci and a restricted set of partner loci, and complex chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with disease progression. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in MM result in the aberrant expression of MYC, cyclin D1, FGFR3/MMSET and MAF/MAFB. In recent years, the intricate mechanisms that drive cancer cell metabolism and the many metabolic functions of the aforementioned MM-associated oncogenes have been investigated. Here, we discuss the metabolic consequences of recurrent chromosomal translocations in MM and provide a framework for the identification of metabolic changes that characterize MM cells.

scholarly journals Hepatic functions of GLP-1 and its based drugs: current disputes and perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (3) ◽  
pp. E620-E627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianru Jin ◽  
Jianping Weng
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

GLP-1 and its based drugs possess extrapancreatic metabolic functions, including that in the liver. These direct hepatic metabolic functions explain their therapeutic efficiency for subjects with insulin resistance. The direct hepatic functions could be mediated by previously assumed “degradation” products of GLP-1 without involving canonic GLP-1R. Although GLP-1 analogs were created as therapeutic incretins, extrapancreatic functions of these drugs, as well as native GLP-1, have been broadly recognized. Among them, the hepatic functions are particularly important. Postprandial GLP-1 release contributes to insulin secretion, which represses hepatic glucose production. This indirect effect of GLP-1 is known as the gut-pancreas-liver axis. Great efforts have been made to determine whether GLP-1 and its analogs possess direct metabolic effects on the liver, as the determination of the existence of direct hepatic effects may advance the therapeutic theory and clinical practice on subjects with insulin resistance. Furthermore, recent investigations on the metabolic beneficial effects of previously assumed “degradation” products of GLP-1 in the liver and elsewhere, including GLP-128–36 and GLP-132–36, have drawn intensive attention. Such investigations may further improve the development and the usage of GLP-1-based drugs. Here, we have reviewed the current advancement and the existing controversies on the exploration of direct hepatic functions of GLP-1 and presented our perspectives that the direct hepatic metabolic effects of GLP-1 could be a GLP-1 receptor-independent event involving Wnt signaling pathway activation.

Aspects of nitrogen utilization in Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe results of 62 comparative digestibility and nitrogen balance trials of Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle fed the same roughage or mixed diet were analysed to test for species differences in various nitrogen input-output relationships. The influence of dietary metabolizable energy content on the utilization of dietary or apparently digested nitrogen (ADN) was also investigated.There was no difference between buffaloes and Zebus in their ability to digest dietary nitrogen. The true nitrogen digestibility was calculated to be 81% and the metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion to be 0·36 g N/lOOg dry-matter intake. The buffaloes had lower rates of excretion of urinary nitrogen per unit increase in ADN, and at the same intake of ADN (143 mg/kg live weight/day), they had the higher nitrogen balance: 58v.48 mg/kg live weight/day. Dietary metabolizable energy content did not affect the utilization of digested nitrogen.Estimates of metabolic faecal nitrogen and endogenous urinary nitrogen excretions and of maintenance requirements for digested nitrogen were similar to those of tropical large ruminants reported by other workers. On low-quality (0·8% N) or medium-quality (1·6% N) diets, it was calculated that buffaloes would have nitrogen balances.

Weight gain and faecal nitrogen excretion in grazing British and Zebu crossbred steers

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
The One

The excretion of faecal nitrogen by 16 grazing steers, eight Hereford x Shorthorn and eight Zebu crossbreds, was determined at intervals over a period of 11 months. It was found that the non-dialysable faecal nitrogen fraction was the one most strongly correlated with gain. Statistically this fraction accounted for 68% of the variation in average gain of the two breed groups between measurement intervals, and for 75% of the variation in weight gain between individual steers during the summer gain period. The data gave no indication of inherent breed differences in intake, as judged by non-dialysable nitrogen excretion.

Effect of abomasal infusions of methionine, casein, and starch plus methionine on the wool production of Merino wethers fed on lucerne or wheaten chaff

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dove ◽  
GE Robards
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Merino wethers received daily abomasal infusions of (a) 2.6 g DL-methionine, (b) 80 g casein protein or (c) 2.6 g DL-methionine plus 87 g maize starch, while consuming either lucerne chaff or wheaten chaff. Responses in wool growth, nitrogen metabolism and body weight were measured. Sheep fed on lucerne chaff had a higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention than those fed on wheaten chaff regardless of the presence or type of infusion. The infusion of methionine did not markedly alter these parameters from their original levels on either diet. On both diets, casein infusion led to increased urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Compared with sheep given starch plus methionine infusions, those given casein had higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Changes in fleece-free body weight gain followed a similar pattern. There were no pronounced differences in faecal nitrogen excretion. Regardless of the presence or type of infusion, sheep fed on lucerne grew more wool than those on wheaten chaff. On both diets, all infusions were accompanied by higher wool growths than on the basal diet alone. The effect of the casein infusion, compared with methionine infusion, was apparent only in sheep on wheaten chaff. Wool growth rates in sheep infused with starch plus methionine were not higher than the rates in the same sheep infused with methionine alone. The results suggest that the wool production of sheep will show a greater response to abomasal supplements of sulphur amino acids or casein if they are consuming a high quality diet such as lucerne chaff, compared with a low quality diet such as wheaten chaff. The apparent failure of starch infusion to stimulate wool growth above the level obtained with methionine infusions alone is discussed in relation to the interaction of protein and energy in the growth of wool.

Studies on marsupial nutrition V. the nitrogen requirements of the euro, Macropus robustus

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Brown ◽  
A.R. Main
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

The nitrogen requirements of some female euros (Macropus robustus) were determined by means of nitrogen balance feeding trials. The average minimum dietary nitrogen requirement for the maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium was 1.99 g/day or 309 mg/day per kgW*0.73. The metabolic faecal nitrogen output of the euros, determined indirectly, was estimated to be 0.27 g/100 g dry matter intake. The minimum digestible nitrogen requirements of the euros were 160 mg/day per kgW*0.73, equivalent to approximately 1 g digestible nitrogen per day. The minimum urinary nitrogen excretion of the euros, at dietary nitrogen intakes of approximately 1 g/day, was an average of 34 mg/day per kgW*0.73. Comparison of the results obtained with data for eutherian species reported in the literature indicates that the nitrogen requirements and urinary nitrogen excretion of this species is markedly less than that of eutherian species. The results are briefly discussed in relation to survival of the euro in the arid environment of the Pilbara district of Western Australia.

THE METABOLIC EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED ALDOSTERONE IN A TOTALLY ADRENALECTOMIZED HUMAN

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Beck ◽  
C. P. Giroud ◽  
I. Dyrenfurth ◽  
E. H. Venning
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Six hundred micrograms of aldosterone administered intravenously to a totally adrenalectomized patient caused water retention and weight gain without apparent alteration in the sodium and potassium balance. A marked increase in the urinary nitrogen excretion occurred during the aldosterone infusion.

Metabolic Responses to Thermal Stressors of Altitude-Acclimated Rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Hale ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd
Keyword(s):  
Urine Volume ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Level Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference

Fasting 24-hour exposures of altitude-acclimated rats (380 mm Hg, 18,000 ft. simulated) to ground level pressure (750 mm Hg) at either cold (3°C), neutral (24°C), or hot (35°C) temperatures seldom resulted in return of their metabolic functions to preacclimative ‘normalcy.’ Although the control and altitude-acclimated groups both were accustomed to neutral temperatures (24° and 26°C), quantitative differences at ground level and altitude occurred in various indices of water, mineral and nitrogen metabolism. Of the 32 physiologic variables studied, only 4 (ratio of urine volume/ water intake, and urinary excretion of potassium, creatinine and glycine) failed to differentiate the responses of the altitude- and ground-accustomed rats. The temperature response curves of the altitude group tended to parallel the corresponding ones for the control group, but most variables were on higher or lower planes. The difference in plane resulted either from the effects of the return to ground level pressure, or from nonreversible effects of acclimation to altitude per se.

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