Studies on marsupial nutrition V. the nitrogen requirements of the euro, Macropus robustus

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Brown ◽  
A.R. Main
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

The nitrogen requirements of some female euros (Macropus robustus) were determined by means of nitrogen balance feeding trials. The average minimum dietary nitrogen requirement for the maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium was 1.99 g/day or 309 mg/day per kgW*0.73. The metabolic faecal nitrogen output of the euros, determined indirectly, was estimated to be 0.27 g/100 g dry matter intake. The minimum digestible nitrogen requirements of the euros were 160 mg/day per kgW*0.73, equivalent to approximately 1 g digestible nitrogen per day. The minimum urinary nitrogen excretion of the euros, at dietary nitrogen intakes of approximately 1 g/day, was an average of 34 mg/day per kgW*0.73. Comparison of the results obtained with data for eutherian species reported in the literature indicates that the nitrogen requirements and urinary nitrogen excretion of this species is markedly less than that of eutherian species. The results are briefly discussed in relation to survival of the euro in the arid environment of the Pilbara district of Western Australia.

THE ENDOGENOUS URINARY AND METABOLIC FECAL NITROGEN EXCRETIONS OF NEWBORN DAIRY CALVES

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Cunningham ◽  
G. J. Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fecal Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolic Fecal Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Daily observations were made on the fecal and urinary nitrogen excretions of four calves fed nitrogen-free diets during the second and fifth weeks after birth. The endogenous urinary nitrogen excretion was equivalent to 65.3 mg. per kg. of body weight (W) per day or 186 mg. per kg. W0.72. The metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion averaged 44.0 mg. per kg. of body weight per day or 0.334 per cent of the dry matter intake.

Foliage of Eucalyptus-Punctata and the Maintenance Nitrogen Requirements of Koalas, Phascolarctos-Cinereus

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Cork
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Nitrogen metabolism and balance were investigated in captive koalas fed mature foliage of a staple food tree, Eucalyptus punctata, in six feeding trials at various times of year. Winter foliage contained less nitrogen than summer foliage but koalas compensated by eating more in winter. Thus, nitrogen balance did not differ significantly between seasons. Urinary nitrogen excretion similarly showed no seasonal trend but losses of non-dietary (i.e. endogenous and microbial) faecal nitrogen were greater in winter than in summer, presumably because of the higher food intake. Estimates of the requirements of dietary and truly digestible nitrogen for maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium (283 mg . kg-0.75 . d-� and 271 mg . kg-0.75 . d-� respectively) were comparable with several estimates for other marsupials. Although urinary nitrogen.excretion by koalas was low compared with that by other marsupials, consistent with the koala's standard metabolic rate, losses of non-dietary faecal nitrogen were relatively high. It was concluded that relatively high losses of endogenous andlor microbial nitrogen in faeces are a consequence of feeding on Eucalyptus foliage and that the koala's low standard metabolic rate is an important adaptation permitting it to utilize this diet by partly compensating for faecal nitrogen losses.

Aspects of nitrogen utilization in Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe results of 62 comparative digestibility and nitrogen balance trials of Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle fed the same roughage or mixed diet were analysed to test for species differences in various nitrogen input-output relationships. The influence of dietary metabolizable energy content on the utilization of dietary or apparently digested nitrogen (ADN) was also investigated.There was no difference between buffaloes and Zebus in their ability to digest dietary nitrogen. The true nitrogen digestibility was calculated to be 81% and the metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion to be 0·36 g N/lOOg dry-matter intake. The buffaloes had lower rates of excretion of urinary nitrogen per unit increase in ADN, and at the same intake of ADN (143 mg/kg live weight/day), they had the higher nitrogen balance: 58v.48 mg/kg live weight/day. Dietary metabolizable energy content did not affect the utilization of digested nitrogen.Estimates of metabolic faecal nitrogen and endogenous urinary nitrogen excretions and of maintenance requirements for digested nitrogen were similar to those of tropical large ruminants reported by other workers. On low-quality (0·8% N) or medium-quality (1·6% N) diets, it was calculated that buffaloes would have nitrogen balances.

Studies on goat nutrition Part I. Minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance-endogenous urinary nitrogen and metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
The One ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. EUN and MFN excretions have been determined in goats on a N-low ration and also on a N-free ration. The values obtained were,EUN = 0·052 g./kg. live weight andMFN = 0·41 g./100 g. dry-matter feed intake.2. The values so determined with the two feeding regimens, for both the EUN and MFN agreed very closely.3. The minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance, as calculated from the EUN value, is 0·65 lb./1000 lb. live weight.4. The formula for calculating the utilizable protein requirement for this species is found to be P = 0·89. W0.734, and is almost identical with the one given by Mitchell.5. The usefulness of the above formula in predicting the EUN of immature goats is discussed.

Some factors affecting apparent nitrogen digestibility of roughage diets fed to cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
J. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen

SUMMARYPublished and unpublished results for apparent nitrogen digestibility from 107 digestibility trials with Zebu (Africander, Brahman and their crosses with British cattle) and British breeds of cattle were analysed by regression analyses to determine its relationship with dry matter intake and dietary nitrogen content.The linear regression of apparent nitrogen digestibility on the reciprocal of dietary nitrogen content was an adequate mathematical description of the relation (r = 0·92) and the addition of the reciprocal of nitrogen intake as an independent variable improved the description (r = 0·95) particularly for diets with a low nitrogen content. Both these equations have a physiological basis.Estimates of the true nitrogen digestibility and metabolic faecal nitrogen from the linear regression of apparent nitrogen digestibility on the reciprocal of dietary nitrogen content were 86·8% and 0·49 g/100 g dry-matter intake. Independent estimates of these parameters from a multiple regression of total faecal nitrogen on dry-matter intake and nitrogen intake were 88·7% and 0·46 g/100 g dry-matter intake. The analyses on the breeds suggested that the Zebu cattle may have a higher true digestibility and a lower metabolic faecal nitrogen than the British cattle, although the differences were small and could not be subjected to statistical tests.

scholarly journals Reduction of crude protein in diets fed to lactating Holstein-Gyr cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-865
Author(s):  
Clóvis Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Alves de Azevedo ◽  
Mariana Magalhães Campos ◽  
Fernanda Samarini Machado ◽  
Alexandre Mendonça Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of reducing crude protein (CP) contents in diets with a constant metabolizable protein content on the intake, performance, nitrogen balance, and nutrient digestibility of lactating Holstein-Gyr cows. Animals (n = 24, 103±23 days in milk) were allocated to four treatments (n = 6 per group) with different CP contents: 127, 132, 139, and 156 g kg-1 dry matter (DM). DM intake was not affected by treatments. CP intake and digestibility increased linearly with higher CP contents. Milk yield (23.7±3 kg per day) and the percentages of milk protein (3.3±0.2%) and fat (3.8±0.5%) were not affected by CP reduction. Milk and blood urea nitrogen increased linearly with the increase of CP in the diet, similarly to urinary nitrogen excretion. Nitrogen use efficiency was 29.8 and 22.4% when CP was 127 and 156 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Reducing CP in diets fed to mid-lactating Holstein-Gyr cows increases nitrogen use efficiency and maintains the productive performance of the cows.

scholarly journals Functional diversity vs monotony: The effect of a multi-forage diet as opposed to a single forage diet on animal intake, performance, welfare, and urinary nitrogen excretion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Garrett ◽  
M R Beck ◽  
C J Marshall ◽  
A E Fleming ◽  
C M Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of offering animals a multi-forage choice of fresh herbages on dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain and animal welfare, in comparison with a monotonous diet of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Twenty ram lambs [30.5 ± 0.9 kg initial live weight; mean ± standard error of the mean], were randomly allocated to either a diet consisting of diverse multi-forage choice (MF) or a single forage ryegrass (SF) diet (n = 10 per treatment) for 35 days. Both diets were fed ad libitum; however, the MF diet was composed of set dry matter ratios of: 24% chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), 30% lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), 25% plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), and 21% ryegrass. The DMI of the MF lambs was 48% greater (P < 0.01) and the within animal day-to-day coefficient of variation (CV) of intake was 26% lower (P < 0.01) than the SF lambs. The average daily gain (ADG) of lambs offered the MF diet was 92% greater (P < 0.01) than the lambs offered the SF diet. The within animal day-to-day CV of intake was negatively related with ADG (r = -0.59: P < 0.01). The MF lamb’s urinary N concentration was 30% lower (P < 0.01) than that of the SF lambs. The SF lambs spent more time (P < 0.05) exhibiting stereotypic behaviors in the afternoon and spent more time observing other animals than the MF. Overall, allocating a multi-forage choice of fresh herbages as opposed to a single forage diet of ryegrass increases DMI and thereby animal performance, while potentially reducing urinary N excretion.

Studies on marsupial nutrition. VI. The utilization of dietry urea by the Euro or Hill Kangaroo, Macropus robustus (Gould)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Macropod marsupials, the kangaroos and wallabies, are characterized by a ruminant-like digestive physiology. One feature of digestion in eutherian species of ruminants is the ability of these animals to utilize non-protein nitrogen through the conversion of such nitrogen to microbial protein by the microorganisms in the rumen. In the present experiments with the euro or hill kangaroo (M. robustus), the utilization of dietary protein (casein) and non-protein nitrogen (urea) has been compared by means of nitrogen balance feeding trials. No consistent differences between the levels of nitrogen retention and urinary nitrogen excretion were observed for euros fed rations supplemented with either casein or urea. It is suggested that the digestion of nitrogen by the ruminant-like macropod marsupials is similar to that of eutherian species of ruminant herbivores.

scholarly journals Extrato tanífero de Acacia mearnsii para ovelhas em lactação

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Lucélia Janes Hans Dallastra ◽  
Tiago Pansard Alves ◽  
Jean Gabriel Dal-Pizzol ◽  
Bibiana Fonseca ◽  
Mauricio Camera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Condensed tannins can reduce protein degradation in the rumen by increasing the duodenal flow of metabolizable proteins and consequently improving animal performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the tannin extract of Acacia mearnsii on lactating ewes receiving a total mixed ration (TMR) containing two concentrations of crude protein. The experimental treatments consisted of a TMR containing 16.4% or 22.3% of crude protein in dry matter either with or without the tannin extract of Acacia mearnsii at 20 g kg-1 dry matter. The extract concentration that guaranteed the daily intake of approximately 15 g of the extract per animal was determined. Eight lactating ewes of the Texel × Lacaune breed in the second third of lactation were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design, with four periods of 19 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 5 days of sample collection. Urinary nitrogen excretion was increased in the animals fed a diet containing a relatively higher protein concentration compared to those receiving a diet with a lower protein concentration. However, milk production and the concentration of milk solids did not vary significantly among treatments. The tannin extract of Acacia mearnsii decreased urinary nitrogen excretion, and consequently reduced the environmental impact of the production system, but did not significantly improve animal performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document