Selenium supplementation of grazing sheep. II. Responses in plasma and erythrocyte activities of lambs and adult wethers

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Peter
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Plasma Enzymes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Content Availability ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
Made In

The possibility that apparently healthy lambs in the low selenium region of New England in New South Wales may suffer from subclinical nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) was investigated. Further studies of the response in plasma activities of the seleno-enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), to selenium drenching were also included. Changes in the GSH-px and glutathione reductase (GR) activities of erythrocytes and plasma and in the activities of several other plasma enzymes were monitored before and after selenium treatment, by oral drench, of lambs and adult wethers maintained in the field. Similar enzyme measurements were made in adult wethers brought indoors and given a pelleted lucerne ration containing adequate selenium. Selenium treatment caused a large, rapid but transient increase in the initially low plasma GSH-px activities of the lambs. With the exception of one animal, similar changes did not occur in the wethers drenched with selenium. However, in the 14 days prior to treatment the GSH-px activities of all wethers increased and on the day of treatment activities were substantially higher than those of the lambs; increases continued in both grazing and pen-fed wethers irrespective of treatment. The selenium content/availability of the pasture grazed by the wethers was apparently higher than that grazed by the lambs and their dams and the main flock from which the wethers were selected. Plasma activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase and sorbitol dehydrogenase of both lambs and wethers fell within normal ranges at all times. These activities indicated that the lambs, despite a low selenium status prior to treatment, were not suffering from subclinical NMD and that the rapid increase in their plasma GSH-px activity following selenium treatment was not due to acute selenium toxicity and tissue damage. The response in plasma GSH-px activity appeared to depend upon the selenium status of animals at the time when selenium was administered.

Selenium supplementation of grazing sheep. I. Effects of selenium drenching and other factors on plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities and blood selenium concentrations of lambs and ewes

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Peter ◽  
PG Board ◽  
MJ Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
New England ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Low Selenium

Lambs or ewes grazing pastures in the low selenium region of New England in New South Wales were used to study the effects of selenium supplementation on blood and plasma levels of selenium and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and to assess the possibility of using GSH-px activity as an indicator of selenium availability or selenium status in grazing sheep. When lambs were drenched with selenium at 14 days of age there were large and rapid increases in the initially low levels of plasma and erythrocyte GSH-px. The increase in plasma GSH-px was transitory, and a second selenium drench administered to half the treated lambs at 42 days did not evoke any further increase. Erythrocyte GSH-px activities of treated lambs remained elevated for a longer period than plasma GSH-px, and the second selenium drench extended the period of elevation. Alterations in plasma GSH-px of adult ewes drenched with selenium were similar to those observed in the lambs, but erythrocyte GSH-px activities increased much more slowly. The changes in plasma and erythrocyte GSH-px were accompanied by significant alterations in plasma and whole blood concentrations of selenium. Increases in whole blood selenium, because of the plasma component, were much more rapid than those in erythrocyte GSH-px. Transfer of ewes to a new grazing area with a different soil and pasture type led to similar changes in plasma and erythrocyte GSH-px to those produced by selenium drenching. Small increases with time were also observed in the erythrocyte GSH-px activity of untreated ewes grazing the same pasture continuously. These changes were presumably the result of changes in the selenium content and/or availability in the pasture. It was concluded that regular estimations of erythrocyte or whole blood GSH-px activities could be used as an indication of selenium availability and the selenium status of grazing sheep. Changes in pasture and/or grazing area, and the fact that erythrocyte GSH-px activity of adult animals does not immediately attain a new equilibrium value when selenium intake alters must however be taken into account.

Selenium supplementation of grazing sheep. III. Effects of supplementation of ewes before and/or after lambing on the selenium status, blood enzyme activities and the growth of their lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Peter
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
New England ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
Selenium Supplements ◽  
Lamb Growth

The effects of oral selenium administration to ewes during pregnancy and/or following parturition on ewe fertility, the selenium status of the ewes until lambing and of their lambs from birth to 70 days of age, on plasma enzyme activities and on lamb growth were investigated by using four groups of ewes grazing pasture in the low selenium region of New England. Selenium treatment prior to parturition resulted in significantly higher activities of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, i.e. a higher selenium status, of both the ewes and their lambs at lambing, though the selenium status of untreated ewes and their lambs was considered adequate. There were significant increases in the activities of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase of lambs following selenium supplementation of their dams at parturition, whereas activities of lambs with untreated dams declined; depending on the selenium status of the dam, lambs received varying selenium supplements via milk. There were no significant effects of selenium treatment on ewe fertility or on the patterns of growth of the groups of lambs. However, from 49 days of age onwards, lambs whose dams received selenium at parturition were significantly heavier than lambs whose dams did not receive supplementary selenium. The results are discussed in relation to recommended schedules for oral selenium supplementation and the diagnosis of selenium inadequacy in grazing sheep.

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

Some potassium‐argon ages in New England, New South Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cooper ◽  
J. R. Richards ◽  
A. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

The Contested Will of “Goodman Penn”: Anglo–New England Politics, Culture, and Legalities, 1688–1716

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-584
Author(s):  
John M. Lund
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Suffolk County ◽  
The Other ◽  
William Penn ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
Made In

In February 1704, a Boston laborer named Thomas Lea found himself surrounded by townspeople as he lay on his deathbed. These spectators had gathered hoping to hear a much anticipated confession of the crimes they believed Lea had committed fifteen years earlier during the Dominion of New England. In Suffolk County, many townspeople had long maintained that Lea and others had used the confusion and chaos generated by the unsettling political and legal transformations introduced to New England during the 1680s to surreptitiously gain legal title to the estate of a prosperous Braintree, Massachusetts, landowner named William Penn. Standing by Lea's bedside, one witness, who believed Lea had perjured himself at the 1689 probate administration of Penn's estate, demanded: “Thomas can you as you are going out of the World answer at the Tribunal of God to the Will of Mr Penns, which you have sworn to[?]” “Was Mr Penn living or Dead when this Will was Made?” In the presence of assembled witnesses, Lea acknowledged, “he was dead.” Other townspeople pressed Lea to reveal the role he played in what many believed had been a murder for inheritance scheme. They reminded Lea that Penn's corpse had been found covered “in blood, in his own dung” with “a hole in his back, that you might turn your two fingers into it” and, even more disturbing, “one of his [Penn's] stones in his codd [scrotum] was broken all to pieces.” Averting the onlookers' gaze, Lea “turned his head aside the other way, saying what I did I was hired to do.” For these witnesses, the death-bed confession confirmed the rumors of Lea's crimes and strengthened their belief that a wave of corruption introduced in the 1680s had sabotaged New England's distinctive Puritan jurisprudence. Indeed, townspeople had labored for years to overturn the 1689 probate of Penn's estate in an effort forestall the crown's efforts to bring New England into political and legal conformity with the dictates of the growing English empire.

SERIAL ESTIMATION OF PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER PARTURITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. DAVIES ◽  
P. B. DOAK ◽  
A. F. LEVER ◽  
J. I. S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Plasma renin concentration has been measured in normal women at intervals throughout pregnancy. Further measurements have been made in the days and hours before and after delivery of the foetus and placenta. Plasma renin was consistently raised in the majority of pregnant women and did not change markedly until 24 hr. or more after delivery. The significance of these findings is discussed.

GUIDANCE IN MATERNAL AND INFANT CARE TWO MONTHS BEFORE AND AFTER THE BIRTH OF THE FIRST-BORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
AUGUSTA STUART CLAY
Keyword(s):  
Normal Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Private Physician ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haven Hospital ◽  
Made In

THIS study was made in the belief that family living and growth can be healthier if parents understand how mother and baby develop and what they need. Eleven mothers were visited weekly for two months before and after the birth of their firstborn to discover what guidance they wanted, what was offered, and what additional guidance was needed. The writer secured their cooperation by agreeing to work with them as a consultant, to interpret their point of view to the doctor, to explain medical instructions when permitted, and to teach the normal growth processes of mother and baby. Ten mothers were registered in the prenatal clinics of the New Haven Hospital; the eleventh had a private physician. They had no recorded problems beyond the needs of healthy pregnancy and they wanted to participate. Eight husbands agreed to take part in the study. The other three were overseas, but their wives reported for them. Backgrounds varied; 20 of the 22 had had college or high school education; all were between 18 and 32. None dropped out, and after the four months all asked for continued guidance. Cases were too few and the study too brief for statistical evidence. But problems were uncovered which needed to be considered and which have largely been neglected in routine obstetric and pediatric care. These parents wanted to learn—not in classes, but in the privacy of home—how to care for mother and baby without disrupting their accustomed way of living. All wanted the care and interest of one doctor for mother and one for baby. However, six women and five men preferred to talk with a consultant who was not a doctor, but who was affiliated with their doctors. The doctors seemed too busy for "little things" and "family affairs," and they saw so many doctors that they all seemed strangers. Once they felt sure that the consultant's interest was in themselves rather than in teaching them, they set the pace and pattern in the conference. There was no questionnaire, no probing, no set procedure. If they had any immediate interests or problems: job, move, presents, trips, in-laws, illness—these were discussed before they talked of pregnancy and baby.

Lung and chest wall impedances in the dog in normal range of breathing: effects of pulmonary edema

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Barnas ◽  
D. Stamenovic ◽  
K. R. Lutchen
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Mean Airway Pressure ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Measured Resistance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Severe Pulmonary Edema

We evaluated the effect of pulmonary edema on the frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT) dependences of respiratory system mechanical properties in the normal ranges of breathing. We measured resistance and elastance of the lungs (RL and EL) and chest wall of four anesthetized-paralyzed dogs during sinusoidal volume oscillations at the trachea (50–300 ml, 0.2–2 Hz), delivered at a constant mean airway pressure. Measurements were made before and after severe pulmonary edema was produced by injection of 0.06 ml/kg oleic acid into the right atrium. Chest wall properties were not changed by the injection. Before oleic acid, EL increased slightly with increasing f in each dog but was independent of VT. RL decreased slightly and was independent of VT from 0.2 to 0.4 Hz, but above 0.4 Hz it tended to increase with increasing flow, presumably due to the airway contribution. After oleic acid injection, EL and RL increased greatly. Large negative dependences of EL on VT and of RL on f were also evident, so that EL and RL after oleic acid changed two- and fivefold, respectively, within the ranges of f and VT studied. We conclude that severe pulmonary edema changes lung properties so as to make behavior VT dependent (i.e., nonlinear) and very frequency dependent in the normal range of breathing.

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