Factors affecting the growth of Pennisetum purpureum in the wet tropics. II. Uninterrupted growth

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ferraris ◽  
DF Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wet Tropics

Six plantings of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) were made at 2-monthly intervals in the wet tropics of Queensland and grown for 6 months, ratooned and grown for a further 6 months. Yields of crop fractions were taken at monthly intervals. Dry matter yield attributes were all positively and significantly correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with nitrogen and phosphorus percentages. Stem height was strongly associated with total and stem dry matter yields. Time trends in dry matter yields could be well described by logistic growth curves. It was found that dry matter yields were linearly and significantly related to crop age, degree days, radiation receipt, energy-degree days, cumulative evapotranspiration and moisture stress-free days. The crop was well adapted to the environment and could be grown and harvested year-round for agro-industrial purposes.

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 1. Feed intake, utilization and growth rates

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls were fed ad libitum a diet of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with five levels of rice bran (0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 and 4·8 kg/head/ day) in a study lasting 161 days. Measurements were made of the digestibility of the diet, the balances of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and water and the metabolizability of the gross energy. Using multiple regressions, the daily intakes of metabolizable energy were partitioned between maintenance and growth.Feeding rice bran stimulated appetite, initially improved feed conversion efficiency and increased growth rates. Each additional kilogram of rice bran fed depressed grass dry-matter intake by 0·8 kg in the buffaloes and 0·6 kg in Ongoles. Rice bran had little effect on digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy. Metabolizable energy contents of rice bran and elephant grass were calculated to be, respectively, 9·5 and 8·2 MJ/kg dry matter. Nitrogen and phosphorus status was improved in the supplemented animals but the balance of calcium was adversely affected. Voluntary feed intake was always higher in the buffaloes but the differences were reduced with increasing rice-bran supplementation.Metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and growth did not differ significantly between Ongole and buffaloes and were similar to values calculated for British animals.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS BY YORKSHIRE FOG (HOLCUS LANATUS)

1973 ◽  
pp. 288-302
Author(s):  
R.S.Scott A. Hardacre
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pot Experiments

Two pot experiments compared the yield response and uptake of N and P by five New Zealand, two exotic ecotypes and one bred cultivar of Yorkshire fog and Ruanui perennial ryegrass under varying levels of applied N and P. One experiment was conducted in a heated glasshouse and the other under controlled climate conditions. Of the Yorkshire fog strains examined, the bred cultivar 'Massey Basyn' and an ecotype from Rotorua provided highest yields of dry matter. Their superiority was attributed in part to their ability to extract greater amounts of N and P from the soil. The former was more efficient under high levels of applied N and the latter under high levels of applied P. Under two distinct climatic environments, 'Massey Basyn' Yorkshire fog gave similar yields and uptake of N and P to Ruanui perennial ryegrass. Under a third climate, with higher temperatures and moisture stress, 'Massey Basyn' outyielded Ruanui. This was associated with a greater ability by 'Massey Basyn' to utilize absorbed P.

scholarly journals A descriptive model o Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) L. seedling's growth during the first growing season

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Teresa Gowin ◽  
Leokadiusz Ubysz
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Net Assimilation

Scots pine seedlings were grown in pots from seed under outside conditions. Plant material was harvested ten times in fortnight periods, throughout the growing season. At each harvest, each plant was divided into particular organs and their dimensions as well as fresh and dry weight were determined. Seasonal course of growth of particular organs as well as changes in specific leaf area and distribution of dry matter between shoot and root were investigated. Net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were calculated from the fitted logistic growth curves.

The effect of rht genotype and temperature on coleoptile growth and dry matter partitioning in young wheat seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Botwright ◽  
Greg Rebetzke ◽  
Tony Condon ◽  
Richard Richards
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Coleoptile Growth ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation

Coleoptile length in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be affected by several factors, including genotype, height-reducing genes and environmental factors, including temperature. There is little information on how these factors influence rate and duration of coleoptile growth to determine final coleoptile length in wheat. Coleoptile growth was determined for eight genotypes representing four different height-reducing genes: gibberellic acid (GA)-sensitive, standard height (rht), GA-sensitive semidwarfs (Rht8); and GA-insensitive, semidwarfs (Rht2). These were grown in the dark at three temperatures (12, 16 and 20˚C) and coleoptile lengths measured every 12˚Cd. Logistic growth curves were fitted to coleoptile growth data for each genotype with thermal time as the explanatory variable. Differences in final coleoptile length were largely attributable to differences in rate of coleoptile elongation although there were small differences in duration of growth between genotypes. The longer coleoptile of the rht wheats was achieved through the fastest rate of coleoptile elongation. Coleoptiles of Rht8 wheats were equivalent in final length to rht wheats at 107 mm, but achieved this through a slower growth rate (2.10 mm ˚Cd–1) combined with an increased duration of growth (57˚Cd). In contrast, the shorter coleoptiles of Rht2 wheats resulted from 25% slower rates of elongation than either Rht8 or rht. There were no interactions between the components of coleoptile growth and temperature, although a longer duration and a fast rate of growth combined to increase coleoptile length at 12˚C compared with either 16 or 20˚C. In a second experiment, dry matter partitioning and length of coleoptile, subcrown internode (SCI), shoot and roots were determined after 200˚Cd. In Rht2, the SCI and shoot were short while roots were longer than either Rht8 or rht. Reduced dry matter (DM) partitioning to the coleoptile and SCI and DM retention in the seed reduced the endosperm-use efficiency (EUE) of Rht compared with rht. EUE was poor also in Rht8, apparently through increased respiratory losses. Reduced partitioning of dry matter to coleoptiles and the SCI in Rht2 increased the root : shoot ratio compared with rht or Rht8. We conclude that either increased rate or duration of coleoptile growth could be targeted in a breeding program that aims to increase coleoptile length in wheat.

Factors affecting the hydrogen cyanide potential of forage sorghum.

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
C Mulcahy ◽  
JJ Walcott ◽  
GG Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Selection For

The effect of seven factors, namely genotype, plant maturity, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, water stress, light intensity and temperature, on the hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp) of forage sorghum was studied in three pot experiments. Fivefold differences occurred between genotypes in HCNp, with a breeder's line, X45106, selected for low HCNp having a maximum of 520 mg HCN kg-1 DM (dry matter) compared with 2300 and 2450 mg kg-1 DM for cvs Zulu and Silk respectively. In X45 106, HCNp (mg HCN kg-1 DM) declined curvilinearly with age d (days from sowing) (HCNp=8460- 320d+ 3.1d2) and linearly in Silk (HCNp = 9020 - 110d), but the decline in Zulu was not statistically significant. Nitrogen (equivalent to 200 kg ha-1 of N) increased HCN, (P< 0.001), but more so in full light (100 mg kg-1 compared with 1430 mg kg-1) than in 50% shade (190 mg kg-1 compared with 690 mg kg-1). In one experiment, acute water stress appeared to reduce HCNp, but this was confounded with the strong decline due to aging. In another study, acute water stress had no effect on HCNp. Neither the application of superphosphate nor change in light intensity, nor change in temperature had a direct significant effect on HCNp in these studies. Breeding and selection for low HCNp appears a promising approach to ensuring that sorghum plants will provide non-toxic forage from an early stage of growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

Effect of harvesting stage on cereal and legume forage production in low rainfall regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Percentage Protein

SUMMARYThe effect of stage of harvesting on dry-matter (D.M.) yield and chemical composition of barley, wheat and the legumes common vetch (F. sativa), woollypod vetch (F. dasycarpa) and fodder peas (P. sativum) were studied in Cyprus under low rainfall conditions in a series of trials sown in four successive years. Cereals were harvested at the beginning of heading, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, and legumes at three stages from preflowering to full pod formation, D.M., protein and digestible D.M. yields and percentage D.M. content increased with age, whereas percentage protein content and D.M. digestibility declined. Under moisture stress conditions before and during the harvesting period D.M. yields did not increase significantly with age. Protein content of cereals under low rainfall conditions was higher than that of cereals grown in the U.K. under higher N fertilization levels. Rainfall conditions affected drastically the performance of both cereals and legumes. However, average yields were satisfactory; the barley variety 628 gave 8·98 t/ha, the highest D.M. yield among all cereal and legume varieties.

FACTORS AFFECTING ADULT EMERGENCE AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Duration Of Copulation

AbstractLaboratory and field experiments indicate that the female spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) pupal stadium requires approximately 122C degree-days above a threshold of 7.2 °C (45°F), the male 124. Emergence time on any given day depends on temperature but is independent of photoperiod. Under field conditions male and female budworm mate only once per 24-h period. In the laboratory under continuous illumination females mate repeatedly and males readily mate a second time within a few hours, but the duration of the second copulation is abnormally long. The probability of multiple matings under field conditions is reduced by the restricted period of sexual activity coupled with the duration of copulation and the lower competitiveness of mated insects. Antennae are essential to the male for successful copulation.

Influence of irrigation intervals on dry matter yield, concentration of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in Lablab purpureus and Sorghum almum fodder in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
I.R. Muhammad ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
A.K. Mohammed ◽  
R.J Tanko ◽  
M.S. Kallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Mean Concentration

Irrigation trials were conducted in the late dry season (March to June) with Lublab (Lablab purpureus) and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (IDM/ha), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus(P) in dual-purpose lablab bean and Sorghum almum at 3 irrigation schedules (5, 7 and 10 days irrigation interval). The results obtained showed dry matter yield in lablab increased (P<0.05) and varied from 1.7 to 11.7 IDM/ha. Calcium and P concentrations differed significantly (P<0.05). Mean CP for the lablab was 15.57%. Dry matter yield obtained for Sorghum almum varied (P<0.05) from 11.07 to 19.6 tDM/ha. Concentration of CP and Ca rose and declined thereafter with a mean concentration of 9.86% for CP und 0.08% for Ca while P declined consistently (P<0.05). Intervals of irrigation days had a relationship (P<0.05) with DM/ha, Ca and P in lablab. The increasing trend in foruye yield with increased irrigation interval showed optimum irrigation interval was not attained. It is therefore recommended that longer irrigation intervals be tried to determine the optimum irrigation interval after which forage yield would be depressed due to moisture stress. From the results of the present study Sorghum almum and lablab would be grown successfully at a 10-day irrigation interval. 

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Purple Nutsedge Based on Days or Thermal Units

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S.O. Lima ◽  
E.C.R. Machado ◽  
A.P.P. Silva ◽  
B.S. Marques ◽  
M.F. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Independent Trials

This work was carried out with the objective of elaborating mathematical models to predict growth and development of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) based on days or accumulated thermal units (growing degree days). Thus, two independent trials were developed, the first with a decreasing photoperiod (March to July) and the second with an increasing photoperiod (August to November). In each trial, ten assessments of plant growth and development were performed, quantifying total dry matter and the species phenology. After that, phenology was fit to first degree equations, considering individual trials or their grouping. In the same way, the total dry matter was fit to logistic-type models. In all regressions four temporal scales possibilities were assessed for the x axis: accumulated days or growing degree days (GDD) with base temperatures (Tb) of 10, 12 and 15 oC. For both photoperiod conditions, growth and development of purple nutsedge were adequately fit to prediction mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, highlighting Tb = 12 oC. Considering GDD calculated with Tb = 12 oC, purple nutsedge phenology may be predicted by y = 0.113x, while species growth may be predicted by y = 37.678/(1+(x/509.353)-7.047).

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