Relationships of circulating cortisol levels with growth rate and meat tenderness of cattle and sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Purchas ◽  
RA Barton ◽  
AH Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Plasma or serum levels of cortisol have been measured in cattle and sheep in four experiments and have been related to growth rates and meat tenderness. Significant treatment effects on cortisol levels included: (i) higher values in samples taken at slaughter from 30-month-old Angus steers (n = 30) than Hereford steers (n = 30) (P < 0.001); (ii) higher values in samples taken at slaughter from Cheviot sheep (n = 51) than Romney sheep (n = 48) (P < 0.02); (iii) higher values in jugular samples taken from a lighter group of lambs (n = 16) than a heavier group (n = 28) (P < 0.005); (iv) higher values following a period of stress induced by restraint for wether lambs (n = 23) than ram lambs (n = 21) (P < 0.02). Plasma cortisol levels in a group of 10 lambs sampled three times a week over a period of 11 weeks remained reasonably consistent for both stressed and unstressed animals. Relationships between cortisol levels and growth rate were significant for the cattle (r = -0.44**, n = 60), but were very low for all the groups of sheep. The relationships with meat tenderness (Warner-Bratzler shear) were significant only for cold-shortened samples of beef (r - 0.29*, n = 45).

Effect of experimental manipulation of circulatory cortisol levels in lambs on their growth rate and carcass quality

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Purchas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Melengestrol Acetate ◽  
Endogenous Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Negative Relationships

Relationships between the activity of the adrenal cortex and the productivity of lambs were investigated by administering cortisol acetate or melengestrol acetate. Initial experiments indicated that cortisol acetate administered every second day effectively maintained elevated levels of serum cortisol and that the administration of melengestrol acetate brought about some suppression in the levels of serum cortisol. However, when administered to growing lambs over an 8-week period, melengestrol acetate at a rate of 0.6 mg every second day had no measurable effect on serum cortisol. Cortisol acetate at a dosage of 50 mg every second day increased serum cortisol concentrations for the first 4 weeks only, after which they declined to the levels in the control lambs. In the group treated with cortisol acetate, serum and adrenal levels of cortisol at slaughter were significantly lower than the control group, but there were no differences in meat tenderness. Elevated levels of cortisol at slaughter were obtained by acute administration of cortisol acetate at the rate of 150 mg/day for 3 days. Meat from these animals was appreciably more tender than that from the controls. It is concluded that the negative relationships reported to exist between endogenous cortisol levels and growth rate or meat tenderness of cattle, either do not exist in lambs or they are not the simple cause and effect type.

Height growth rates of young white spruce and lodgepole pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Thomson ◽  
Robert G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
Measurement Period ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Growth of different stock types of white spruce and lodgepole pine were compared on untreated sites and sites treated by scalping, where the surface soil and vegetation had been removed by bulldozing; mixing, where the vegetation had been incorporated into the underlying soil; and clipping, where the vegetation was clipped. Height increments varied with measurement period but had a pronounced peak around age 9. The slope of the linear regression of height versus age up to 10 years gave estimates of average annual growth rates which were used to compare stock type and treatment effects. The growth rate of a tree of a particular size at the time of the first measurement after outplanting could not be predicted with confidence. However, the pattern of growth rates in a stock type of a species subjected to a particular site treatment exhibited characteristics that could be used to differentiate species, stock, and site-treatment effects. In white spruce, there was a tendency for growth rate to be related to size at first measurement, though with high variability around the trend. In lodgepole pine, growth rate was independent of tree size at first measurement, and showed less variability.

Growth and carcass composition of ram and wether lambs fed at two levels of nutrition

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
The Difference

This experiment examined the effects of two levels of nutrition on growth rate and fat deposition in the subcutaneous, kidney plus channel, omental and mesenteric depots of ram and wether second-cross lambs. Growth rates to slaughter were higher (P< 0.001) in lambs fed at the higher level of nutrition (170 � 5 v. 88 � 3 g/day; mean � s.e.). There was no difference in growth rates between ram and wether lambs at the levels of nutrition imposed. The level of nutrition did not influence fat depots when the comparison was made at the same carcass weight. Ram lambs had less subcutaneous fat than did wethers, the difference increasing (P = 0.06) at heavier carcass weights (1 00 v. 20 1 g increase in subcutaneous fat/kg increase in carcass weight, for rams and wethers respectively). A similar trend was evident in GR tissue depth; consequently, the distribution of fat scores of wether carcasses was closer to the high (fat) end of the range than was the distribution for ram carcasses (P < 0.05). The levels of total solvent-extractable fat in the carcass did not differ between sexes or levels of nutrition.

Stocking rate, joining time, fodder conservation and productivity of Merino ewes. 2. Birth weight, survival and growth of lambs

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
RL Thompson ◽  
JS McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Lamb Growth

In an experiment at Hamilton in western Victoria, groups of 30 Merino ewes were stocked at 11.7, 15.4 or 19.2 ewes ha-1 and joined to Merino rams each year on April 5 or May 8 for five weeks. Hay was conserved on half the number of plots and fed back to the ewes before and during joining. Observations on birth weight, survival, and growth of lambs born between 1970-73 are presented. Both the highest stocking rate and the earlier lambing were associated with a depression of about 7 per cent in the birth weight of twin lambs, but single lambs had similar birth weights on all treatments. Lamb survival was highly variable and there were few significant treatment effects. However, mortalities within 48 hours of birth were lower amongst flocks joined to lamb in October than those lambing in September (single lambs 9.2 per cent vs. 14.7 per cent-twin lambs 19.9 per cent vs. 40.2 per cent). Most of the improvement was attributed to drier conditions and lower windspeeds in October. Lamb growth rates fell with increasing stocking rate but the variation in weaning weight was less than 2 kg. Lambs born in September were about 10 per cent heavier at weaning than those born in October. Compensatory growth after weaning resulted in negligible differences in weight at 12 months between lambs from the different stocking rate treatments, but lambs born in September were still significantly heavier than those born in October.

Comparison of copper sulphate pentahydrate growth rates determined by different methods

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1691-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Karel ◽  
Jiří Hostomský ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Axel König
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Data Treatment

Crystal growth rates of copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5 H2O) determined by different authors and methods are compared. The methods included in this comparison are: (i) Measurement on a fixed crystal suspended in a streaming solution, (ii) measurement on a rotating disc, (iii) measurement in a fluidized bed, (iv) measurement in an agitated suspension. The comparison involves critical estimation of the supersaturation used in measurements, of shape factors used for data treatment and a correction for the effect of temperature. Conclusions are drawn for the choice of values to be specified when data of crystal growth rate measurements are published.

Measurement of growth rates for single crystals and pressed tablets of CuSO4.5 H2O on a rotating disc

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Karel ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Good Agreement

Measured growth and dissolution rates of single crystals and tablets were used to calculate the overall linear rates of growth and dissolution of CuSO4.5 H2O crystals. The growth rate for the tablet is by 20% higher than that calculated for the single crystal. It has been concluded that this difference is due to a preferred orientation of crystal faces on the tablet surface. Calculated diffusion coefficients and thicknesses of the diffusion and hydrodynamic layers in the vicinity of the growing or dissolving crystal are in good agreement with published values.

Changes in growth rate and thyroid- and sex-hormones blood levels in rats under sub-chronic lithium treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Allagui ◽  
N Hfaiedh ◽  
C Vincent ◽  
F Guermazi ◽  
J-C Murat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

Lithium therapy, mainly used in curing some psychiatric diseases, is responsible for numerous undesirable side effects. The present study is a contribution to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying lithium toxicity. Male and female mature rats were divided into three batches and fed commercial pellets: one batch was the control and the second and third batches were given 2 g (Li1) and 4 g (Li2) of lithium carbonate/kg of food/day, respectively. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (FT4), testosterone and estradiol were measured. Attention was also paid to growth rate and a histological examination of testes or vaginal mucosa was carried out. In treated rats, a dose-dependent loss of appetite and a decrease in growth rate were observed, together with symptoms of polydypsia, polyuria and diarrhea. Lithium serum concentrations increased from 0.44 mM (day 7) to 1.34 mM (day 28) in Li1 rats and from 0.66 to 1.45 mM (day 14) in Li2 rats. Li2 treatment induced a high mortality after 14 days, reaching 50-60% in female and male animals. From these data, the LD50 (14 days Li2 chronic treatment) was calculated to be about 0.3 g/day per kilogram of animal, leading to Li serum concentrations of about 1.4 mM. A significant decrease of FT3 and FT4 was observed in treated rats. This effect appeared immediately for the highest dose and was more pronounced for FT3, resulting in an increase of the FT4/FT3 ratio. In males, testosterone decreased and spermatogenesis was stopped. Conversely, in females, estradiol increased in a dose-dependent manner as the animals were blocked in the diestrus phase at day 28. This finding supports a possible antagonistic effect of lithium on the estradiol receptors.

scholarly journals Accuracy of State-Level Surveillance during Emerging Outbreaks of Respiratory Viruses: A Model-Based Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110222
Author(s):  
Yuwen Gu ◽  
Elise DeDoncker ◽  
Richard VanEnk ◽  
Rajib Paul ◽  
Susan Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
State Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
First Come First Serve

It is long perceived that the more data collection, the more knowledge emerges about the real disease progression. During emergencies like the H1N1 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemics, public health surveillance requested increased testing to address the exacerbated demand. However, it is currently unknown how accurately surveillance portrays disease progression through incidence and confirmed case trends. State surveillance, unlike commercial testing, can process specimens based on the upcoming demand (e.g., with testing restrictions). Hence, proper assessment of accuracy may lead to improvements for a robust infrastructure. Using the H1N1 pandemic experience, we developed a simulation that models the true unobserved influenza incidence trend in the State of Michigan, as well as trends observed at different data collection points of the surveillance system. We calculated the growth rate, or speed at which each trend increases during the pandemic growth phase, and we performed statistical experiments to assess the biases (or differences) between growth rates of unobserved and observed trends. We highlight the following results: 1) emergency-driven high-risk perception increases reporting, which leads to reduction of biases in the growth rates; 2) the best predicted growth rates are those estimated from the trend of specimens submitted to the surveillance point that receives reports from a variety of health care providers; and 3) under several criteria to queue specimens for viral subtyping with limited capacity, the best-performing criterion was to queue first-come, first-serve restricted to specimens with higher hospitalization risk. Under this criterion, the lab released capacity to subtype specimens for each day in the trend, which reduced the growth rate bias the most compared to other queuing criteria. Future research should investigate additional restrictions to the queue.

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