scholarly journals Short-Term High-Starch, Low-Protein Diet Induces Reversible Increase in β-cell Mass Independent of Body Weight Gain in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Masuda ◽  
Yusuke Seino ◽  
Masatoshi Murase ◽  
Shihomi Hidaka ◽  
Megumi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
High Starch

Long-term exposure to a high starch, low-protein diet (HSTD) induces body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia concomitantly with an increase in β-cell mass (BCM) and pancreatic islets number in mice; however, the effect of short-term exposure to HSTD on BCM and islet number has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated changes in body weight, plasma insulin levels, BCM and islet number in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by normal chow (NC) for 2 weeks. BCM and islet number were increased in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks compared with those in mice fed NC. On the other hand, mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by NC for 2 weeks (SN) showed decreased BCM and insulin levels, compared to mice fed HSTD for 7 weeks, and no significant differences in these parameters were observed between SN and the control NC at 7 weeks. No significant difference in body weight was observed among HSTD, NC and SN fed groups. These results suggest that a high-starch diet induces an increase in BCM in a manner independent of body weight gain, and that 2 weeks of NC feeding is sufficient for the reversal of the morphological changes induced in islets by HSTD feeding.

scholarly journals The influence of glucagon on the concentration of triacylglycerols and cholesterol in the liver and kidney of mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
J. Klusek ◽  
B. Witek ◽  
J. Klusek ◽  
E. Tomasik ◽  
A. Kamińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Sexually Mature

Abstract. The experiment was performed on sexually mature male Swiss mice to determine the effect of pharmacological doses of glucagon administered over a period of 4 or 8 days on the concentration of triacylglycerols and cholesterol in liver and kidneys of mice selected for fast rate of body weight gain and unselected ones, kept on a high-protein and low-protein diet. On the basis of the results obtained it was concluded that the selection and the diet, as well as glucagon injections, were lowering the content of triacylglycerols and cholesterol in the examined organs of mice, in many cases confirmed in a statistically significant way.

scholarly journals Feeding microparticle protein diet combined with Lactobacillus sp. on existence of intestinal bacteria and growth of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cholis ◽  
N. Suthama ◽  
B. Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Daily Body Weight

The objective of the study was to evaluate feeding effect of microparticle protein derived from soybean meal and fish meal combined with Lactobacillus sp. at 1.2 mL on physiological condition of digestive tract and productivity of broiler. Total of 192 broiler, with initial body weight was 481.0 ± 67.2 g, given dietary treatment starting on day 21 until day 42. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Dietary treatment were 21% intact protein (T0), 18% intact protein (T1), 21% microparticle protein (T2), 18% microparticle protein (T3), T0+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T4), T1+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T5), T2+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T6), T3+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T7). Parameters measured were total ileal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Coliform and pH, rate of passage, daily body weight gain (DWG) and also carcass weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Experimental results showed that microparticle protein diet added with Lactobacillus sp. (P<0.05) increased total LAB and DWG, but decreased Coliform population, and slowed down the rate of passage. However, carcass weight was not significantly affected by treatments. Feeding microparticle protein (18%) with addition of Lactobacillus sp. (1.2 mL) can improve to be better condition of digestive tract based on higher LAB and lower Coliform populations, and increase daily body weight gain with the same carcass weight. 

scholarly journals Dexamethasone Administration in Mice Leads to Less Body Weight Gain over Time, Lower Serum Glucose, and Higher Insulin Levels Independently of NRF2

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Fotini Filippopoulou ◽  
George I. Habeos ◽  
Vagelis Rinotas ◽  
Antonia Sophocleous ◽  
Gerasimos P. Sykiotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Insulin

Glucocorticoids are used widely on a long-term basis in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Their adverse effects include the development of hyperglycemia and osteoporosis, whose molecular mechanisms have been only partially studied in preclinical models. Both these glucocorticoid-induced pathologies have been shown to be mediated at least in part by oxidative stress. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (NRF2) is a central regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective responses. Thus, we hypothesized that NRF2 may play a role in glucocorticoid-induced metabolic disease and osteoporosis. To this end, WT and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) mice of both genders were treated with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone or vehicle 3 times per week for 13 weeks. Dexamethasone treatment led to less weight gain during the treatment period without affecting food consumption, as well as to lower glucose levels and high insulin levels compared to vehicle-treated mice. Dexamethasone also reduced cortical bone volume and density. All these effects of dexamethasone were similar between male and female mice, as well as between WT and Nrf2KO mice. Hepatic NRF2 signaling and gluconeogenic gene expression were not affected by dexamethasone. A 2-day dexamethasone treatment was also sufficient to increase insulin levels without affecting body weight and glucose levels. Hence, dexamethasone induces hyperinsulinemia, which potentially leads to decreased glucose levels, as well as osteoporosis, both independently of NRF2.

scholarly journals Oxytocin Administration Alleviates Acute but Not Chronic Leptin Resistance of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Labyb ◽  
Chloé Chrétien ◽  
Aurélie Caillon ◽  
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
Jordi Altirriba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Whereas leptin administration only has a negligible effect on the treatment of obesity, it has been demonstrated that its action can be improved by co-administration of leptin and one of its sensitizers. Considering that oxytocin treatment decreases body weight in obese animals and humans, we investigated the effects of oxytocin and leptin cotreatment. First, lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with oxytocin for 2 weeks and we measured the acute leptin response. Second, DIO mice were treated for 2 weeks with saline, oxytocin (50 μg/day), leptin (20 or 40 µg/day) or oxytocin plus leptin. Oxytocin pre-treatment restored a normal acute leptin response, decreasing food intake and body weight gain. Chronic continuous administration of oxytocin or leptin at 40 µg/day decreased body weight in the presence (leptin) or in the absence (oxytocin) of cumulative differences in food intake. Saline or leptin treatment at 20 µg/day had no impact on body weight. Oxytocin and leptin cotreatments had no additional effects compared with single treatments. These results point to the fact that chronic oxytocin treatment improves the acute, but not the chronic leptin response, suggesting that this treatment could be used to improve the short-term satiety effect of leptin.

Development of β-cell mass in fetuses of rats deprived of protein and/or energy in last trimester of pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. R623-R630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bertin ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Gangnerau ◽  
Georges Bellon ◽  
Danièle Bailbé ◽  
Annick Arbelot De Vacqueur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Low Protein

Fetal malnutrition is now proposed as a risk factor of later obesity and type II diabetes. We previously analyzed the long-term impact of reduced protein and/or energy intake strictly limited to the last week of pregnancy in Wistar rats. Three protocols of gestational malnutrition were used: 1) low-protein isocaloric diet (5 instead of 15%) with pair feeding to the mothers receiving the control diet, 2) restricted diet (50% of control diet), and 3) low protein-restricted diet (50% of low-protein diet). Only isolated protein restriction induced a long-term β-cell mass decrease. In the present study, we used the same protocols of food restriction to analyze their short-term impact (on day 21.5 of pregnancy) on β-cell mass development. A 50% β-cell mass decrease was present in the three restricted groups, but low-protein diet, either associated or not to energy restriction, increased fetal β-cell insulin content. Among all the parameters analyzed to further explain our results, we found that the fetal plasma level of taurine was lowered by low-protein diet and was the main predictor of the fetal plasma insulin level ( r = 0.63, P < 0.01). In conclusion, rat fetuses exposed to protein and/or energy restriction during the third part of pregnancy have a similar dramatic decrease in β-cell mass, and their ability to recover β-cell mass development retardation depends on the type of malnutrition used. Moreover, our results support the hypothesis that taurine might play an important role in fetal β-cell mass function.

Effect of microbial proteases on the performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed maize-soy bean meal -meat cum bone meal based diets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srilatha ◽  
V. Ravinder Reddy ◽  
V. Chinni Preetam ◽  
S. V. Rama Rao ◽  
Y. Ramana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alkaline Proteases ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Low Protein

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effective combinations of proteases (acid, neutral and alkaline) and their concentrations on performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed on diets containing sub-optimal protein levels. A total of 320 broilers were used in completely randomized design with eight treatments with eight replicates in each treatment and 5chicks in each replicate. Maize-soybean meal (CD) and maize-soybean-meat cum bone meal (BD) based diets were formulated to contain 23, 21 and 19.5% crude protein (CP) and 19.5,18 and 17.5% CP, respectively during pre-starter (1-11 d), starter (12-28d) and finisher (29-42d) phases. All the diets were fed adlibitum from 1d to 42 d of age. The low protein BD were supplemented with two different combinations of proteases (1:1:1 and 2:1:1 acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases, respectively) with total activity of 2000, 4000 and 6000u/kg.The results revealed that the broilers fed CD had significantly higher body weight gain compared to those fed BD. Supplementation of proteases to the BD significantly (P LESS THAN 0.05) improved the body weight gain and feed efficiency during 21 d of age, but not during the latter phase ( 42 d of age) of growth. The broilers fed on CD had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher ready to cook and breast yields compared to those fed the BD or BD with protease supplementation. The relative weight of abdominal fat was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in broilers fed BD with 1:1:1 (acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases) at 4000 u protease / kg diet as compared to BD. It is suggested that addition of proteases to low protein diets had a significant positive effect in young chicken fed on maize-soybean meal and -meat and bone meal based diets.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE AND CORNSTARCH IN LOW-PROTEIN DIETS FED TO RATS EXPOSED TO COLD

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
J. F. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

Young male rats were fed one of three low-protein (5% casein) diets differing in the source of carbohydrate (sucrose, equal parts sucrose and cornstarch, or cornstarch) or a 20% casein (sucrose) diet at environmental temperatures of 24 °C or 5 °C. Replacement of sucrose with starch appeared to have a small but significant effect in increasing body weight gain for 15 days (but not the next 28 days) at 24 °C and also in animals exposed to cold for 28 days after a 15-day feeding period at 24 °C. In disagreement with results reported by Andik et al., cold exposure, although significantly increasing body weight gain and food intake in rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet, did not elicit a weight gain as great as that observed in 20% casein-fed animals at either 24 °C or 5 °C. The 24-hour food intake following a 24-hour fast exceeded the intake on the day before fasting on all diets for animals maintained at 5 °C but not 24 °C. The immediate ([Formula: see text] hour) and 24-hour food intakes of rats at 5 °C exceeded those of comparable dietary groups at 24 °C. At 5 °C, the 24-hour food intake, following the fast, of rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet exceeded that of the 20% casein-fed controls.

Long-term high animal protein diet reduces body weight gain and insulin secretion in diet-induced obese rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (13) ◽  
pp. 2638-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Yiling Wang ◽  
Lichuan Ma ◽  
Jiajun Zhao ◽  
Yinyin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
High Animal ◽  
Obese Rats

scholarly journals Rhythmic neuronal activities of the rat nucleus of the solitary tract are impaired by short-term high fat diet - implications for daily control of satiety by the brainstem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Chrobok ◽  
Jasmin D Klich ◽  
Anna M Sanetra ◽  
Jagoda S Jeczmien-Lazur ◽  
Kamil Pradel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extrinsic Factors

ABSTRACTTemporal partitioning of daily food intake is crucial for survival and involves the integration of internal circadian states and external influences such as the light-dark cycle and the composition of diet. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors are interdependent with misalignment of circadian rhythms promoting body weight gain, while consumption of a calorie dense diet elevates the risk of obesity and blunts circadian rhythms. Since cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer are comorbid with obesity, understanding the relationships between brain activity and diet is of pivotal importance. Recently, we defined for the first time the circadian properties of the dorsal vagal complex of the brainstem, a structure implicated in the control of food intake and autonomic tone, but if and how 24 h rhythms in this area are influenced by diet remains unresolved. Here we focused on a key structure of this complex, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and using a range of approaches, we interrogated how its neuronal and cellular rhythms are affected by high-fat diet. We report that short term consumption of this diet increases food intake during the day and blunts daily rhythms in gene expression and neuronal discharge in the nucleus of the solitary tract. These alterations in this structure occur without prominent body weight gain, suggesting that high-fat diet acts initially to reduce activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract, thereby disinhibiting mechanisms that suppress daytime feeding.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals LOW PROTEIN STARTING DIETS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SUBSEQUENT PULLET PERFORMANCE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
W. F. PEPPER ◽  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Leghorn-type pullets were fed 14 and 20% protein corn–soya diets to 8 weeks of age. The birds on the low protein diet were significantly smaller and consumed less feed than the higher protein-fed birds. At 20 weeks of age pullets fed the low protein starting diet were still significantly smaller than the 20% protein-fed chicks even though similar diets were fed during the growing period. A corn–feathermeal diet resulted in reduced feed intake and body weight gain when fed ad libitum from 8 to 24 weeks as compared with dietary treatments. None of the starting or growing treatments had any effect on hen house performance except for a reduced body weight of those pullets fed the feathermeal diet. The data suggest that a low protein starting diet, followed by a corn–feathermeal (amino acid imbalanced) diet can be fed ad libitum and still achieve reduced weight gain and delayed sexual maturity without any adverse effect on hen house performance.

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