Inheritance of the resistance of Krish sorghum to sugarcane mosaic virus

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Conde ◽  
RF Moore ◽  
DS Fletcher ◽  
DS Teakle
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

When two plants of Krish sorghum resistant to sugarcane mosaic virus were selfed or used in crosses with susceptible inbred lines, the segregation patterns of the S1, F1, bc1F1, F2 and F3 populations indicated that resistance is controlled by a single gene, with resistance dominant. One of the parents of Krish, i.e. Q12117 introduced from Coimbatore, India, as 'Sorghum halepense 2n = 20', is probably the source of the gene for resistance; tests of Q12117 revealed that three out of 34 seedlings were resistant after being inoculated with the virus four times. The relationship of the Krish gene with the N gene, which controls the mosaic and necrotic reactions in sorghums infected with the Australian Johnson grass strain of sugarcane mosaic virus, has not been definitely established, but it could be either closely linked or an additional allele at the N locus. The Krish gene for resistance has been transferred by means of a backcrossing program into several commercial sorghum breeding lines without losing its effectiveness against Australian and some overseas strains of sugarcane mosaic virus.

Population variation in Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, at the northern limits of its range

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
L. D. Black
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Thirteen populations of Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, were sampled from fields in Ontario, Canada, and Ohio and New York, United States. Only four of these populations were reported to overwinter as rhizomes. The morphology, phenology, resource allocation patterns, and growth of seedling and mature plants of the overwintering and the non-overwintering populations were compared. Field-collected specimens from the nonoverwintering populations had wider culms and leaves and larger seeds and inflorescences. Analysis of material grown in a 5-month greenhouse trial indicated similar differences. Greenhouse plants from the nonoverwintering populations were also characterized by greater percent emergence, larger and faster growing seedlings, earlier flowering, larger culms and seeds, greater reproductive dry weight per plant, and about 1/10th the rhizome dry weight of overwintering plants. Differences between populations within a biotype were evident for both biotypes, although there was little within-population variation, except in rhizome production, where certain individuals of some nonoverwintering populations did not produce extended rhizomes. Among the five enzymes which were examined electrophoretically, only one, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), showed variable isozyme patterns. No differences in enzyme patterns were apparent between the overwintering and the nonoverwintering biotypes. The relationship of the nonoverwintering populations to the cultivated species, Sorghum bicolor and S. almum, an introgressant between S. halepense and S. bicolor, is discussed.

Inheritance of the necrotic and mosaic reactions in sorghum infected with a 'Johnson grass' strain of sugarcane mosaic virus

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Teakle ◽  
RF Moore ◽  
DL George ◽  
DE Byth
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Systemic Necrosis ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Plant Colour

When 30 sorghum inbred lines were inoculated with a 'Johnson grass' strain of sugarcane mosaic virus, seven reacted with systemic necrosis whereas 23 developed systemic mosaic symptoms. Nine F1 populations, 11 F2 populations, and 17 F3 populations derived from one F2 were tested for reaction to the virus. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that inheritance of the type of reaction is controlled by a single gene. The gene does not appear to have been reported previously, and the alleles are designated N, n. Presence of the dominant allele results in systemic necrosis, whereas presence of the homozygous recessive results in systemic mosaic symptoms. Colour of the necrosis, i.e. whether red or tan, is controlled by another single gene, probably the factor for purple (P) or tan (p) plant colour. The N and P genes do not appear to be linked.

The resistance of maize inbred lines to sugarcane mosaic virus in Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Persley ◽  
IF Martin ◽  
RS Greber
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Johnson Grass

Maize inbred lines, derived from both Australian and exotic sources, and used in a breeding programme at Kairi, Qld, were screened for resistance to a Johnson grass strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV-Jg). There was a good correlation between ratings made following manual inoculation in a glasshouse and those following exposure to natural field infection. Seven lines were highly resistant in both glasshouse and field ratings. A further nine lines showed an intermediate level of resistance following manual inoculation and developed from 0 to 7 % infection under field conditions when a susceptible line developed 99 % infection. Data obtained following the manual inoculation of plants in segregating generations of crosses between resistant KL 57 and susceptible KL 9 were consistent with resistance being controlled by a single dominant gene. Six lines (Pa 405, CI 44, Tx 601, Oh 07, Oh 7B, 38-11) that were used as sources of resistance to maize dwarf mosaic virus, strain A (MDMV-A) in the U.S.A. developed natural infection levels of less than 15% with SCMV-Jg. Only Pa 405 was highly resistant to manual inoculation. Four of 11 SCMV-Jg resistant lines were also highly resistant to manual inoculations with the sugarcane, Sabi grass and Queensland blue couch grass strains.

Performance of BAS 9052 Applied to Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. James Retzinger ◽  
R. Larry Rogers ◽  
Ronald P. Mowers
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The performance of BAS 9052 {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} was evaluated when applied postemergence to rhizome and seedling johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Bragg’ and ‘Centennial’] when the soybeans had four or five trifoliate leaves (V3 to V4 stages) or when they had six to eight trifoliate leaves (V5 to V7 growth stages). The degree of weed control was more strongly associated with rainfall conditions than with the size of the johnsongrass. An exponential equation was used to describe the relationship of soybean seed yield to BAS 9052 rate. BAS 9052 applications of 0.28 kg ai/ha provided an estimated 98% of the potential soybean yield increase when rainfall was adequate but, 0.41 kg ai/ha was required when the plants were grown under moisture stress. Soybean yields were increased by 260 kg/ha when BAS 9052 was applied at the V3 to V4 compared to the V5 to V7 growth stage.

Effect of different physiological traits on grain yield in barley grown under irrigated and terminal water deficit conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
V. BERMEJO ◽  
B. S. GIMENO
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYDrought is the main factor limiting the productivity of crops in Mediterranean areas. The introduction of physiological traits into crops that improve their tolerance to drought is necessary if yields under these conditions are to be efficiently improved. The effect of drought on different gas exchange variables, i.e. net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf chlorophyll concentration (Chl), and the relationship of these variables with yield were studied in 12 barley genotypes grown under irrigated and terminal drought conditions. The variable most sensitive to water deficit was gs (mean reduction 43% with respect to control conditions), followed by A (mean reduction 34%). The mean reduction of yield by terminal drought was 27%. A significant correlation was seen between these physiological traits and yield. The effect of water deficit on A, gs and Chl was smaller in the breeding lines than in the traditional varieties assayed, in agreement with the results found for yield. These results suggest a potential indirect selection of physiological characteristics in these breeding lines that allow greater tolerance to drought. The response of the different genotypes examined was not homogeneous across all the variables analysed. This variability is important in programmes aiming to obtain drought-tolerant genotypes via the optimization of traits such as those above.

scholarly journals Letter Code System of Nomenclature for Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Fetch ◽  
Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Nomenclature System ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
New System

Current systems that describe the virulence phenotype in Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae lack a systematic approach for the naming of races or to provide easily made comparisons of virulence among races. A new nomenclature system that simply and systematically characterizes virulence in P. graminis f. sp. avenae is described. The new system has the distinct advantage of providing easily seen relationships among races in contrast to previous nomenclature systems. This allows for easier interpretation of virulence relationships in the oat stem rust population and provides a large amount of virulence information with a minimum of written characters. This system uses single-gene differential lines with the resistance genes Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg4, Pg6, Pg8, Pg9, Pg10, Pg12, Pg13, Pg15, and Pg16, grouped into three subsets of four lines in sequential Pg gene order. By grouping in sequential gene number order, the relationship of the new system to the “standard” system is easily seen. Each race is designated by a three-letter code, based on the seedling reaction (low or high) on 12 differential lines. The letter code nomenclature system is open ended and can be updated easily as new differential genes are identified. This system simply and precisely describes the virulence phenotypes of isolates of P. graminis f. sp. avenae, and allows for easily made comparisons of virulence of isolates collected over time and across geographical locations worldwide.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Relationships of Pathogenic Clones of Vibrio cholerae by Sequence Analysis of Four Housekeeping Genes

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1116-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Byun ◽  
Liam D. H. Elbourne ◽  
Ruiting Lan ◽  
Peter R. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Studies of the Vibrio cholerae population, using molecular typing techniques, have shown the existence of several pathogenic clones, mainly sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones. However, the relationship of the pathogenic clones to environmental V. cholerae isolates remains unclear. A previous study to determine the phylogeny of V. cholerae by sequencing the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene of V. cholerae showed that the sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones had very differentasd sequences which fell into separate lineages in theV. cholerae population. As gene trees drawn from a single gene may not reflect the true topology of the population, we sequenced the mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and hlyA(hemolysin A) genes from representatives of environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholerae and found that the mdhand hlyA sequences from the three pathogenic clones were identical, except for the previously reported 11-bp deletion inhlyA in the sixth-pandemic clone. Identical sequences were obtained, despite average nucleotide differences in the mdhand hlyA genes of 1.52 and 3.25%, respectively, among all the isolates, suggesting that the three pathogenic clones are closely related. To extend these observations, segments of the recAand dnaE genes were sequenced from a selection of the pathogenic isolates, where the sequences were either identical or substantially different between the clones. The results show that the three pathogenic clones are very closely related and that there has been a high level of recombination in their evolution.

scholarly journals Soybean Seedcoat Mottling: Association with Soybean mosaic virus and Phomopsis spp. Seed Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Koning ◽  
D. M. TeKrony ◽  
S. A. Ghabrial
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) infection predisposes soybean (Glycine max) seed to Phomopsis spp. seed infection and may induce seedcoat mottling. The extent of seedcoat mottling associated with the accumulation of SMV or Phomopsis spp. infection of the seedcoat was investigated in 1996 and 1997. Plants of two SMV-susceptible cultivars, ‘Clark’ and ‘Williams’, were sap inoculated with the G2 strain of SMV at growth stage R2. Control plants (SMV-resistant isolines L78-434 and L78-379, respectively) were not inoculated. Harvested seed were evaluated visually for seedcoat mottling and sorted into four categories (severe, banded, blemish, and none) according to the degree of seedcoat pigmentation. Seed infection with Phomopsis spp. was determined and SMV accumulation was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid hybridization analysis. Phomopsis spp. were isolated from seed of all mottling categories, with the incidence of infection increasing as the degree of seedcoat mottling increased. SMV was detected in both mottled and nonmottled seedcoats, with generally higher levels of SMV in mottled seedcoats. However, the relationship of SMV titer to seedcoat mottling was inconsistent across cultivars and years. Thus, the extent of seedcoat mottling was not directly related to the accumulation of SMV in the seedcoat.

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