Effect of high intakes of sodium chloride on the utilization of a protein concentrate by sheep. II.* Digestion and absorption of organic matter and electrolytes

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Hemsley ◽  
JP Hogan ◽  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
The Mean

The effects of the ingestion of large amounts of sodium chloride (c. 150 g/day) on digestion and absorption were examined in sheep offered a diet consisting of 89% linseed meal. Although water intake was increased by only 2 litres per day, the rate of flow of fluid from the rumen and digesta from the abomasum increased by 5–6 kg/day and the mean residence time of a soluble marker was reduced from 20 hr to 12 hr. Digestion of organic matter in the stomach was reduced by c. 24% but the reduction in protein digestion was only 10%. The concentrations of protozoa and selenomonads in the rumen were reduced by the salt treatment. Approximately 50% of the ingested sodium and chloride was absorbed from the stomach in sheep on the high salt diet, although levels of sodium and chloride in the rumen did not exceed those in the plasma. Osmotic pressures in the stomach fluids and in the plasma were elevated by the salt treatment, although levels of sodium in plasma were unaffected. Plasma chloride and potassium levels were both increased by the salt treatment. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 709 (1975)

Prevention of fatal hemorrhagic shock in dog by pretreatment with chronic high-salt diet

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (3) ◽  
pp. H577-H584
Author(s):  
A. P. Rocchini ◽  
K. P. Gallagher ◽  
M. J. Botham ◽  
J. H. Lemmer ◽  
C. A. Szpunar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
High Salt ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Blood Flows

The ability of a chronic high-salt diet to prevent fatal hemorrhagic shock was examined in 36 mongrel dogs. Twenty-one dogs received a dietary supplement of 9 g sodium chloride/day for 6 wk, and 15 dogs received the same basic diet for 6 wk but without the sodium chloride supplement. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in all dogs by bleeding into an overhanging sealed reservoir. After 3 h of shock, salt-pretreated dogs had a lower systemic vascular resistance of 0.70 +/- 0.02 versus 1.44 +/- 0.04 mmHg X ml-1 X min X kg (P less than 0.01) and a higher cardiac output of 53 +/- 3 versus 26 +/- 3 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (P less than 0.01) than was observed in controls. At 2.5 h of shock, the salt-pretreated dogs also experienced an increase in gastrointestinal (P less than 0.01), hepatic arterial, (P less than 0.05), kidney (P less than 0.05), brain (P less than 0.01), and heart blood flows (P less than 0.001) compared with 0.5 h of shock, whereas the control dogs experienced no increased flow during this same period. We also observed that after 3 h of hypotension there was a significantly smaller increase in plasma renin activity in the salt-pretreated dogs. Administration of 0.1 U X kg-1 X min-1 of hog renin eliminated the differences in systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, and survival in five salt-pretreated dogs.

scholarly journals Time course of decompensation after angiotensin II and high-salt diet in Balb/CJ mice suggests pulmonary hypertension-induced cardiorenal syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. R563-R570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mediha Becirovic-Agic ◽  
Sofia Jönsson ◽  
Maria K. Tveitarås ◽  
Trude Skogstrand ◽  
Tine V. Karlsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet

The genetic background of a mouse strain determines its susceptibility to disease. C57BL/6J and Balb/CJ are two widely used inbred mouse strains that we found react dramatically differently to angiotensin II and high-salt diet (ANG II + Salt). Balb/CJ show increased mortality associated with anuria and edema formation while C57BL/6J develop arterial hypertension but do not decompensate and die. Clinical symptoms of heart failure in Balb/CJ mice gave the hypothesis that ANG II + Salt impairs cardiac function and induces cardiac remodeling in male Balb/CJ but not in male C57BL/6J mice. To test this hypothesis, we measured cardiac function using echocardiography before treatment and every day for 7 days during treatment with ANG II + Salt. Interestingly, pulsed wave Doppler of pulmonary artery flow indicated increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricle systolic pressure in Balb/CJ mice, already 24 h after ANG II + Salt treatment was started. In addition, Balb/CJ mice showed abnormal diastolic filling indicated by reduced early and late filling and increased isovolumic relaxation time. Furthermore, Balb/CJ exhibited lower cardiac output compared with C57BL/6J even though they retained more sodium and water, as assessed using metabolic cages. Left posterior wall thickness increased during ANG II + Salt treatment but did not differ between the strains. In conclusion, ANG II + Salt treatment causes early restriction of pulmonary flow and reduced left ventricular filling and cardiac output in Balb/CJ, which results in fluid retention and peripheral edema. This makes Balb/CJ a potential model to study the adaptive capacity of the heart for identifying new disease mechanisms and drug targets.

Renal function and sodium balance in conscious Dahl S and R rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (5) ◽  
pp. R833-R841 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Roman ◽  
J. L. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Renal Tubular

Renal transplantation studies have indicated that some form of renal dysfunction underlies the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats. In the present study, we compared renal hemodynamic and tubular function of conscious Dahl S and salt-resistant (R) rats. Prehypertensive Dahl S rats had a blunted natriuretic response to an intravenous isotonic sodium chloride load compared with the responses of normotensive Dahl R or hypertensive Dahl S rats. This difference was probably not related to a generalized defect in renal tubular handling of sodium and water, since prehypertensive Dahl S rats excreted quantities of sodium comparable to those of R or hypertensive S rats when infused with hypertonic sodium chloride solutions. Dahl S rats also elevated free water clearance and lowered urine osmolality similar to R rats when challenged with a hypotonic saline load. Renal blood flows and glomerular filtration rates were similar in prehypertensive Dahl S, hypertensive Dahl S, and Dahl R rats. The possible link between sodium retention and the development of hypertension in Dahl S rats was examined further by measuring the changes in sodium and water balance, extracellular fluid volume (ECV), and blood pressure after exposure to an 8% sodium chloride diet. No differences could be detected in the salt and water balances of Dahl S and R rats exposed to a high-salt diet for 14 days. ECV increased significantly by 10% in Dahl S rats on the 1st day of a high-salt diet, whereas no change was observed in Dahl R animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Rutin and quercetin show greater efficacy than nifedipin in ameliorating hemodynamic, redox, and metabolite imbalances in sodium chloride-induced hypertensive rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Olaleye ◽  
OO Crown ◽  
AC Akinmoladun ◽  
AA Akindahunsi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Rutin And Quercetin

Rutin and quercetin were investigated for their effects on blood pressure and antioxidant defense system of rats fed with 8% sodium chloride-supplemented diet (high salt diet) for 6 weeks. Animals fed with high salt diet demonstrated an increase in systolic, diastolic, pulse, and mean arterial blood pressures ( p < 0.05) as well as lipid peroxidation but decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared with control group. Groups post-treated with rutin and quercetin for 2 weeks showed significant reversals in the values of these indices compared with the group fed with only the high salt diet but not post-treated. The high salt diet also led to significant increase in serum glucose, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, low-density-lipoprotein, and total cholesterol concentrations. Treatment with rutin and quercetin ameliorated the effects of high salt diet on these biochemical indices. The reference standard, nifedipin was less effective than rutin and quercetin. The results of this study highlight the risk of high salt consumption on cardiovascular health and the potent antioxidant and antihypertensive property of rutin and quercetin.

Requirements of sodium chloride during summer in the tropics

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Malhotra ◽  
B. K. Sharma ◽  
R. Sivaraman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Requirement ◽  
Chloride Excretion ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Data are presented on salt requirements in the tropics, based on observations on 24 acclimatized Indian subjects given diets containing 16.2, 11.2, 8.7, 6.2 and 3.1 gm of salt per day. Adequacy of salt diet was tested from the chloride excretion in urine and from the changes observed in thiocyanate space and plasma chloride concentration at the start and after the subjects had been on the restricted salt diet for a week. Sweat and chloride losses at different environmental temperatures were studied. The salt requirement of subjects walking for 2 hours in the sun at a speed of about 3.5 mph was found to be about 6.2 gm/day when the mean maximum environmental temperature was 100.7℉ D.B. The requirement was found to increase by 0.063 gm/℉ rise in D.B. temperature for 2 hours' exercise. Submitted on September 12, 1958

Effect of high intakes of sodium chloride on the utilization of a protein concentrate by sheep. I. Wool growth

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Hemsley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Both the water intakes and wool growth rates of sheep fed on a high protein diet (37% crude protein), consisting mainly of linseed meal, were significantly increased when salt (c. 130 g sodium chloride per day) was given in both the food and drinking water. Offering the food once a day resulted in a higher wool growth response to salt (22%) as compared with offering the food at 3-hr intervals (14%). It is suggested that the effects of salt were due to reduced ruminal degradation of protein, which remained in the rumen for a shorter time than usual when salt was given.

scholarly journals CYP2C11 played a significant role in down-regulating rat blood pressure under the challenge of a high-salt diet

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6807
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Danjuan Sui ◽  
Huanying Ye ◽  
Zhen Ouyang ◽  
Yuan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Renal Expression

Background Arachidonic acid (AA) is oxidized by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), compounds that modulate ion transport, gene expression, and vasorelaxation. Both CYP2Cs and CYP2Js are involved in kidney EET epoxidation. Methods In this study, we used a CYP2C11-null rat model to explore the in vivo effects of CYP2C11 on vasorelaxation. For 2 months, CYP2C11-null and wild-type (WT) Sprague-Dawley rats were either fed normal lab (0.3% (w/w) sodium chloride) or high-salt (8% (w/w) sodium chloride) diets. Subsequently, an invasive method was used to determine blood pressure. Next, western blots, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine renal expression of CYPs involved in AA metabolism. Results Among CYP2C11-null rats, a high-salt diet (females: 156.79 ± 15.89 mm Hg, males: 130.25 ± 16.76 mm Hg, n = 10) resulted in significantly higher blood pressure than a normal diet (females: 118.05 ± 8.43 mm Hg, P < 0.01; males: 115.15 ± 11.45 mm Hg, P < 0.05, n = 10). Compared with WT rats under the high-salt diet, western blots showed that CYP2C11-null rats had higher renal expression of CYP2J2 and CYP4A. This was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry and the qPCR, respectively. The two rat strains did not differ in the renal expression of CYP2C23 or CYP2C24. Conclusion Our findings suggested that CYP2C11 plays an important role in lowering blood pressure under the challenge of a high-salt diet.

scholarly journals Aldosterone modulates thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter abundance via DUSP6-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (10) ◽  
pp. F1119-F1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyan Feng ◽  
Yiqian Zhang ◽  
Ningjun Shao ◽  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Zhizhi Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Sodium Chloride Cotransporter ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Low Salt

Thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. Aldosterone is known to modulate NCC abundance. Previous studies reported that dietary salts modulated NCC abundance through either WNK4 [with no lysine (k) kinase 4]-SPAK (Ste20-related proline alanine-rich kinase) or WNK4-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. To exclude the influence of SPAK signaling pathway on the role of the aldosterone-mediated ERK1/2 pathway in NCC regulation, we investigated the effects of dietary salt changes and aldosterone on NCC abundance in SPAK knockout (KO) mice. We found that in SPAK KO mice low-salt diet significantly increased total NCC abundance while reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas high-salt diet decreased total NCC while increasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Importantly, exogenous aldosterone administration increased total NCC abundance in SPAK KO mice while increasing DUSP6 expression, an ERK1/2-specific phosphatase, and led to decreasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation without changing the ratio of phospho-T53-NCC/total NCC. In mouse distal convoluted tubule (mDCT) cells, aldosterone increased DUSP6 expression while reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. DUSP6 Knockdown increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation while reducing total NCC expression. Inhibition of DUSP6 by (E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reversed the aldosterone-mediated increments of NCC partly by increasing NCC ubiquitination. Therefore, these data suggest that aldosterone modulates NCC abundance via altering NCC ubiquitination through a DUSP6-dependent ERK1/2 signal pathway in SPAK KO mice and part of the effects of dietary salt changes may be mediated by aldosterone in the DCTs.

High salt diet elevates the mean arterial pressure of SLC14α1 gene depletion mice

Life Sciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 117751
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Jinshu Liu ◽  
Hongwei Cai ◽  
Keyuan Liu ◽  
Yayu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
High Salt ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals High-Salt Diet Has a Certain Impact on Protein Digestion and Gut Microbiota: A Sequencing and Proteome Combined Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Zixin Huang ◽  
Kequan Yu ◽  
Ruiling Ding ◽  
Keping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet
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