Comparisons of liveweight gain and changes in carcass composition between buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Bos taurus steers

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Johnson ◽  
DD Charles
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
The Mean

Comparisons of liveweight gain, carcass tissue weight gain and carcass composition were made between buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) steers and Angus, Friesian and Hereford steers, and among the three Bos taurus breeds following similar periods of lot-feeding. After a high-grain concentrate feeding regime for 182–205 days, mean daily liveweight gains were Herefords, 1.08 kg; Friesians, 0.88 kg; Angus, 0.72 kg; and buffaloes, 0.67 kg. At the commencement of lot-feeding, mean carcass composition was similar among Bos breeds whilst the buffaloes had higher proportions of muscle and bone and a lower proportion of fat. After lot-feeding there were slight changes only in the mean carcass composition of the buffaloes, whereas there were large changes in and among Bos breeds. An analysis of carcass weight gain showed that liveweight gain did not reflect differential tissue growth. The buffaloes, with a liveweight gain of 87 kg, gained 31.7 kg muscle and 9.3 kg fat. Corresponding gains in Bos breeds were Herefords, 141 kg liveweight for 31.3 kg muscle and 62.7 kg fat; Friesians, 108 kg liveweight for 3 2 8 kg muscle and 19.3 kg fat; and Angus, 98 kg liveweight for 12.5 kg muscle and 57.8 kg fat. The respective increases in weight of muscle and fat expressed as percentages of liveweight increase were buffaloes, 36.4 and 10.7; Herefords, 22.2 and 44.5; Friesians, 30.4 and 17.9; and Angus, 12.8 and 59.0. Regression equations for percentages of muscle, bone and fat on chilled carcass weight are given for the three Bos taurus breeds and the buffaloes.

scholarly journals A comparison of carcass proportions in Czech Pied and Montbeliarde bulls with a high carcass weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chládek ◽  
J. Žižlavský ◽  
J. Šubrt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Carcass Conformation

The aim of the experiment was to compare the carcass composition of 20 Montbeliarde bulls (M) and 20 Czech Pied bulls (C). The carcass weight of the animals in one group varied minimally and was about 380 kg. The Montbeliarde bulls showed a higher growth rate, expressed by a significantly lower (P < 0.01) age at slaughter (562.6 vs. 626 days) while the live weight (682.9 vs. 690.6 kg) and carcass weight (380.4 vs. 382.6 kg) were comparable, which resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.01) daily weight gain (1.142 vs. 1.045 kg) and net weight gain (0.676 vs. 0.615 kg). The Montbeliarde bulls showed a greater (P < 0.05) height at rump (144.0 vs. 140.2 cm), worse carcass conformation according to SEUROP (3.24 vs. 2.84), lower proportion of forequarter (44.7 vs. 45.7%) and higher proportion of hindquarter (55.3 vs. 54.3%). As for the carcass composition, no significant inter-breed differences were found in weights and proportions of shanks, meat trimmings, separable fat, bones, round, loin, filet, flank with rib, flank, shoulder and chuck. The Montbeliarde bulls had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) weight and proportion of neck (10.1 vs. 11.1 kg and 5.4 vs. 5.9%) and weight of brisket and rib (17.6 vs. 18.7 kg) and proportion of brisket and rib (9.4 vs. 9.9%, P < 0.01).    

Carcass composition in four sheep breeds: the importance of type of breed and stage of maturity

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
H. J. H. MacFie ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy ◽  
D. J. Twinn
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Omental Fat ◽  
Mature Size

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effects of type of breed on carcass composition, an examination was made of 361 lambs from four breeds: Clun Forest and Colbred (termed ewe breeds); and Suffolk and Hampshire (termed ram breeds). The animals were in four carcass weight groups averaging 15, 17, 19 and 21 kg.Percentage subcutaneous fat was influenced more by carcass weight than by breed, whereas both carcass weight and breed had similar effects on percentage lean. At the mean carcass weight of 18 kg, Colbreds, the leanest breed, had a similar value for percentage lean (about 57 % of carcass tissue weight) to the carcasses over all breeds weighing 15 kg; and Cluns, the fattest breed, had a similar value (about 54%) to those weighing 21 kg. Since the ram breeds were intermediate in composition between the two ewe breeds there was no effect of type of breed on carcass composition. The breed differences were related to eventual mature size and to the stage of maturity at each carcass weight, as judged by body length and bone weight measurements. However, Colbreds were bigger and leaner than published estimates of their mature weight suggested. Humerus weight was a good predictor of lean or total fat weight, explaining 83 % ofvariation when used as a predictor along with carcass weight.Type of breed had a marked effect on internal fat deposition, the ewe breeds having heavier weights of both kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) and caul fat (omental fat) than the ram breeds; and on the length oflimb bones, the ewe breeds having longer but thinner bones than the ram breeds. The order of the relative growth of the tissues and fat depots was: subcutaneous fat > caul fat > KKCF > intermuscular fat > lean > bone. Therefore, the internal fat depots were later maturing than intermuscular fat.The percentage of prime cuts in the carcass was not affected by carcass weight. Colbreds had significantly lower values than the other breeds. Suffolks had the lowest lean to bone ratio.

Carcass composition and tissue weight distribution in purebred lambs from six breeds

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
A. J. Brown ◽  
B. W. Butler-Hogg ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Mature Size

Future improvements in British lamb sales depend on increasing the lean to fat ratio in cuts and joints offered for sale, since numerous surveys have shown an aversion to fat on the part of consumers. This ratio can be changed by manipulating breed and live weight at slaughter, since breeds of large mature size slaughtered at light weights are considerably leaner than those of small mature size slaughtered at heavy weights. However, there are other aspects of carcass value than overall lean and fat content. These include factors such as the proportions of individual joints and their composition. This study was carried out to examine carcass composition and carcass quality changes between 12 and 24 kg cold carcass weight (CCW) in 317 castrated males and 238 females from six pure breeds.

Corrigendum - Comparative breed studies of beef cattle. III. Carcass composition

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
NM Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Breed Comparison

An investigation was made of published data on the carcass composition of cattle, based on dissection of carcasses into bone, muscle, and fat. The data included females and castrate males, without regard to breed, age, or nutritional history. It was found that the relation between each carcass component and empty body weight could be described by a linear regression equation by using logarithmic values for the variables. The differential growth ratios given by the regression equations indicated, as empty body weight increased, that: (a) the weight of each of the dissected carcass components (i.e. bone, muscle, and fat) also increased; (b) the proportion of carcass bone fell, that of fat increased, and that of muscle remained almost constant. The relations between dissected bone, muscle, and fat and carcass weight were similar to those obtained between dissected carcass components and empty body weight. To obtain evidence on whether the differential growth ratios between dissected carcass components and empty body weight or carcass weight showed any change throughout post-natal life, quadratic equations were computed by using logarithmic values for the variables. These ratios fell for all carcass components, but in only three out of six equations were the quadratic terms statistically significant. This re-examination of published data indicates that any comparisons of the carcass composition of cattle may be invalid unless they are made at the same body (or carcass) weights. In addition, a comparison made by using regression equations, with the variables expressed as percentages, is confusing because it may not reveal abnormal composition in animals of particular weights. A satisfactory type of analysis can be made by using regression techniques with the original data. The above principles of analysis were applied in a breed comparison study of the carcass composition of 28 Hereford, 25 Angus, and 18 Shorthorn steers. These cattle comprised two age groups, born in 1957 and 1958 respectively. Carcass composition was estimated by dissecting, into bone, muscle and fat, the left and right 11th ribcuts from the carcasses of the 1957 steers, and the 9th–10th–11th rib-cuts from the left sides of the carcasses of the 1958 steers. When the rib-cut data were plotted, the relations appeared linear; the data were therefore analysed by using linear regressions with arithmetical values for the variables. Results showed that the fat content was greater and the muscle content smaller in the rib-cuts of the Shorthorns in both years than in those of either Hereford or Angus steers. Differences between Herefords and Angus were small. In view of the high correlations found by other workers between the results of rib-cut dissections and carcass composition, it is assumed that the breed differences reported here in rib-cut composition were reflections of breed differences in carcass composition. The carcass compositions of the cattle used in the breed comparison study were also estimated from hot carcass weight by using regression equations derived from the literature. A comparison of the two methods of estimating carcass composition suggests that, if hot carcass weight is to be used, regression equations will need to be developed for each breed in various environments.

Effects of three different growth rates on empty body weight, carcass weight and dissected carcass composition of cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murray ◽  
N. M. Tulloh ◽  
W. H. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
General Group ◽  
Relative Growth

SUMMARYA study was made of the effect on body composition of growing Angus steers from 300 to 440 kg at three different rates. The rates were: High (H) 0·8 kg/day, Low (L) 0·4 kg/day and High-Maintenance (HM) 0·8 kg/day followed by a period during which body weight was maintained constant.The animals were individually penned and the different growth rates were achieved by controlling intakes of a pelleted feed. Two animals (part of H treatment) were killed at 300 kg and the remaining 27 animals (nine in each treatment), were killed at common body weights of 330, 363, 400 and 440 kg.Analyses of covariance were used to compare linear regression equations representing results from each treatment. In order to do this, the logarithmic transformation of the allometric equation, y = axb, was used. As a proportion of empty body weight (EBW), hot carcass weight (HCW) was greater in both the HM and L groups than in the H group, indicating a greater offal component of EBW in the H animals. The loss in weight of the dressed carcass during storage at 2 °C for 24 h was similar in all three groups and was 0·98% of HCW. The proportions of HCW in the fore- and hind-quarters were similar in each group.At the same dissected side weight (DSW), the weight of bone was significantly greater in both the HM and L groups than in the H group indicating that bone development was related to both age and carcass weight. There were no significant differences between the groups in the proportions of either muscle or total fat. However, the proportion of kidney and channel fat in the H group was greater than in the HM and L groups and the proportion of subcutaneous fat was also greater in the H than in the L group. The amount of connective tissue in the three groups followed, in general, group differences in bone. Analyses of the dissected components of the separate fore- and hind-quarters showed that the difference between the H and L groups in the proportion of subcutaneous fat in the DSW was due to a relatively greater development of this fat in the fore-quarter of the H animals.No differences were found between treatments in the proportion of ‘expensive muscles’ relative to total side muscle (TSM). However, there were treatment effects on the proportions of TSM formed by certain groups of muscles; two examples are: the proportion of group 4 muscles (abdominal muscles) was higher and the proportion of group 6 muscles (distal muscles of the fore-leg) was lower in the H than in the L treatments. Bone weight distribution was similar in all treatments.There were differences between the H and HM groups in the relative growth ratios for all fat tissues (subcutaneous, intermuscular and kidney and channel fat) compared with total side fat. However, in the H and L groups, the relative growth ratios for corresponding fat categories were similar. The weight of kidney and channel fat in the left side of the carcass was significantly greater than in the right side of the carcass in all treatments.

Effects of clover in the diet of grazed lambs on production and carcass composition

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Vipond ◽  
G. Swift ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
G. Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Tissue Lipids

AbstractThe effect of grazing clover on ewes and lambs was studied using nitrogen-fertilized grass (G) and grass/white clover pastures (GC) containing proportionately 0·18 clover. Carcasses of lambs grazed on GC were significantly heavier than carcasses of lambs grazed on G pastures. An interaction with weaning occurred. Carcasses from lambs grazed on GC for 53 days post weaning were 2·3 kg heavier (F < 0·01) but lambs slaughtered at weaning had similar carcass weights. Diet had no effect on relative joint components of carcasses. The effect of clover in the diet on carcass weight was attributed to higher levels of protein retention.Analysis of the fatty acid composition of intramuscular and subcutaneous and perirenal lipids indicated small but significant effects of diet. Lean tissue lipids of lambs grazing clover showed significant increases in C18:2 and reduced C20: 5 fatty acids. In tissue fats there were small increases in C14:0, C16:0 and C18:2 with reduced C18:1 content.Twin suckled lambs grazing GC for 94 days from turn-out in early April showed increased live-weight gain over lambs on G of 336 v. 287 g/day (s.e.d. 84; P < 0.001). Post weaning live-weight gain of lambs was 173 and 221 g/day on G and GC respectively. Sward height was maintained at 5.18 and 5.24 (s.e.d. 0.075) cm on G and GC paddocks by adjusting ewe numbers. GC pastures carried proportionately 0.82 of the stock on G pastures but output of lamb was similar at 1289 and 1247 kg/ha for G and GC respectively.Results showed that the production penalty of lower stocking rate associated with grass/clover v. grass fertilized with 190 kg nitrogen per ha was ameliorated by higher lamb live-weight gain and carcass weight without change in joint composition or nutritionally significant change in fatty acid composition of carcass tissues.

The effects of quantity and duration of milk feeding on the intake of concentrates and growth of castrated male Saanen kids to slaughter

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yan ◽  
J. E. Cook ◽  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
W. E. Ivings ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Weaning Age

AbstractTo examine the possibility of reducing milk substitute costs in artificial rearing of goat kids, 36 castrated male Saanen kids at 2 days of age were randomly allocated across six treatments in a 2×3 factorial design experiment. Milk substitute was provided for the kids over a period of 28 or 39 days, and daily levels of milk substitute dry matter (DM) intake were 0·140,0·176 or 0·272 kg.Increasing the level of milk substitute offered had no significant effect on intake of concentrate up to weaning, but did significantly reduce the total intake of concentrate through to slaughter. Weaning after 39 days, as opposed to 28 days, also significantly reduced the total intake of concentrates. However, there was no difference when the same total quantity of milk substitute was consumed over different periods. Increasing the daily intake of milk substitute significantly increased daily live-weight gain to weaning, but tended to increase the time taken by kids to regain their weaning weight following cessation of milk substitute intake. However, milk substitute level and weaning age did not significantly affect overall daily live-weight gain or the length of time taken to reach 28 kg.Eight additional kids were slaughtered at 2 days of age to develop regression equations relating initial body composition to live weight. These relationships were similar to others published for 2-day-old Saanen kids. Treatments had no significant effect on overall rates of fat, crude protein, water, ash and energy gain or on final body composition, carcass weight or carcass composition when kids were slaughtered at a live weight of 28 kg. These data suggest that savings in milk substitute may be achieved by reducing the weaning age and/or the daily intake level.

Carcass composition in lambs of Greek dairy breeds of sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zygoyiannis ◽  
K. Stamataris ◽  
S. Kouimtzis ◽  
J. M. Doney
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTNine male and nine female lambs each from the Karagouniko (K), Chios (C) and East Friesland (F) breeds were weaned at a mean age of 50 days and were killed over a commercial range of live weight from 16 to 44 kg (carcass weights 6 to 22 kg).Carcass weight was linearly related to fasted live weight prior to slaughter (r = 0·994). There were significant but small differences between breeds in mean weight of lungs, pelt and internal fat. The carcass components of bone, muscle and fat tissues were related to carcass weight by linear or quadratic regression. Adjusted to mean carcass weight, the mean weight of bone did not differ between breeds (2·82 kg, s.e. = 0·056 at 12·8 kg carcass). The K and C lambs had significantly less muscle than the F lambs (6·77, 6·63 and 8·20 kg, respectively, s.e.d. = 0·094) and more fat (2·87, 2·95 and 1·29 kg, respectively, s.e.d. = 0·017) when compared at mean carcass weight. The breed differences were significant over the whole range whether compared at equal weight or at an equal proportion of estimated mature weight. At the same proportion of carcass fat, corresponding to the United Kingdom market average (250 g/kg) the calculated carcass weights were 16, 17 and 30 kg, respectively, for K, C and F lambs.It is concluded that the Friesland breed differs from many others in the proportions of muscle or fat at corresponding carcass weights but this difference is not a general characteristic of dairy sheep. Comparison of breeds at defined proportions of carcass components, as determined by market standards, can be effectively achieved by serial slaughter over a suitable weight range.

The accretion and distribution of carcass tissues in steers during growth between 9 and 15 months of age

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Charles
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tissue Accretion

Carcass muscle, fat and bone weights, and distribution in 12 Brahman x Hereford steers between 9 and 15 months of age were obtained by carcass side dissection. The tissue proportions of liveweight and carcass weight at mean age 13 months, and the regression estimates of tissue accretion and distribution were compared. The carcass muscle and bone components of liveweight gain decreased by 18 and 24% respectively, and carcass fat increased by 64% when all tissues were compared to composition at 13 months of age. The tissue components relative to carcass weight gain followed the same pattern. The decrease in muscle and bone growth relative to liveweight gain was greater in the hindquarters. Whereas hindquarter muscle, fat and bone were 530, 570 and 450 g/kg respectively of carcass muscle, fat and bone at the mean age of slaughter, they were 500, 570 and 420 g/kg of the respective carcass tissue accretions between 9 and 15 months. The disproportionate decrease in muscle accretion between the carcass quarters was largely a result of differences in growth among the 26 heaviest carcass muscles.

The estimation of pig carcass composition from different measurements with special reference to classification and grading

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diestre ◽  
A. J. Kempster
Keyword(s):  
Optical Probe ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cut Surface

AbstractData for 1002 pigs slaughtered between 1979 and 1982 from the Meat and Livestock Commission's Commercial Pig Evaluation scheme were used to examine the relative precision of different measurements for predicting carcass lean concentration. The sample covered the main market weights in Britain and comprised gilts and barrows. The overall means of carcass weight and lean concentration were 66·1 (s.d. 20·00) kg and 499 (s.d. 44·2) g/kg. Predictors were examined when used in addition to carcass weight.Of the measurements taken on the intact or centre-split carcass, fat thickness measured by optical probe 65 mm from the dorsal mid line over the m. longissimus at the last rib was the most precise predictor of lean concentration (residual s.d. = 24·6 g/kg). The precision was improved significantly when a mid-line loin fat thickness measurement was added (residual s.d. = 23·7). The stability of the selected regression equations was examined by applying them to data for three other sets of carcasses (totalling 489 carcasses) sampled from commercial abattoirs between 1975 and 1983. Biases (predicted minus actual lean concentrations) ranged from +13 to −25 g/kg.Among the measurements taken on the cut surface at the last rib, fat thickness 8 cm from the dorsal mid line was the most precise predictor (residual s.d. = 22·4 g/kg). The precision was improved significantly when m. longissimus depth was added (residual s.d. = 20·3 g/kg). Prediction bias with these measurements was similar to that recorded with the intact or split-carcass measurements. In both cases, bias tended to increase with the number of independent variables in the prediction equations.

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