Studies on the susceptibility of varieties of apple to the feeding of two strains of woolly aphis (Homoptera) and relation to the chemical content of the tissues of the host

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Sen Gupta ◽  
PW Miles
Keyword(s):  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Two strains of woolly aphis have been demonstrated in South Australia, the one ('Blackwood strain') able to attack varieties of apple resistant to the other ('Clare strain'). Both strains display well-defined differences in the ease with which they can colonize different varieties of apple and different parts of any one variety. These differences tend to be related to the composition of the tissues with respect to α-amino nitrogen and phenolics, but the most clear-cut correlation is an inverse one between the susceptibility of tissues and the ratio of phenolics to α-amino nitrogen in the tissue.

scholarly journals From reflex to reflection: Moving from the space of causes to the space of reasons and back

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-693
Author(s):  
Ariel Furstenberg
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Space Of Reasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Picture

AbstractThis article proposes to narrow the gap between the space of reasons and the space of causes. By articulating the standard phenomenology of reasons and causes, we investigate the cases in which the clear-cut divide between reasons and causes starts to break down. Thus, substituting the simple picture of the relationship between the space of reasons and the space of causes with an inverted and complex one, in which reasons can have a causal-like phenomenology and causes can have a reason-like phenomenology. This is attained by focusing on “swift reasoned actions” on the one hand, and on “causal noisy brain mechanisms” on the other hand. In the final part of the article, I show how an analogous move, that of narrowing the gap between one’s normative framework and the space of reasons, can be seen as an extension of narrowing the gap between the space of causes and the space of reasons.

Early Bantu Ethnography from a Philological Point of View

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. v. Warmelo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compact Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphFew of the secrets that Africa still holds from us to-day have, I think, such an absorbing interest as the problem of Bantu in its relation to the neighbouring families and types of speech. Taking the continent of Africa as a whole, we find on the one hand the huge, yet marvellously homogeneous and compact body of the Bantu languages, clear-cut in structure, simple and transparent in phonology, and, at the back of much apparent diversity, exceptionally uniform in vocabulary. On the other hand there are in Africa numerous other languages of various type, which differ so much amongst each other that they have not yet been brought under any but the very broadest of classifications. The essential points of these are as follows.

The institutional basis of anglophone western centrality

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Afonso de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Contribution ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Non-western scholars usually face a dilemma if they want to pursue an international scholarly career: On the one hand, mastering western media theories is mandatory for taking part in international forums and exchanging experiences with people from different parts of the world; on the other hand, these theories are, in many aspects, foreign to their cultural backgrounds and, in many cases, seem inadequate for describing their own societies. My personal contribution to the debate arises from the fact that, although having some experience in participating in Anglophonic communication meetings and publishing in international academic vehicles, I never had first-hand experience, either as a student or as a professor, in American or European universities. In consequence, I was exposed to Western Anglophonic theories without being socialized in a scholarly environment in which they are taken as ‘natural’. Based on this experience, I contend that the global impact of western theories cannot be explained only by their intrinsic merits, but as the result of the socialization of scholars from all parts on the world in western educational institutions, and the networks built around them.

Towards a General Theory of Reduction. Part III: Cross-Categorical Reduction

Dialogue ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mental Function ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
State Association ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Any theory of reduction that goes only so far as carried in Parts I and II ([165], [166]) does only half the job. Prima facie at least, there are cases of would-be reduction which seem torn between two conflicting intuitions. On the one side there is a strong intuition that reduction is involved, and a strongly retentive reduction at that. On the other side it seems that the concepts at one level cross-classify those at the other level, so that there is no way to identify properties at one level with those at the other. There is evidence to suggest that there will be no unique mental state/neural state association that can be set up, because, e.g., many different parts of the nervous system are all capable of taking over ‘control’ of the one mental function. And it is alleged that infinitely many, worse: indefinitely many, different bio-chemo-physical states could correspond to the economic property ‘has a monetary system of economic exchange’; and similarly for the property ‘has just won a game of tennis’. Yet one doesn't want an economic system or a game of tennis to be some ghostly addition to the actual bio-chemo-physical processes and events involved (cf. Rudner [188]). Similarly one hopes that neurophysiology allied with the rest of natural science will render human experience and behaviour explicable.

A survival study of Escherichia coli in a south African river using membrane diffusion chambers

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. E. de Wet ◽  
S. N. Venter ◽  
N. Rodda ◽  
R. Kfir ◽  
M. C. Steynberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Membrane Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Chambers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival Pattern ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Studies to describe the survival of Escherichia coli were performed at two sites in a river. The one site was dominated by domestic discharge and the other by industrial inputs. E coli suspensions within membrane diffusion chambers were immersed in the river at the selected sites. An identical chamber was submerged in river water in the laboratory as a comparison. Two test runs were performed, one during winter (July) and one during summer (December). Samples to determine the survival of E coli was taken on a scheduled basis. Results obtained showed no significant difference between the survival pattern of E coli as determined during the summer and winter periods or in the different parts of the river. The same survival pattern was observed for the studies performed in the laboratory.

LOCAL SPIRITS OF THE MANSI PEOPLE: LOCI, SPACE, TIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Nadeshda V. Lukina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The People ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The One ◽  
Space Ties ◽  
Extensive List ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Spatial Area

The article is prepared on the base of works by K.F. Karjalainen, A. Kannisto, V.N. Chernetsov, E.I. Rombandeeva, R.K. Bardina, I.N. Gemuev, A.I. Sagalaev, A.V. Baulo. Based on the classification of Karjalainen, the author refers the ancestral (family), village and territorial spirits to the local spirits. By their origin, they are famous ancestors, founders of villages, former personal spirits, and sons of the supreme god Numi-Tōrum. The list of local spirits fixed on the rivers Severnaya Sosva with Ob region, Lyapin / Sygva, Lozva, Pelym, Tavda, Vagilsk, and Konda is given. They are linked to specific loci: villages, forest areas, or water basins. This localization is of two kinds: both the location of the spirit itself and the territory of its worship. These signs do not always coincide. Different variants of the spatial boundaries of worship of a concrete spirit are revealed among the Mansi people. In some cases, only one spirit is worshipped in a village, in other words, it has here "sole" space. In other cases, when different local spirits are worshipped in the same village, their space is common. An even wider area “belongs” to the spirits worshipped in several villages (loci). The most extensive areas of worship were formed by the territorial ancestor spirits. Most of the local spirits were related to each other. This is most clearly demonstrated by the significant territorial spirits whish are considered the children of Numi-Tōrum – Polum-Tōrum, Nyaras-Nāy-Ekva, Tāgt-Kotil-Ōjka, Āj-Ās-Ōjka, and Nyor-Ōjka. In turn, the children of these original patron spirits dispersed to different parts of the Mansi land, becoming the guardians of both the area and the people living in it. These are the nāj-otyrs that helped people to settle where they now live. They are the masters of loci (villages, towns) and are subordinate to one of the most senior original patron spirits. Thus, the sons of Tāgt-Kotil-Ōjka are the patron spirits in several villages on the Severnaya Sosva River, as well as on the Manya River. Seven bogatyr brothers from the Lozva River made military campaigns over the Sosva River. The ties between the nāj-otyrs were often of a warlike nature. They conquered other people's territories and became patron spirits there. The materials presented in the article draw a general picture of the representations about local spirits (ancestral spirits) among different groups of the Mansi people. The basis of these representations is the general Mansi worldview concept about the origin of these characters, about their structure and relationships. The extensive list of ancestral spirits demonstrates, on the one hand, their localization and, on the other hand, the wide spatial area of worship of the most significant of them.

The Differentiation of Neuroses and Manic-Depressive Psychoses

1937 ◽  
Vol 83 (343) ◽  
pp. 156-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Curran
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
General Proposition ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The title of this paper will suggest a number of problems which are still the subject of considerable controversy.Thus, some authorities appear to uphold the general proposition that there is a fundamental and clear-cut distinction between all neuroses (or psychoneuroses) on the one hand, and all psychoses on the other.

Locative Complements of Verbs of Movement in Czech

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 87-113
Author(s):  
Marta Ungermanová
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Made In

This paper describes the syntactic properties of three types of locative complements in Czech that are compatible with verbs of movement. The distinction between these complements (each with its own interpretation) is made in the first place on the basis of several formal criteria (in particular, involving the rich Czech morphology), and, in addition, on semantic criteria. It is examined whether there exists sufficient correspondence between these criteria, and in particular, to what extent they can satisfactorily classify locative complements into essential and circumstantial ones. It is shown that there is no clear-cut distinction between these two categories of locative complements with Czech movement verbs. Furthermore, the syntactic role of the locative complements is shown to depend mainly on the verb, but also on other elements of the sentence. Finally, on the basis of several examples, it is argued that, on the one hand, the form of the complement does not predict its syntactic role and interpretation and, on the other hand, that two different forms can share the same syntactic role and interpretation.

scholarly journals 1. Experiments on the electric conditions of the rocks and metalliferous veins (Lodes) of Longclose and Rosewall Hill mines in Cornwall

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 317-317
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Sheet Copper ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

The experiments, of which the results are given in this paper, were undertaken with the view of determining whether it was in conse­quence of the imperfections of the galvanometers, or other apparatus, employed, that Mr. R. W. Fox, and other experimenters, had been unable to detect the presence of electricity in the tin veins of Corn­wall. The mode of experimenting was in principle the same as that pursued by Mr. Fox, namely, that of placing plates of metal in con­tact with the points to be examined, carrying wires from the one to the other, and interposing a galvanometer in the circuit. The plates employed were of sheet-copper and sheet-zinc, and they were about six inches long, and three inches and a half wide. The wires were of copper, one twentieth of an inch in diameter, and the same that had been used by Mr. Fox. The tabular results of these experiments show that both the gra­nite and the tin vein at Rosewall Hill mine, and also the greenstone and the copper vein in that of Longclose, present unequivocal traces of electric currents, whether different parts of the same veins or va­rious portions of the same rocks were examined.

Communicative processes and strategies

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. DeKeyser
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
The One ◽  
Metalinguistic Knowledge ◽  
Communicative Processes

When the learner of a non-native language actually uses this language for communication, he draws on the L2 skills acquired so far, and on various other sources of knowledge and skill that are relevant to the communicative task. The more advanced the learner is, the more s/he will be able to rely on his/her L2 skills in a way that is analogous to the L1 speaker's use fo his/her individual linguistic competence. The less advanced learner will have to rely more on his/her metalinguistic knowledge (to the extent that it is available) and on a variety of ways to reduce the gap between, on the one hand, the L2 knowledge and skills available to him/her and, on the other hand, the means necessary to convey the intended message, either by using additional resources (L1, gestures, and so on) or by reducing the message to be conveyed. The term communicative processes [hereafter CP] will be used for the reliance on L2 knowledge and skills, and the term communicative strategies or communication strategies [hereafter CS] for the learner's attempts at bridging the gap between these resources and the message to be conveyed. (There is no clear-cut separation between these two mental activities, of course, as the use of CS encompasses the incorporation of whatever relevant fragments of L2 knowledge and skill happen to be available.)

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