Frequency of feeding and form of lucerne hay as factors affecting voluntary intake, digestibility, feeding behaviour, and marker kinetics in ewes

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Vega ◽  
J. Gasa ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Pelleted Diet

The effects of the form (chopped or ground and pelleted) of a lucerne hay, and its frequency of feeding (once daily with restricted access, twice daily, or once every 2 h) on voluntary intake, digestibility, feeding behaviour, and marker kinetics was studied on 12 Rasa Aragonesa ewe lambs. The results showed that differences between animals fed twice daily or continuously were small and only found in intake and feeding behaviour, whereas feeding once daily with restricted access to the meal resulted in a much lower dry matter and digestible organic matter intake, which in turn affected significantly both the feeding behaviour of the animals and the total mean retention time of liquid and solid markers, but did not influence digestibility coefficients. It is concluded that continuous feeding does not seem to be necessary when studies on marker kinetics based on faecal marker excretion curves are carried out in sheep fed at intake levels close to ad libitum. Grinding and pelleting resulted in a higher dry matter intake and a reduction in organic matter digestibility, which resulted in a higher digestible organic matter intake. Feeding behaviour and rate of passage of Co-EDTA were also affected, although Cr did not show any tendency to pass faster when attached to the pelleted diet.

scholarly journals Feed Value of Barn-Dried Hays from Permanent Grassland: A Comparison with Fresh Forage

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Andueza ◽  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Philippe Pradel ◽  
Katerina Theodoridou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Winter Diets

In mountain areas, hays are the main forage in winter diets for livestock. Barn-dried hays can be an alternative to traditional hays, which are generally characterized by a low feed value. The aim of this study was to compare the feed value of barn-dried hays with that of the fresh forage from a permanent meadow. The study was carried out over three periods during the first growth cycle of the meadow’s vegetation (from 30 May to 3 June, from 13 to 17 June, and from 27 June to 1 July). Fresh forage and barn-dried hays of the same fresh forages were tested for dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and voluntary intake (VI). Both types of forage obtained each period were tested with an interval of 15 days. Chemical composition and OMD of forages did not change (p > 0.05) according to the feeding method. However, the DMD values for barn-dried hays were higher (p < 0.05) than for fresh forages at the end of the cycle. VI and digestible organic matter intake of barn-dried hays were higher (p < 0.05) than that of fresh forages. In conclusion, barn-dried hays obtained from permanent grasslands presented a higher feed value than fresh forages.

Intake and digestibility of low quality roughages when supplemented with leguminous browse

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Goodchild ◽  
N. P. McMeniman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Acacia Aneura

SUMMARYIn the first two of four experiments, sheep were fed,ad libitum, sorghum stover supplemented with graded levels of foliage of the shrub leucaena (Leucaena leucocephald) or mulga (Acacia aneura), which provided between 0 and 0·34 or between 0 and 0·43 of the dietary dry matter (DM) respectively. A second treatment (with or without urea) was superimposed in a factorial design. The effect of treatments on liveweight (LW) was explainable by their effects on voluntary intake of apparently digestible organic matter (DOMI). D0M1 was increased by mulga, largely due to an increase in the total voluntary intake of organic matter (OM). Leucaena increased DOMI by increasing the ration OM digestibility and, at low levels of inclusion, intake of the basal diet. Roughage intake was greatest when leucaena provided 0·15–0·20 of the dietary DM. Leucaena increased rumen ammonia, and whenever roughage intake was increased by urea, leucaena also increased it.In the third experiment, when diets were made isonitrogenous with urea, roughage intake was slightly greater when leucaena, rather than its ash or a mineral mixture, was supplemented. Total OM intake and DOMI were greatest when leucaena was fed.In the final experiment, sheep were fed one of ten treatments: three basal diets (two of sorghum stover and the third of native pasture hay) each supplemented with legumes (leucaena to the hay and one stover diet and cowpea straw to the second stover diet), ash of the respective legume and formaldehyde-treated casein. The tenth treatment was sorghum stover plus urea. For sorghum stover diets with leucaena-based or cowpea straw-based supplements, DOMI responded linearly to the nonurea nitrogen concentration of the diet. On the other hand, for native hay with leucaena-based supplements, the response of DOMI to non-urea N was negligible. It was noted that the native hay (predominantly Flinders grass,Iseilema vaginiflorum), contained lower concentrations of polyphenols than sorghum stover.It was concluded that browse foliage can increase the voluntary DOMI of sheep consuming low quality roughages by providing nitrogen and sometimes minerals and OM of greater digestibility. The slowly-degradable proteins in leucaena, cowpea straw or formaldehyde-treated casein are more effective with polyphenol-rich sorghum stover than with native hay of otherwise similar composition.

The digestibility and voluntary intake of six varieties of Panicum

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Selection Of

The digestibility and voluntary intake of P. coloratum CV. Kabulabula, P. coloratum var. Makarikariense CV. Burnett and C.P.I. 13372, P. maximum var. trichoglume CV. Petrie Green Panic, P. maximum cv. Coloniao guinea grass and Hamil were measured with sheep in metabolism pens. Each grass was cut eight to ten times at different growth stages and times of the year. Varieties differed (P<0.01) in their dry matter and organic matter digestibility but the maximum mean difference between varieties was only 2.8 and 3.4 per cent respectively. There were large differences in voluntary intake between grasses. P. maximum cv. Hamil had a voluntary intake 50 and 27 per cent greater than P. coloratum cv. Kabulabula when both had p dry matter digestibility of 50 and 60 per cent respectively. Voluntary intake of digestible organic matter of P. maximum CV. Hamil was 26 per cent higher than that of P. coloratum CV. Kabulabula. The higher intake of P. maximm occurred despite its having higher silicon percentages than P. coloratum. It was concluded that because of the biased relation between intake and digestibility selection of grasses on the basis of digestibility determinations alone could be a misleading guide to their nutritional value.

scholarly journals Population improvement and synthetic cultivar production in forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Field Transplant

AbstractExperimental results are brought together to demonstrate that forage kale population improvement involving full-sib and selfed families can be done on an annual cycle, followed by production of a synthetic cultivar. Furthermore, this new breeding method compares favourably with the two successful methods used to date, namely triple-cross hybrid cultivars from inbreeding and crossbreeding programmes and open-pollinated cultivars from population improvement programmes. The key findings were that natural vernalization of kale in south east Scotland occurred by mid-December so that plants could be pollinated in a glasshouse with heating and lighting by the end of February and seed harvested by the end of May. The resulting full-sib or selfed families could be assessed in a field transplant trial in the same year, from June to November, thus completing an annual cycle. Self-pollination resulted in shorter plants with lower fresh-weight, dry-matter and digestible organic-matter yields, and undesirably higher contents of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide, the haemolytic anaemia factor, and the goitrogenic thiocyanate ion. As a consequence of digestible organic-matter yield being reduced by as much as 22%, the estimated optimum number of selfed parents in a synthetic cultivar was four to eight. Synthetic cultivars are expected to yield as well as triple-cross hybrids as there was no reduction in yield when the latter were open-pollinated.

Wartime changes in the winter diet of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Products

The general characteristics of a group of thirtynine herds of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England, and the method of obtaining information about their diet during the winters 1938–9 to 1942–3 inclusive, are briefly described.The first three winters of the war show a continuous decline in starch equivalent and protein equivalent per cow, followed by a recovery during winter 1942–3.Comparing winter 1942–3 with winter 1938–9: Consumption per cow of concentrates declined by one-third, reductions in proprietary compounds and mixtures and in maize and wheat products being outstanding.The more important increases were in oats, straw and succulent foods, notably mangolds, sugar-beet tops and kale.Hay retained its important place with little overall change; a modest increase in silage was restricted to a few herds.The crude weight of the average daily ration increased from 44 to 61 lb., but its dry matter only from 21·0 to 22·6 lb.The residue: total dry matter less digestible organic matter—increased from 7·2 to 8·4 lb. per cow daily. Reference is made to changes in palatability.

scholarly journals Quantitative intestinal digestion of nitrogen in sheep given formaldehyde-treated and untreated casein supplements

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Macrae ◽  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
P. D. Pearce ◽  
Jane Hendtlass
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Gross Energy

1. In two experiments, sheep prepared with a rumen cannula and with re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum and ileum were continuously fed on diets of dried grass, dried grass plus formalin-treated casein, or dried grass plus untreated casein. Paper impregnated with chromic oxide was given once daily via the rumen fistula.2. In ten 24 h collections of digesta entering the duodenum and eleven 24 h collections of digesta reaching the ileum of sheep given dried grass, there were highly significant correlations between the 24 h flows of Cr marker and the corresponding flows of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, gross energy, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01) at both sites.3. Daily amounts of non-ammonia N and of individual amino acids entering and leaving the small intestine and of total N excreted in faeces and urine are given.4. Net retention of supplementary N was 36% when the supplement was administered as formalin-treated casein, but only 17% when it was administered as untreated casein.5. Formalin treatment of casein significantly increased the daily amounts of non-ammonia N entering the small intestine (P < 0.01) and the amounts of non-ammonia N apparently absorbed therein (P < 0.05).6. Apparent absorption of amino acids from the small intestine was significantly greater (P < 0.05) with treated casein than with untreated casein. There were relative increases in the small amounts of several free amino acids measured, including taurine, in the ileal digesta of sheep receiving the treated casein supplement.

Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTData on individually recorded silage dry-matter intake (SDMI), concentrate dry-matter intake (CDMI) and live weight of steers and data on silage composition including toluene dry matter (TDM), pH, total nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from experiments conducted at three sites were used to obtain simple and multiple linear regressions of SDMI on other variables.Live weight accounted for a high proportion of the variation in intake but this effect could generally be removed by scaling intake by live weight raised to the power of 0·75 (M0·75). CDMI was the most important factor affecting scaled intake in mixed diets. TDM, NH,-N and VFAs all had important effects on SDMI. The relationship of SDMI with TDM was curvilinear suggesting that there is little to be gained in intake terms from wilting to TDM above 250 g/kg. The effect of NH3-N appeared to be related more to its correlation with VFAs than with any other nitrogenous constituent while the VFAs appeared to have a direct effect on SDMI. The effects of N and pH on SDMI were generally small. DOMD and NDF had relatively little effect on SDMI. Significant differences in intercepts between sites were found for most relationships although common slopes were often found.

Prediction of silage dry matter digestibility from digestible organic matter digestibility

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 93-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
D J Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Uk

Grass silage forms the basal forage for the majority of dairy and beef cattle during the winter indoor feeding period. However its feeding value, as determined by intake potential and digestibility can differ dramatically at farm level as indicated by the Hillsborough Feeding Information System (HFIS). For example, for 7000 silages which were offered to dairy and beef cattle during the 1999/2000 indoor feeding period in Ireland and analysed through the HFIS, dry matter digestibility (DMD) varied from 540 to 830 g/kg DM (Keady, 2000). Many models used to predict feed intake by dairy cattle include a digestibility component (Keady and Mayne, 2000). However some models use DMD whereas others use digestible organic matter digestibility (DOMD). Furthermore commercial laboratories in Ireland measure silage digestibility as DMD while in the UK it is measured as DOMD. To facilitate the use of different models to predict food intake by dairy cattle, often it is necessary to be able to predict DMD from DOMD or vice versa. The present study was undertaken to develop a relationship between DMD and DOMD to facilitate the use of different models for the prediction of food intake when digestibility is available only either as DMD or as DOMD.

The relationship between apparent retention time in the rumen, voluntary intake, and apparent digestibility of legume and grass diets in sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Relationship

Eight grasses and six legumes were fed ad libitum at hourly intervals to wethers fitted with large rumen fistulas to determine voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, and the apparent retention time of organic matter in the rumen, as well as the quantity of rumen digesta and the organic matter content of the rumen digesta. The voluntary intake of legumes was 28% higher than that of equally digestible grasses. This difference was caused by a shorter retention time (17%) and a higher amount of organic matter (14%) in the rumen digesta from legume diets than from grass diets. The weight of wet digesta in the rumen of sheep fed on legumes was 7% lower than from those fed on grass. Neither the quantity of digesta nor the quantity of organic matter in the rumen was related to the voluntary intake, digestibility, or retention time of organic matter in the rumen. Number of jaw movements each day and rate of cotton thread digestion were not related to the retention time of the diets either. Daily intake of digestible organic matter (DOMI, g/day) was closely correlated with retention time (RTOM, hr) for the feeds in this study (r = –0.93) and the same relation applied to both temperate and tropical feeds, viz. DOMI = 1276–50.7 RTOM (r=0.96) Differences in voluntary intake between grasses and legumes were attributed to differences in retention time and the density to which the food was packed in the rumen.

PREDICTED FORAGE VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CEREALS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Forage Value

Dry matter yield, percent dry weight, in vitro digestible dry matter, in vitro digestible organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash and hemicellulose contents were determined for spring- and fall-sown common wheat, barley, rye and triticale and spring-sown durum wheat and oats for the period from late boot to maturity. Differences among cultivars and stages of maturity were significant for all parameters. These differences were accompanied by stage of maturity interactions. Consideration of the interrelationships among these parameters revealed that level of in vitro digestible dry matter was reflected in measures of acid detergent fiber and ash or percent dry weight. Further analyses indicated that differences in digestibility due to stage of maturity were primarily reflected by changes in ash or percent dry weight, while differences in digestibility among cultivars were mainly attributable to differences in acid detergent fiber.

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