Urinary sediments in sheep feeding on oestrogenic clover. I. Preliminary observations on changes in certain urinary constituents

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Parr ◽  
P Steele ◽  
B Gabbedy ◽  
MC Nottle
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Daily Excretion

In recent years a series of widespread outbreaks of acute urinary obstruction has occurred in spring in Merino wethers. Animals involved have been grazing oestrogenic strains of subterranean clover at a time when isoflavone concentrations can be expected to be high. Studies have been made on one property on the relationships between these outbreaks, the pasture isoflavone content, and the urinary excretion of phenolic and other constituents by wethers. A trial group of animals was grazed on a dominant sward of the highly oestrogenic Trifolium subterraneum cv. Dinninup during winter and spring. Isoflavone concentrations in the clover reached a peak in early August. However, since the pasture became highly clover-dominant in September and early October the maximum daily intake of isoflavones probably occurred during this period, which also coincided with the occurrence of maximum concentration and maximum daily excretion of total phenols and acid-precipitable material (APM) in the urine. It is suggested that the sediments causing clinical obstructions at this time of the year may be a direct result of increased excretion of phenols. APM showed a highly significant direct relationship with total phenols but its excretion increased at a greater rate than did that of phenols. Urinary calcium excretion also increased at the same time.

Protein intake and its relationship to urinary calcium excretion in the preruminant lamb

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Twenty-four lambs were bottle-fed for an experimental period of 21 days in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment (with unequal replications). The sole source of protein in the milk replacers was casein, supplemented with DL-methionine, to supply either 10, 20, 30 or 40% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level there were three levels of Ca to represent 50% (low), 100% (medium) and 200% (high) of the Ca concentration of ewes' milk (taken to be 360 mg MJ-1 gross energy). The Ca:P ratio in all diets was 1.1:l. The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 1046 kJ kg-0.73. Nitrogen, Ca and P balances were determined during the last seven days of the experiment. There was no significant effect of protein intake, or of Ca intake, on the daily urinary Ca excretion, which was uniformly low (n = 24; mean, 1.67 � 0.25 mg kg-1).

Quantitative aspects of phytooestrogen metabolism in sheep fed on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cultivar clare) or red clover (Trifolium pratense)

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Shutt ◽  
RH Weston ◽  
JP Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Free Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Studies have been made of the digestion and metabolism in Merino wethers of the isoflavones in subterranean clover (Trtfolium subterraneurn cv. Clare) and red clover (T. pratense). The dietary intake of isoflavones with both clovers was about 9 g per day. With the subterranean clover, the isoflavones were predominantly genistein and biochanin A, and slight teat length increases in the wethers ingesting this clover indicated a low level of oestrogenicity. With the red clover formononetin represented 60% of the isoflavone present and the wethers on this diet exhibited maximal teat length increases indicating a high level of oestrogenicity. Less than 1 % of the daily intake of the isoflavones was excreted as such in the faeces and urine; hence most of these compounds were metabolized or retained in the sheep. The dietary isoflavones were found to disappear rapidly from the rumen, and it was estimated by using marker techniques that the removal of these compounds from the stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum) was virtually complete. Equol (7,4'-dihydroxyisoflavan), a metabolite of formononetin, was the predominant phyto-oestrogen in the digesta and excreta when red clover was given. The excretion of 3.9 g/day of this compound, mainly in urine, was equivalent to 70% of the intake of formononetin. It was calculated that about 86% of the equol produced in the rumen was absorbed from that organ; the mean residence time for equol in the rumen was estimated to be 1.7 hr. The isoflavones were present in blood plasma mainly in conjugated forms. Equol predominated with both clovers. The levels of equol were much lower with the subterranean clover than with the red clover diet; the concentrations of the conjugated form were respectively 13 and 300-440 �g/100 ml. Equol in the free form, although not detectable with the subterranean clover, was present at 4-10 �g/100 ml with red clover. The data were considered to be consistent with the conclusion that equol accounts for most of the phyto-oestrogenic activity in sheep fed on clovers containing high levels of formononetin.

Symbiotic competence of Trifolium subterraneum lines of low oestrogenic isoflavone content

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
AC Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Better Than

Twenty-nine lines of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), mostly selected for low levels of oestrogenic isoflavones, were inoculated with seven effective strains of Rhizobium trifolii. They were grown at two different root temperatures and their performances compared with those of the subterraneum clover cultivar, Tallarook. Ten criteria were used to assess symbiotic competence. No line was inferior to Tallarook in all ten criteria, but one line was inferior in nine of the ten, three in seven of the ten and fifteen others were poorer than Tallarook in one to six criteria. Of the ten lines whose symbiotic performances were as good as or better than Tallarook, a number also had low isoflavone levels, but there was no evidence to suggest that symbiotic competence was related to isoflavone content. It is concluded that it will be necessary to exercise caution in the agronomic or breeding use of lines Which are not consistently symbiotically competent.

The productivity of dairy cows fed irrigated subterranean clover herbage

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Selection Of

A number of experiments were undertaken to establish the productivity of lactating dairy cows when offered green, immature subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) herbage and to study its utilization by these cows. The research included indoor feeding and grazing experiments and intensive metabolism studies. Levels of daily intake varied from 8 to 22 kg DM/cow and in early lactation, milk yields as high as 28 kg/day were sustained. Marginal returns to extra feeding, up to 15 kg DM/day in early lactation, averaged 1.4 kg milk for each additional kg of DM eaten above 8 kg DM/day. In late lactation, the return to additional feeding was 1.0 kg milk/kg of extra DM consumed over a similar range. Beyond 15 kg DM/day, the return increasingly diminished. Consideration of products of digestion suggested that fermentation of subterranean clover herbage in the rumen resulted in a balance of metabolites that is unlikely to be detrimental to animal production. Although the milk production data for the cows in the early lactation experiments fitted well together, one grazing experiment (in winter) did produce an unusual result. In this experiment, the cows offered most pasture did not perform as well as those offered an intermediate amount. It was considered that this was due to a characteristic of subterranean clover whereby the leaves are considerably less digestible than the rest of the plant; this resulted in selection of a lower quality diet by the supposedly best fed cows. The implications of this are discussed. It was concluded that, while few problems exist with the use of vegetative subterranean clover for lactating dairy cows, lenient grazing is not the most productive strategy when leaves constitute a large proportion of the sward.

Hyperoxaluria in Idiopathic Calcium Stone Disease: Further Evidence of Intestinal Hyperabsorption of Oxalate

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marangella ◽  
B. Fruttero ◽  
M. Bruno ◽  
F. Linari
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Oxalate Absorption ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. Seventeen healthy controls and 63 patients with idiopathic calcium stone disease of the urinary tract were investigated for urinary calcium and oxalate excretion and for [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption. 2. Under comparable controlled dietary intake a significant increase in calcium excretion was found in patients with stone disease. Oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption were mildly but not significantly increased. When patients with stone disease were subdivided into normocalciuric and hypercalciuric subjects, oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate absorption were significantly increased in the latter. There was a significant direct relationship between calcium excretion and both oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate absorption. 3. [14C]Oxalate absorption increased significantly in 22 stone-formers when dietary calcium was changed from normal to low. 4. The kinetics of [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption showed that the main difference between normocalciuric and hypercalciuric subjects occurred within the first 6 h after the oxalate-labelled meal. 5. These results confirm that mild hyperoxaluria is a frequent feature of idiopathic calcium stone disease even when patients and controls are studied under controlled dietary conditions. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperoxaluria is secondary to calcium hyperabsorption and is upper intestinal in origin.

THE DEPENDENCE OF URINARY CALCIUM AND OTHER ELECTROLYTES ON ADRENAL FUNCTION DURING ACUTE SODIUM DEPLETION AND LOADING

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Runeberg ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
P. Reissell ◽  
H. Adlercreutz
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Sodium Loading ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT The time course of the renal excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium during sodium depletion and the rapid correction of the extracellular volume deficit was studied in normal subjects and in patients with Addison's disease (AD). The decrease in body weight was similar in the two groups, but the haematocrit value increased more in the patients with AD. Sodium depletion suppressed sodium excretion much more efficiently in normal controls than in the AD patients. Calcium excretion was roughly equally depressed in two groups. During sodium loading there was an immediate increase in renal sodium excretion in the patients with AD, whereas the sodium-retaining state generally continued for about one day in the normal controls. Urinary potassium decreased gradually during the first day of sodium loading in the normal controls but not in the AD patients. In the normal subjects calcium excretion remained low during the first day and increased on the second day of sodium loading. In the AD patients there was a gradual increase in urinary calcium during the first day of sodium loading, which did not, however, parallel the changes in urinary sodium content in individual urine samples. Urinary magnesium did not change significantly. It is concluded that the effect of adrenal steroids on renal calcium excretion is of minor importance. They may, however, to some extent induce calcium retention.

Effects of excess protein, sodium and potassium on acute and chronic urinary calcium excretion in young women

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Whiting ◽  
Timothy J Green ◽  
Evelyn P MacKenzie ◽  
Shawna J Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Competition among seedlings of perennial grasses, subterranean clover, white clover, and annual ryegrass in replacement series mixtures

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Successful Establishment

Seedlings of 3 perennial grasses, Danthonia linkii Kunthcv. Bunderra, D. richardsonii Cashmore cv. Taranna(wallaby grasses), and Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa,were each grown in replacement series mixtures with seedlings ofTrifolium repens L. (white clover),Trifolium subterraneum L. var. brachycalycinum (Katzn.et Morley) Zorahy & Heller cv. Clare (subterraneanclover), and Lolium rigidum L. (annual ryegrass). Plantswere sown 5 cm apart in boxes (45 by 29 by 20 cm) at a density of 307plants/m2. Maximum likelihood estimates were usedto derive parameters of a non-linear competition model using the dry matterweights of perennial grasses and competitors at 3 harvests, approximately 168,216, and 271 days after sowing. Intra-plant competition was examined inmonocultures of each species, grown at plant spacings of 2, 5, and 8 cm apartwith plants harvested at the above times.Competition occurred in all perennial grass–competitor mixtures, exceptin those of each perennial grass with white clover and thephalaris–subterranean clover mixture (Harvest 1) and those withD. richardsonii and phalaris grown with white clover(Harvest 2). For D. richardsonii (Harvests 1 and 2) andD. linkii (Harvest 1 only) grown with white clover andthe phalaris–subterranean clover (Harvest 1), the two species in themixture were not competing. In the phalaris–white clover mixture, eachspecies was equally competitive (Harvests 1 and 2). These differences incompetition and aggressiveness reflected differences in individual plantweights in monocultures where there was an effect (P < 0.05) of species ondry matter weight per box, but no significant effect of plant spacing.These data indicated that for successful establishment,D. richardsonii and D. linkiishould not be sown in swards with either subterranean clover or white clover,or where populations of annual ryegrass seedlings are likely to be high.Phalaris was more compatible with both white clover and subterranean clover,but aggressively competed with by annual ryegrass.

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