Synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen. IV. The influence of the level and form of dietary sulphur

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur

When sheep were fed on a diet supplying 0.61 g sulphur per day, 82 g microbial protein was produced daily in the rumen. Raising the sulphur intake to 1.95 g/day increased protein production to 94 g/day (P .: 0.05), but there was no further increase when the intake was raised to 3.42 g/day. Protein production was not influenced by the s form of the supplementary sulphur. Sulphur as cystine resulted in higher rumen fluid sulphide levels than sulphur as inorganic sulphate. Nevertheless, measurable amounts of free cystine flowed out of the rumen when cystine was given. This may explain the higher nitrogen balances supported by cystine than by sulphate. Sulphur balances were always positive, and there were no differences between treatments. At least 0.44 g sulphur was recycled daily when the basal die twas given. This accounted for 42% of the total sulphur flowing out of the rumen. The importance of sulphur recycling is discussed.

Sulphur metabolism in sheep. I. Preliminary investigations on the movement of sulphur in the sheep's body

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Bray
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments with sheep maintained on high sulphur rations, measurements were made on the levels of 35S in urine, faeces, and various body fluids following single intravenous infusions of sodium [3%]sulphate and single infusions of sodium [35S]sulphate or sodium [353]sulphide into the gastrointestinal tract. Sulphide was rapidly absorbed from the duodenum and post-duodenal intestinal tract, an estimated 40–90% of the dose being absorbed within 60 min. Absorption of sulphate from the same region was much slower, 25% or less being absorbed over a 60-min interval. An attempt to use antibiotics to eliminate the effects of the intestinal bacteria on the metabolism of [35S]sulphate before absorption was not conclusive. Following intravenous administration of sodium [35S]sulphate, 12–19% of the dose was recovered in the faeces within 6 days. This activity appeared to be due to secretion into the post-ruminal tract rather than to return of 35S by salivary secretion or by passage across the rumen wall. Sodium [35S]sulphate was reduced to sulphide in the rumen and appreciable amounts appeared to be absorbed from this organ. The variations in total sulphur and sulphide of rumen digesta, urinary total sulphur, and blood inorganic sulphate levels during the day appeared to be related. Whole blood inorganic sulphate sulphur levels varied between 2 and 6 mg%. Urinary excretion following intravenous administration of 35S was extremely rapid, at least 70% of the dose being collected within 24 hr.

Synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen. II. A response to higher volatile fatty acids

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
The Mean

When sheep were fed on a virtually protein-free purified diet adequately supplied with nonprotein nitrogen, 71 g microbial protein was produced in the rumen daily. The addition of a mixture of higher volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased protein production to 81 g daily (P < 0.05). The VFA supplement also increased the molar proportions of these acids in the rumen fluid and the flow of total nitrogen from the rumen. There were no differences in nitrogen balance associated with the supplement. There were significant variations between sheep and between periods in both protein production and the molar proportion of acetic acid in the rumen fluid. A negative correlation was found between acetic acid proportions and protein production (r = -0.62, P < 0.025). The mean yield of protein from the ruminal fermentation was 13.0 g/100 g organic matter digested in the rumen. The addition of the higher VFA did not result in any appreciable increase in the efficiency of protein production from the energy available.

Effect of varying the proportion of molasses in the diet on intake, digestion and microbial protein production by steers

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Tuyen ◽  
X. M. Tolosa ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
S. R. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
High Level

The present experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of microbial protein production in the rumen and intake by cattle fed high-molasses diets. Intake and microbial crude protein (MCP) production were measured along with the concentration of rumen ammonia-nitrogen (N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and the rate of digestion of roughage in the rumen. Eight Brahman crossbred steers weighing 211 ± 19.3 (± s.d.) kg were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design. Steers were allocated to one of four total mixed rations: control (pangola hay only), 25M (25% molasses/urea mix + 75% hay), 50M (50% molasses/urea + 50% hay), and 75M (75% molasses/urea + 25% hay). The production and efficiency of production of MCP (EMCP) of the diet increased quadratically as the level of molasses in the diet increased. The EMCP from the molasses/urea mix was estimated as 166 g MCP/kg digestible organic matter (DOM), a relatively high value. Intake of dry matter (DM) and DOM increased quadratically, reaching a peak when molasses was ~50% (as fed) of the ration. Digestibility of DM increased quadratically and that of neutral detergent fibre decreased linearly with increasing level of molasses in the diet. Molasses inclusion in the diet had no effect on rumen pH, ammonia and VFA concentration in the rumen fluid, plasma urea-N, urine pH or ruminal fractional outflow rate of ytterbium-labelled particles and Cr-EDTA. It was concluded that a diet with a high level of molasses (>50%) and supplemented with adequate N had high EMCP, and that low MCP production was not a factor limiting intake or performance of cattle consuming high-molasses diets.

scholarly journals Forage cactus associated with different fiber sources for lactating Sindhi cows: intake, digestibility and microbial protein production

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 530-536
Author(s):  
Carla Aparecida Soares Saraiva ◽  
Severino Gonzaga Neto ◽  
Maria Fernanda Soares Queiroz ◽  
Lara Toledo Henriques ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Microbial Protein

scholarly journals Protein Content and Amino Acid Composition of Certain Fungi Evaluated for Microbial Protein Production

1975 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
C. Christias ◽  
C. Couvaraki ◽  
S. G. Georgopoulos ◽  
B. Macris ◽  
V. Vomvoyanni
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Microbial Protein

scholarly journals Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Produksi Protein Mikroba Sapi Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Amoniasi dan Beberapa Bahan Pakan Sumber Energi

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Hindratiningrum ◽  
Muhamad Bata ◽  
Setya Agus Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Products of rumen fermentation and protein microbial of dairy cattle feed with rice bran ammonization and some feedstuffs as an energy sourcesABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the energy sources of feed ingredients that can increase the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production and metabolic energy. The material used is as a source of rumen fluid inoculum from Frisian Holstein cows (FH) females, amoniasi rice straw, salt, mineral mix brand "Ultra Minerals' production Eka Farma Semarang, onggok wet and dry, corn, and rice bran. Observed variable is the concentration of (VFA), N-NH3, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and total gas production. Based on the analysis of diversity seen any significant effect (P0.05) on total VFA concentration, N-NH3 and total gas but had no effect (P0.05) on microbial protein synthesis. Conclusion of research is the provision of energy sources with rice bran treatment, onggok wet and dry corn flour can be used as fermentable carbohydrates on feed hay amoniasi in vitro.

scholarly journals Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-215
Author(s):  
Johan Korkman
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Sulphur Uptake ◽  
Cultivated Soils

A method for determining total sulphur in plant material and soil samples using the induction furnace technique and subsequent turbidimetric determination of sulphate sulphur was discussed. A procedure for extracting sulphur from soil samples with ammonium acetate (pH 4.65), the interference of the organic matter being reduced by oxidation of the extract with H2O2, was proposed. Sulphur balance in Finnish cultivated soils was estimated by taking into account the average amounts of emitted (8 kg S/ha/yr.), precipitated (8 kg S/ha/yr.) and leached (8 kg S/ha/yr.) sulphur. The actual situation in the cultivated soils seems thus to be depending, on an average, on the uptake by plants and the sulphur applied (12 kg S/ha/yr. in the early 1970s). In 104 samples of cultivated soil, the content of total sulphur showed a slight correlation with the content of organic carbon. The amounts of sulphur extracted in various ways were not predictable by means of the soil characteristics used (pHCaCl2, org. C and texture). Extracted sulphur did not correlate sufficiently with the development and sulphur uptake of plants. Under field conditions in northern Finland, sulphur application produced a relatively distinct result in respect both to the ley yields on Carex peat, and their sulphur content. On mineral soils in southern Finland the yields were unaffected by supplementary fertilization with sulphur. In the pot experiments performed a fairly close relationship between sulphur and nitrogen was demonstrated.

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