Efficiency of conversion of food to wool. IV. Comparison of sheep selected for high clean wool weight with sheep from a random control group at three levels of dietary protein

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Piper ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Smooth Body ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Fibre Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Random Control

An experiment is described in which ewes from a flock selected for a number of years for high clean wool weight per head (S) are compared with ewes from a random control flock (C) under ad libitum feeding of three diets differing in crude protein content but not in gross energy. Differences between the S and C groups were significant for clean wool weight (W), efficiency of conversion of gross energy to wool (W/I), fibre number per unit area of skin (N), and mean body weight (B), the S group having higher values for W, W/I, and N but being lighter in B. Differences between the means of ewes fed on the high and medium protein diets (H and M groups) and the means of those fed on the low protein diet (L group) were highly significant for Wand each of its physical and physiological components. The H and M groups had higher values for W, W/I, B, intake per unit body weight (I/B), fibre cross-sectional area (A), staple length (L), and smooth body surface area (S) but lower values for N. The mechanisms of these differences are discussed in relation to other published work. Differences between ewes fed on the H and M diets were significant for Wand W/I, the H groups having the higher value in each case. These responses are contrasted with those reported by other workers and the possible mechanisms are outlined. When differences between the S and C groups on the H and M diets were averaged and contrasted with the differences between them on the L diet, there were significant group x diet interactions in W and W/I and appreciable but not significant interactions in N, A, and L. Taking the value for the C group as 100 in each case, the values for the S group on the L, M, and H diets respectively were: W, 97, 125, 129;W/I, 92,129,132; N,129,110,111; A, 74,114,110; L, 92,109,110. The possible mechanisms for these changes in the differences between the S and C groups are discussed. The group x diet interaction was not significant for any character when the difference between S and C groups on the H diet was contrasted with the difference between them on the M diet, though there were slight increases in the differences in Wand W/I on the H diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Defatted Rice Bran Inclusion Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Different Body Weight Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Huangwei Shi ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stage 1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diet prepared with different levels of defatted rice bran (DFRB) and weight stages on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing–finishing pigs. The animal experiment included three stages. A total of 240 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 28.06 ± 8.56 kg for stage 1 were allocated to five diets including one control group and four DFRB diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% DFRB, respectively. The 192 crossbred pigs with initial body weights of 55.03 ± 7.31 kg and 74.55 ± 9.10 kg were selected for stage 2 and stage 3, respectively. Pigs were allocated to four diets including one control group and three DFRB diets supplemented with 10%, 15% and 20% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that with the increase in DFEB intake, the gain: feed was linearly increased (p < 0.05), and the average daily feed intake tended to linearly decrease (p = 0.06) in stage 1. Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in stage 3, levels of DFRB had significant effects on the ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF in three weight stages. In stage 1, with the increase in levels of DFRB, the ATTD of NDF and hemicellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 2, with the increasing levels of DFRB, the ATTD of DM, ash and cellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 3, the ATTD of GE, DM, ash, NDF and hemicellulose decreased linearly with the increase in levels of DFRB (p < 0.01). Collectively, DFRB could be used as a replacement for corns and soybean meal, and weight stage is important to consider when adjusting the additive proportion.

scholarly journals Early life undernutrition in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Bedi ◽  
A. R. Birzgalis ◽  
M. Mahon ◽  
J. L. Smart ◽  
A. C. Wareham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volume Proportion ◽  
Fibre Number

1. Male rats were undernourished either during the geslational and suckling periods or for a period of time immediately following weaning. Some rats were killed at the end of the period of undernutrition; others were nutritionally rehabilitated for lengthy periods of time before examination. Two muscles, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) were studied from each rat. Histochemically-stained transverse sections of these muscles were used to determine total number of fibres, the fibre cross-sectional areas and the relative frequency of the various fibre types.2. All rats killed immediately following undernutrition showed significant deficit sin body-weight, muscle weight and fibre cross-sectional area compared to age-matched controls.3. Animals undernourished during gestation and suckling and then fed normally for 5 months showed persistent and significant deficits in body-weight, muscle weight and total fibre number. There were also significant deficits in mean fibre cross-sectional area of each fibre type except for red fibres in the EDL. No difference in the volume proportion of connective tissue was found.4. Rats undernourished after weaning and then fed ad lib. for approximately 7 months had normal body-and muscle weights. Their muscles showed no significant differences in total fibre number, relative frequency of the various fibre types, fibre size or volume proportion of connective lissue.5. These results indicate that, although the effects on rat skeletal muscle of a period of undernutrition after weaning can be rectified, undernutrition before weaning causes lasting deficits.

Ingestion rate and body size in phagotrophic organisms

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard M. Capriulo ◽  
David Lints ◽  
Martin Lewinter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Physical Phenomena

A general functional relationship between body weight (10−11 to 108 g) and ingestion rate has been found to exist throughout the protistan and metazoan kingdoms. Results, based on a mathematical interpretation of standardized, quantitative data, indicate that ingestion rate is a log–log linear function (i.e., power function) of body weight (I = a W0.829 for cold-blooded forms and I = a W0.778 for warm-blooded forms, where I = ingestion rate and W = body weight). The slopes of the cold-blooded and warm-blooded regression lines are not significantly different from each other (i.e., they are parallel). This allows one to use the difference between the respective curves to estimate the weight-specific cost of warm-bloodedness. Such an analysis of the data indicates that a warm-blooded organism must ingest about ten times more food per unit body weight than cold-blooded forms. This functional relationship may be a manifestation of the physiological constraints placed on organisms by surface area to volume ratio phenomena, related to absorptive surfaces, mouth areas, and body volumes. The present analysis suggests that flexibility in functional design is limited by physical phenomena which affect phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals Mammogram: Does Music Therapy Helps?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Mohd Zain ◽  
Nur Anis Izzati Che Mut ◽  
Nur Fatin Ruslizam ◽  
Norhashimah Mohd Norsuddin ◽  
Siti Aishah Abdullah Suhaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Anxiety was the barrier mostly chosen by women for not performing mammography examination. Music was perceived as an effective method in reducing these barriers. Thus, this study was done to investigate how music would influence anxiety level among women undergoing mammogram screening. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at randomly selected private hospitals around Klang Valley. The ’State-Trait Anxiety Inventory’ form was used to measure the level of anxiety. Respondents were categorized into two groups, which are control (no music) and experimental (with music) groups. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the anxiety level and T-test analysis were used to compare the anxiety level between both groups. A total of 60 respondents participated in this study in which 30 (50.0%) were in a control group and 30 (50.0%) were in the experimental group. Mean age of respondents were 53.5 (±12.7) years. The anxiety level is high in women who underwent mammography with no music (60.0%) as compared those with music (53.3%), although the difference is not significant (p>0.05). Music intervention has potential in reducing anxiety level during mammography examination.

Polycythemia in rats following restricted food intake

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wohl ◽  
Clarence Merskey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Unit Body Weight

Rats were divided into two groups such that mean weight and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were not significantly different. One group (controls) was then fed a normal chow ad libitum. The other group was fed 6 g daily (30% of normal intake) for 2 weeks. The hemoglobin levels of rats fed the restricted diet rose 1.4–3.5 g/100 ml and hematocrit level rose 2–6%. At the end of 2 weeks total red cell mass (Cr51) was 5.5–6.0 ml in the underfed groups compared with 6.8 ml in the control group. Body weight fell proportionally more than did red cell mass, elevating the calculated red cell mass per unit body weight. Serum osmolality and K+ were not significantly different from control values, and there was a slightly higher serum Na+ and Cl– in the restricted diet group. It is concluded that restriction of food intake produced a relative polycythemia. At the end of 2 weeks of restriction an isosmotic reduction in plasma volume was present.

A Longitudinal Investigation of Speaking Rate in Preschool Children Who Stutter

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Dailey Hall ◽  
Ofer Amir ◽  
Ehud Yairi
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Rate Of Speech

Both clinical and theoretical interest in stuttering as a disorder of speech motor control has led to numerous investigations of speaking rate in people who stutter. The majority of these studies, however, has been conducted with adult and school-age groups. Most studies of preschoolers have included older children. Despite the ongoing theoretical and clinical focus on speaking rate in young children who stutter and their parents, no longitudinal or cross-sectional studies have been conducted to answer questions about the possible developmental link between stuttering and the rate of speech, or about differences in rate development between preschool children who stutter and normally fluent children. This investigation compared changes in articulatory rate over a period of 2 years in subgroups of preschool-age children who stutter and normally fluent children. Within the group of stuttering children, comparisons also were made between those who exhibited persistent stuttering and those who eventually recovered without intervention. Furthermore, the study compared two metrics of articulatory rate. Spontaneous speech samples, collected longitudinally over a 2-year period, were analyzed acoustically to determine speaking rate measured in number of syllables and phones per second. Results indicated no differences among the 3 groups when articulation rate was measured in syllables per second. Using the phones per second measure, however, significant group differences were found when comparing the control group to the recovered and persistent groups.

Measurement of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation in Asymptomatic Tennis Players and Swimmers

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Rangel Torres ◽  
João Luiz Ellera Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overhead Sports ◽  
The Difference

Background Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, often diagnosed in players of overhead sports, has been associated with the development of secondary shoulder lesions. Hypothesis Asymptomatic players of different overhead sports will exhibit variable degrees of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Fifty-four asymptomatic male volunteers (108 shoulders) divided into 3 groups (tennis players, swimmers, control group) underwent measurements of glenohumeral internal and external rotation using clinical examination with scapular stabilization. Measurements of dominant and nondominant shoulders were compared within and between groups. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) was defined as the difference in internal rotation between the nondominant and dominant shoulders. Results In tennis players, mean GIRD was 23.9° ± 8.4° (P < .001); in swimmers, 12° ± 6.8° (P < .001); and in the control group, 4.9° ± 7.4° (P = .035). Dominant shoulders showed significant difference between all groups, and the difference in internal rotation of the dominant shoulder between the group of tennis players in comparison with the control group (27.6°, P < .001) was greater than the difference in internal rotation of the dominant shoulder found in the group of swimmers compared with the control group (17.9°, P < .001). Between tennis players and swimmers, the difference in internal rotation of the dominant shoulder was 9.7° (P = .002). Conclusion Dominant limbs showed less glenohumeral internal rotation than the nondominant limbs in all groups, with the deficit in the group of tennis players about twice the deficit found for swimmers. Mean difference between limbs in the control group was less than 5°, which is within normal parameters according to most studies. There were statistically significant differences between all groups when dominant shoulders were compared with each other, differences that were not compensated by external rotation gain. Tennis players had the least range of motion, followed by swimmers.

scholarly journals Methylation Profile of HOXA 11 Gene in Eutopic Endometrium on Endometriosis Patient with Infertility

2018 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Muharam Natadisastra ◽  
Valencia Yuwono ◽  
Ririn Febri ◽  
Asmarinah Asmarinah
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Gene Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eutopic Endometrium ◽  
Keywords Endometriosis ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To investigate the HOXA11 gene profile on endometriosispatients with infertility in Indonesia.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital from July 2015- June 2016. The subjectswere endometriosis patients with infertility who have beenconfirmed histopathological. The control group was taken fromnon-endometriosis and fertile patients. Eutopic endometriumsamples were taken and examined for the methylation of HOXA 11gene.Results: Both groups consist of six patients. The difference ofmethylation of HOXA 11 gene between those two groups isstatistically significant (p=0.03). There was hyper methylation inendometriosis group.Conclusion: There is a hyper methylation of HOXA 11 gene ineutopic endometrium of endometriosis patients with infertility.Thus, possibly can explain the poor endometrial receptivityin endometriosis patient and give a broad research area inepigenetic therapy of endometriosis.[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 6-2: 110-113]Keywords: endometriosis, epigenetic, HOXA 11, infertility,methylation

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Regular Exercise on Some Motoric Features in Children in the 7–12 Age Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kürşat Hazar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of regular exercise on some motoric features in 7&ndash;12-year-old boys and girls in 8 weeks period of time. To the study 66 boys with an average age of 8, &plusmn; 7963, as 54 of them in research and 12 of them in control groups; 66 girls, 36 of them as research and 30 as control group, a total of 132 individuals who joins summer sports schools within the body of Muğla Sıtkı Ko&ccedil;man Directorate of Health, Culture and Sports with no health problems participated in the study. Two tests were applied to the children before and after the exercise program. Height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and 20m velocity measurements were performed to the participants. SPSS 21.00 package program was used for statistical evaluation of the obtained data. For paired comparisons, Paired Samples t test was applied to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. In order to determine the difference between the groups, Independent samples t test was applied and the level of significance was set at p &lt;0.05 and 0.01. In the study, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the research group between the first and second measurement results of height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity (p &lt;0.05, p &lt;0.01). As a result, in the light of the data obtained from the comparisons between the groups, it was determined that the regularly performed exercises positively affect the body weight, static balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity values in 7&ndash;12 age group boys and girls.

scholarly journals Sleep Characteristics of Healthcare Professionals in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 604-609
Author(s):  
Duygu Zorlu ◽  
Veysel Akca
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Common Group ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Sleep disturbances and anxiety are the first physical reflections observed in healthcare professionals. The aim was to reveal the sleep characteristics and moods of healthcare professionals during the pandemic for making improvements and provide support. Methods: This study is observational and cross-sectional study and was carried out in a training and research hospital in Kirsehir, Turkey. A total of 48 nurses, 25 doctors, 37 assistant health personnel, 12 security guards, and 25 medical secretaries were included, of which 147 were healthcare professionals and 50 were not healthcare professionals (control group). Three questionnaires were used; two to measure sleep, one to measure stress. The volunteer participants were administered face-to-face Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Beck Stress Scale (BSS) simultaneously and scored individually. These scores were evaluated separately for demographic characteristics and their association with occupational groups. Results: A total of 197 people were included in the study, of which 147 were healthcare professionals, and 50 were not healthcare professionals (control group). The average age of the participants was 34.15 ± 9.18 years. The participants’ average PSQI (6.25 ± 3.24), ESS (7.46 ± 3.16), and BSS (11.26 ± 4.65) were calculated. The difference between the BSS (p < 0.01) and PSQI (p < 0.05) values of women and men was statistically significant. BSS and PSQI values were low in security guards. However, these values were high in nurses. The occupational experience of the participants in all three scales was not statistically significant. It was higher in the control group than the healthcare professional group. However, these differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: In the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no difference in sleep and anxiety characteristics between health workers and non-health workers and the most common group of healthcare professionals with anxiety, sleep disorders was nurses. Based on the results, women and nurses between the ages of 31-35 should be given priority in support of healthcare professionals.

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