Physiological and ecological studies on the oestrogenic isoflavones in subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) V. Ontogenetic change

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
AB Beck
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Ontogenetic Change ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual

On plants of the same age, differences between leaves in the concentrations of the oestrogenic isoflavones daidzein (D), formononetin (F), genistein (G), and biochanin A (BA) were largely due to differences in leaf age. Concentrations of F, G, and BA declined during unfolding and development of the individual leaf. The maximum amounts per leaf of F, G, and BA were attained at the completion of the cell expansion stage. The appearance of D was associated with leaf senescence. The concentrations of F, G, and BA in expanded leaves usually declined during plant growth. An exception was F in the Yarloop strain. Relatively low levels of isoflavones were found in the stem + petiole fraction and in the roots, and intermediate levels in flowers. The relevance of these results to animal bioassays for oestrogenic activity is discussed.

Physiological and ecological studies on the oestrogenic isoflavones in subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) VII. Effects of nitrogen supply

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Practical Implications

In experiments with young plants of the Dwalganup strain of subterranean clover, nitrogen deficiency was associated with increased concentrations of isoflavones in the expanded leaves and cotyledons. In the first trifoliate leaves the concentration of total isoflavones (formononetin+genistein+ biochanin A) was approximately doubled at low nitrogen supply. Biochanin A was much less affected than the other two isoflavones. The increase in isoflavone contents of nitrogen-deficient leaves was associated with decreased protein synthesis, but not always with increased sugar contents. The supply of carbon substrates for isoflavone synthesis may depend on starch as well as sugar contents. Practical implications of the results are considered briefly.

Isoflavone mutations in subterranean clover. I. Their production, characteristics and inheritance

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Francis ◽  
AJ Millington
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Production Characteristics

Four isoflavone mutations of considerable biological and practical potential are described. Genetic evidence accumulated to date suggests the mutations to be simple recessives. A single gene can control the release of bound isoflavones. Single genes apparently also control the methylation of daidzein and genistein to formononetin and biochanin A respectively, and the development of isoflavones in normal quantities. Crosses between lines carrying the individual mutations lead to modified dihybrid Mendelian ratios.

Physiological and ecological studies on the oestrogenic isoflavones in subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.). IX.* Effects of sulphur supply

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Sulphur Deficiency ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Practical Implications

The results of field and glasshouse experiments showed that sulphur deficiency increased isoflavone concentrations in clover leaves. Severe deficiency almost doubled the concentration of total isoflavones (formononetin + genistein f biochanin A). Usually formononetin was affected as much as, or more than, either of the other two isoflavones. Four clover strains—Dwalganup, Geraldton, Daliak, and Yarloop—which differed widely in their isoflavone concentrations did not differ significantly in their proportionate increases in isoflavone concentrations due to severe sulphur deficiency. Practical implications of the results are considered briefly. __________________ *Part VIII, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 21: 593 (1970).

Physiological and ecological studies on the oestrogenic isoflavones in subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) I. Effects of temperature

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
AB Beck
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Two strains of subterranean clover – Yarloop and Mt. Barker – were grown at controlled temperatures ranging from 36/31° to 9/4°C under long-day conditions. Leaf material was analysed for the three isoflavones formononetin, genistein, and biochanin A. In the Mt. Barker strain, the formononetin concentration was low (< 0.2% dry wt.) and varied little with temperature. Otherwise, isoflavone levels generally rose from very low values at 36/31° to a peak at 15/10°, and then decreased again to 9/4°. For both strains the total concentration of the three isoflavones and also the total amount of isoflavones per leaf were highest at 15/10°. This temperature was lower than that at which maximum growth occurred. The data are discussed in relation to evidence on the effects of temperature on the formation of flavonoid (especially anthocyanin) compounds. We conclude that temperature is unlikely to be a major factor in the incidence of "clover disease".

Varietal and environmental variations in isoflavone concentrations in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
FHW Morley ◽  
CM Francis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Selection For

The concentrations of formononetin, genistein, and biochanin A in leaves of 151 lines belonging to three subspecies of T. subterraneum L. and of 8 lines of T. israeliticum D. Zoh. & Katzn, were measured from plants grown in the field at Perth and Canberra, and in a glasshouse at Perth. The average concentrations did not differ significantly between locations, but did between sampling dates. The components of variance were greater for subspecies, and for varieties within subspecies, than for environmental variables other than error. Interactions were negligible, although some were greater than zero. The component correlations between concentrations of different isoflavones were generally positive where determined by environment, but tended to be negative where determined by genotype, especially that between genistein and biochanin A. Differences among subspecies In level and pattern of isoflavone concentration could be of limited value for taxonomic classification. Differences among varieties within subspecies are sufficient to promise progress in selection for low levels of individual isoflavones by conventional techniques of plant breeding. Selection for low levels of total isoflavones would be hindered, but not prevented, by the negative genotypic correlations between concentrations of genistein and biochanin A.

Physiological and ecological studies on the oestrogenic isoflavones in subterranean clover, (T. subterraneum L.) VIII. Phosphate supply in relation to temperature and to leaf development

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Phosphate Supply ◽  
High Phosphate

In recently expanded first trifoliate leaves of the Dwalganup strain of subterranean clover, the relative difference for concentrations of formononetin at low and high phosphate supply levels was about the same at 12.5, 22.5, and 32.5�C. However, absolute differences were much less at the high temperature, where concentrations were also low. The concentrations of the other isoflavones, genistein and biochanin A, were much less affected by phosphate supply than was formononetin. Effects of phosphate on isoflavone concentrations were already evident at leaf emergence; and in phosphate-deficient leaves, concentrations of isoflavones - especially formononetin - increased during the later stages of leaf growth. Isoflavone production per leaf cell seems to be dependent on the supply of carbon substrates in the form of sugars and starch.

Physiological and ecological studies on the oestrogenic isoflavones in subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.). II. Effects of phosphate supply

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
AB Beck
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Phosphate Supply ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Two experiments with the Mt. Barker strain of subterranean clover and one with the Dwalganup strain were conducted. In each experiment, increase in phosphate supply led to increases in total dry weight production. As phosphate deficiency became more acute in the Dwalganup strain, the leaf concentrations of two isoflavones, formononetin and genistein, increased as much as twofold; a third isoflavone, biochanin A, showed little change. In the Mt. Barker strain the concentrations of genistein and biochanin A increased about twofold with increasing severity of phosphate deficiency, while those of formononetin increased at least fourfold. It is suggested that isoflavone formation in clover leaves increases under phosphate deficiency, and that this is associated with increased carbon substrates in the leaf cells. The relations between isoflavone levels and oestrogenic potency are discussed. Phosphate deficiency may be indirectly related to oestrogenic potency through its influence on isoflavone levels.

scholarly journals STRESS RESISTANCE AND COPY STRATEGIES OF STUDENTS ’BEHAVIOR DURING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Andrii Cherkashyn
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual

The article considers the main approaches to the problem of stress resistance of students in higher education institutions of Ukraine. It is determined that a number of scientists consider stress resistance as a property of the individual that determines its effective activity, and others as cognitively conditioned mechanisms for overcoming stress. It is noted that in psychological science there are other views on the stress resistance of the individual, but when studying the stress resistance of students in the educational process of higher education, it is advisable to use the above approaches. Studies suggest that most students have low levels of psychological stress, mental stress and medium, high levels of resilience. The main coping strategies of students’ behavior in stressful situations are “confrontational coping”, “avoidance”, “self-control” and “problem solving planning”.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SKEMA KOMPENSASI, SELF EFFICACY DAN PENALARAN MORAL TERHADAP SLACK BUDGETING

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Nayang Helmayunita ◽  
Ade Elsa Betavia
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
State University ◽  
Compensation Scheme ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual

This study aims to examine the effect of compensation schemes, self efficacy and moral reasoning on slack budgeting. In this study the hypothesis is proposed that in the slack inducing compensation scheme the slack budgeting will be greater than using the truth inducing compensation scheme, then managers with low self efficacy will do slack budgeting compared to those with high self efficacy. It is also proposed that the individual with low moral reasoning will do slack budgeting rather than the individual with high moral reasoning. The research design in this study was a quasi 2 x 2 laboratory experiment, with Accounting students who had sat in the 5th semester of Padang State University as lower level managers who participated in budgeting. The statistical method used to test the hypothesis is two-way ANOVA. This study provides results that the compensation scheme can affect slack budgeting actions, self efficacy has no effect on slack budgeting actions, and the interaction between slack inducing compensation schemes with low self efficacy has no effect on slack budgeting actions. Moral reasoning affects slack budgeting actions, and at lower level managers who have low levels of moral reasoning and low levels of self efficacy, interactions with slack inducing compensation schemes affect slack budgeting actions. The results of this study can contribute in the management accounting literature related to budgetary slack and its causal factors. Keyword: Slack Budgeting, Compensation Schemes, Self Efficacy, and Moral Reasoning.

Does Lead at Low Dose Affect Intelligence in Children?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-896
Author(s):  
Herbert L. Needleman ◽  
David Bellinger ◽  
Alan Leviton
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Study Find ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Ernhart et al, on the basis of their own follow-up data and an incorrect critique of a single study, find reason to question the entire literature documenting the adverse effects of low levels of lead. They assert that, if effects exist, they are minimal. To reach this sweeping conclusion, they contradict or ignore the findings of the earlier study by Perino and Ernhart, misread a table from the one study they single out for criticism, and draw debatable conclusions from their own data. We conclude by calling the readers' attention to this sentence: "While the effects of subclinical lead intoxication may not be noted in the individual cases seen in a pediatric clinic, analysis of group data indicate quite clearly (emphasis added) that performance on an intelligence test is impaired."

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