The effect of growth temperature, level of ammonium nitrate, and light intensity on the growth and nodulation of cowpea (Vigna sinensis endl. ex hassk.)

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dart ◽  
FV Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Root Nodulation ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The nodulation and growth of cowpea plants (Vigna sinensis Endl. ex Hassk. var. Poona), grown in the CERES phytotron glasshouses, were examined. The plants were grown under six controlled temperature regimes (21, 24, 27, 30, 33, or 36°C day temperature) with ammonium nitrate (NH4N03) additions of 0, 10, 30, and 90 mg nitrogen per pot of six plants; and were grown either under natural daylight or under natural daylight reduced in intensity by one-third by mesh screens. Primary root nodulation was significantly affected by temperature, NH4NO3 level, and light intensity, with an optimum temperature of 24°C. Secondary root nodulation was also affected by light intensity and temperature, but the nodulation pattern (with an optimum temperature of 33°) was almost the inverse of the primary root pattern. Temperature significantly influenced the fresh weight of nodules per plant and the nodule size, with a lesser effect of the NH4NO3 level. Plant dry weight production (tops and roots) was governed by the temperature, NH4NO3 level, and light intensity, the maximum total dry weight being produced at 27°C. Temperature, light intensity, and NH4NO3 level all influenced the plant combined- nitrogen uptake. The nodule leghaemoglobin concentration was significantly reduced at the two extreme temperatures 21° and 36°C. Temperature also markedly affected the nodule structure – particularly the distribution of starch within the nodule.

Effects of micro-environmental factors on the photoautotrophic growth of Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz cultured in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thuy Phuong Duyen ◽  
Tran Thi Van ◽  
Nguyen Thu Le Minh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Photoautotrophic Growth ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Folk Remedy

The arrow leaf abelmoschus rhizome (Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz), or Sam Bo Chinhin Vietnamese, is a perennial suffrutex herb from which the tuber root is used as a medicine in folk remedy. This species is widely distributed and can be found on many terrains across South East Asia. With an aim to create a large number of uniform and high-quality H. sagittifolius transplants in vitro, effects of some environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature on the photoautotrophic growth of H. sagittifoliusin vitro plants were investigated. In vitro single nodal cuttings, each with an unfolded leaf, were cultured photoautotrophically (without sucrose and vitamins) on mineral SH medium, under light intensity of 150 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 24oC ± 2oC, relative humidity (RH) of 55% ± 5% and three different photoperiods (8, 12 or 16 h d-1) in the first experiment. Commercial polypropylene bags (V = 1,000 ml), attached with two filter-paper membranes, were used as culture vessels. After 42 days of culture, H. sagittifolius plants under the photoperiod of 16 h d-1 had the greatestincreased fresh weight (502.3 mg/plt), increased dry weight (39.5 mg/plt) and leaf area (17.0 cm2) than those put under 8 hd-1or 12 h d-1. In addition, H. sagittifolius plants also showed statistical differences in growth when photoautotrophically cultured in different air temperature regimes, including 28/25oC (photo-/dark period), 25/25oC and 20/25oC. Increased fresh weight (775 mg/plt), increased dry weight (62 mg/plt) and leaf area (22.7 cm2) of in vitro H. sagittifolius plants were the greatest when temperature was maintained at 28 oC during photoperiod. On the contrary, the photoperiod temperature of 20oC resulted in the shortest shoot length and root length of H. sagittifoliusplants. In conclusion, this study proved that H. sagittifolius plants had the best growth when cultured on SH medium, without sucrose and vitamins supplementation, under light intensity of 150 µmol m-2 s-1, RH 55% ± 5%, photoperiod of 16 h d-1, temperature regime of 28/25oC(photo-/dark period). Citation: Nguyen Thuy Phuong Duyen, Tran Thi Van, Nguyen Le Thu Minh, Nguyen Thi Quynh, 2017. Effects of micro-environmental factors on the photoautotrophic growth of Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz cultured in vitro. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(4): 496-506. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n4.11030. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 7 September 2017, accepted 15 December 2017

scholarly journals Monosporic Inoculation of Economically Important Horticultural Species with Native Endomycorrhizae under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Flor Hernandez ◽  
Rosalinda Villarreal ◽  
Valentin Torres ◽  
Adrien Gallou
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Research into the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is key for sustainable agricultural intensification. The objective of the present study is to evaluate native AMF at the monosporic level in greenhouse-grown, economically important crops. Agricultural soil samples from three locations (Saltillo, Zaragoza, and Parras) were obtained by combining portions resulting from a zigzag sampling pattern. From these samples, 15 morphotypes were extracted according to a modified Gerdemann’s technique and monosporically inoculated on melon, cucumber, tomato, and onion, 30 days after their sowing. Under a completely random experimental design, 16 treatments with three repetitions were defined. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, bulb weight, fresh leaf weight, total dry weight, flower number, leaf number, fruit number, spore number, and percentage of colonization were all evaluated. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey comparison test (p ≤ 0.05), which showed that the monosporic inoculation favors significantly the AMF and the host, while the T6 (Saltillo spore + Steiner modified with 20% of the normal phosphorus concentration) showed a greater response uniformity on onion and melon, which indicates its great potential as an inoculum.

scholarly journals Assessment of Growth and Biomass Production of a Medicinal Plant Bryophyllum Salisb. as Influenced by Different Organic Manures

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
AT Sharif ◽  
AS Razzaque ◽  
TT Purna ◽  
Md Khalilur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Compost Treatment ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of various organic manures on the growth performance and biomass production of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Nine kinds of organic manures, such as ACI, BGF-1, bone meal, Green life, Kazi, Majim, mustard cake, Payel and Shebok composts were applied individually at the rate of 15 ton/ha. Highest height (45.25 cm), leaf number (102.67 no./plant), leaf area (82.43 cm2/plant), number of branches (27.00 no./plant), girth (6.75 cm/plant), total fresh weight (334.02 g/plant) and total dry weight (86.09 g/plant) were recorded in mustard cake compost treatment at harvest. Results showed that the best growth performance and biomass production both were achieved by mustard cake compost treatment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 229-236, 2020 (July)

Response of abscisic acid mutants of Arabidopsis to salinity

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant R. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Increases in abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in plant tissues correlate with growth inhibition in salt-stressed plants. Therefore, it was hypothesized that Arabidopsis ABA mutants different in, or insensitive to, ABA would respond differently than wild type (wt) to salinity stress. Seeds (wt, abi1-1, abi2-1, abi3-1, and aba1-3) were germinated and grown hydroponically in three separate experiments with different environmental conditions: relative humidity at 80 or 100%, day/night temperatures at 21/18 or 23/20˚C, and light intensity at 125, 200 or 350 μmol photons m–2 s-1. Plants were exposed to salinity (either 0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl or 1, 5, and 9 dS m–1 with a Na/Ca ratio of 10 depending on the experiment) for one to several weeks before harvesting. The effect of salinity on root elongation rates of young seedlings was measured as well. Two-way ANOVA of root elongation rates of young seedlings and the growth of 3-week old plants in hydroponic solutions indicated that salinity inhibited growth, increased ABA and Na concentrations, and reduced K concentrations in all genotypes tested. However, there were no significant interactions with salinity and genotype for root elongation rates, total dry weight, shoot ABA and K concentrations. Shoot Na concentrations were significantly higher in wt plants relative to other genotypes subjected to high salinity stress. aba1-3 had significantly lower ABA concentrations than other genotypes, but the interaction of aba1-3 with salinity was the same as other genotypes. The lack of difference in interaction between genotype and salinity indicates that all genotypes responded in the same manner and amount to salinity for the particular parameter measured. Therefore, it appears that there are no significant differences in growth in response to salinity between the ABA mutants (ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive) and wt. However, in contrast to the other genotypes, some of the ABA-deficient plants, aba1-3, died when exposed to high salinity and high light intensity. ABA appears to provide a protective role in conditions of high salinity and high light intensity.

scholarly journals Uji Daya Simpan dan Efektivitas Prototipe Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza dengan Media Pembawa Pasir Vulkanik dan Pasir Laut

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
KADEK JUNIARI ◽  
I NYOMAN RAI ◽  
I MADE SUKEWIJAYA
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Fertilizer ◽  
Better Than

Time Storage and Effectivity of the Prototype of Mychorrhiza Biological Fertilizer with Volcanic and Sea Sand as the Carrier Media.  This research aimed to study time storage and the efectivity of prototype of mychorrhiza biological fertilizer with volcanic and sea sand as the carrier media. The study was arranged using a randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor was carrier media of mychorrhiza spore consist of 2 levels i.e. volcanic and and sea sand, and the second factor was time storage of prototype of mychorrhiza biological fertilizer consist of 3 levels i.e. 1, 2, and 3 month. The result of research showed that volcanic sand carrier media was better than the sea sand media proved by higher total dry weight. The best time storage of prototype of mychorrhiza biological fertilizer in this research was 1 month indicated by the highest amount of spores after storage. The interaction between carrier media and time storage gave significantly different just to stem diamater and fresh weight of corn cob.

scholarly journals Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.) Seedlings Showed Impressive Recovery after Defoliation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D. Ugese ◽  
P.T. Ezechukwu ◽  
C. Ogbaje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Experiments to determine the effect of seed size, watering interval and defoliation on growth and dry matter attributes of seedlings of shea butter tree were conducted at Makurdi, Nigeria, from July 2010 to April, 2012. In the first experiment, treatments were made up of three seed size categories described as small (5-10g), medium (11-15g) and large (16-20g) and three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days. In the second experiment, treatments comprised three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days and three levels of defoliation – 0, 50 and 100%. In both experiments, factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results of analysis of variance showed that in the first experiment seed size significantly influenced root length with the medium and large seeds producing seedlings with comparatively longer roots than the small seeds. The most frequently watered seedlings (3 and 6 days) produced more leaves than those watered less frequently (9 days). Seed size influenced dry weight of root and total (whole plant) dry weight with the medium and large seeds recording significantly higher values than the small seeds. Watering interval however did not significantly influence any of the other traits. Seed weight exerted significant influence on amount of dry matter partitioned to the stem and the root. More dry matter was partitioned to the stem by the small seeds. Conversely, medium and large seeds allocated more dry matter to the root than to the stem. In the second experiment, defoliation level only influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight in favour of plants with half their leaves removed. None of the traits examined were significantly influenced by watering regime. Interaction between defoliation level and watering regime significantly influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight. Generally seed size had more influence on seedling characters than watering interval. Seedlings also demonstrated remarkable ability to overcome effects of defoliation.

Nodulation and nitrogen fixation by Vigna sinensis and Vicia atropurpurea: The influence of concentration, form, and site of application of combined nitrogen

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dart ◽  
DC Wildon
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Rhizobium Strain ◽  
Root Nodulation ◽  
Combined Nitrogen

Nitrogen fixation by Vigna sinesis nodulated effectively either by Rhizobium strain QA323 or by strain CB441 is little restricted by applications at sowing of ammonium nitrate up to 24 mg nitrogen per plant. The growth patterns of these two associations are differentially affected by nitrogen level, and are both considerably different from that of unnodulated plants given combined nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation by V. sinensis-strain SU318 may be stimulated by small doses of combined nitrogen at sowing, but for Vicia atvopurpurea all the combined nitrogen levels used in these experiments depressed fixation. Primary root nodulation of V. atropurpurea by the effective Rhizobium strain V27E and the ineffective strain NA6, and of V. sinensis by the effective Rhizobium strain SU318, is influenced by the form and amount of the nitrogen compound applied (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, or urea), and that of V. atropurpurea is also influenced by the Rhizobium strain. These forms of combined nitrogen restrict primary root nodulation on both hosts similarly except that urea has little effect on V. atuopurpurea. In both species many more nodules formed on the secondary roots than on the primary, but numbers of secondary root nodules are little affected by the combined nitrogen. Immersion of the first leaves of V. sinensis seedlings in solutions of combined nitrogen depressed nodulation, but urea slightly increased the dry weight of tops.

Photosynthetic apparatus in Selaginella. I. Morphology and photosynthesis under different light and temperature regimes

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jagels
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
Branching Patterns

Several hydrophytic and umbrophilic species of Selaginella were grown in sterile culture and scrutinized for morphological and photosynthetic variability under light intensities between 0 and 500 ft-c and temperatures of 9° and 22 °C. Bleaching was induced by raising light intensity; and for a particular light intensity was enhanced by lowering temperature. Regreening could be achieved by reversing conditions. Branching patterns, leaf symmetry, and orientation of leaves to axis were also light dependent. Light levels which produced normal green plants for S. uncinata initiated only half-saturation photosynthetic rates. Photosaturating light intensities, if applied for several weeks, induced bleaching. Based on fresh or dry weight bleaching plants had lower photosynthetic rates than green plant's; but based on chlorophyll content the photosynthetic rates of green and bleaching plants were the same.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Traits Related to Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Lens Species at the Seedling Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2711
Author(s):  
Vinita Ramtekey ◽  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
Deepali Kothari ◽  
Akanksha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the world. P is immobile in nature and, therefore, the identification of novel genotypes with efficient P uptake and utilization under a low P environment is extremely important. This study was designed to characterize eighty genotypes of different Lens species for shoot and root traits at two contrasting levels of P. A significant reduction in primary root length (PRL), total surface area (TSA), total root tips (TRT), root forks (RF), total dry weight (TDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in response to P deficiency was recorded. A principal component analysis revealed that the TDW, SDW and RDW were significantly correlated to P uptake and utilization efficiency in lentils. Based on total dry weight (TDW) under low P, L4727, EC718309, EC714238, PL-97, EC718348, DPL15, PL06 and EC718332 were found promising. The characterization of different Lens species revealed species-specific variations for the studied traits. Cultivated lentils exhibited higher P uptake and utilization efficiency as compared to the wild forms. The study, based on four different techniques, identified EC714238 as the most P use-efficient genotype. The genotypes identified in this study can be utilized for developing mapping populations and deciphering the genetics for breeding lentil varieties suited for low P environments.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION AND METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES IN MARIGOLD SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 648d-648
Author(s):  
Jack W. Buxton ◽  
Donna Switzer ◽  
Guoqiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Lower Light Intensity

Marigold seedlings, 3 weeks old, were grown in natural light growth chambers at 3 day/night temperature regimes, 8°N/16°D, 13°N/20°D and 18°N/24°D, in a factorial combination with ambient and 1000-1500 ppm CO2. Seedlings were harvested at regular intervals during a 24 hr period and were analyzed for soluble sugars (reducing sugars and sucrose) and starch. Neither temperature nor CO2 concentration affected the accumulation of soluble sugars or starch during the day or night. The soluble sugar concentration ranged from 3% of dry weight at sunrise to 6% at mid-day; the concentration changed little during the night. Light intensity was different during replications of the experiment. Increased light intensity appeared to cause a slight increase in the soluble sugars maintained by the seedling during the day. Accumulated starch increased 6% to 8% from sunrise to late afternoon. Preliminary results indicate that light intensity greatly affected the concentration of starch. On the higher light intensity day, starch accumulated to a maximum of 18% of dry weight; whereas on the lower light intensity day the maximum concentration was 10%. During the night following the lower light intensity day, the starch concentration decreased to approximately 3% by the end of the night; following a brighter day the starch content was 13% at the end of the night.

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