The intial and residual effects of superphosphate and rock phosphate for sorghum on a lateritic red earth

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Arndt ◽  
GA McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Sorghum Production

The initial and residual effects of superphosphate and rock phosphate with sorghum were recorded on Tippera clay loam a lateritic red earth at Katherine, N.T. Both forms of phosphate were highly effective as initial broadcast applications and as residues. Initially, superphosphate was superior to rock phosphate on a weight per acre basis. For superphosphate the residual value left after 1 year was 50% of the initial value, and after 7 years about 8%. For rock phosphate the residual value after 7 years was about 66–70% of the initial value. The data have been extrapolated to give rough estimates of the value to complete exhaustion of the residue. These estimates suggest that for both superphosphate and rock phosphate, regular annual dressings of 1 cwt and of 2 cwt will give in the long run at least 80% and 95% respectively of the sorghum production possible with phosphate not limiting.

Residual value of superphosphate and rock phosphate on an acid soil I. Yields and phosphorus uptakes in the field

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly ◽  
F. V. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Rye Grass

1. A field experiment on an acid soil long in arable cropping at Rothamsted measured residual effects of superphosphate, applied at several rates, and Gafsa rock phosphate applied at a single rate. Residues were valued after 1 year with barley, and after 2 years with rye-grass. In each year, the value of the residues was related to yields from fresh superphosphate dressings taken as standards. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of the residues were determined using yields and P uptakes of both crops. An isotope dilution method with 32P was also used with barley. The experiment was continued for 2 further years without applying phosphate fertilizers, to measure yields and P uptakes from the residues and yields and P uptakes from rock phosphate relative to superphosphate.2. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of residues of superphosphate for barley varied with the growth of the crop and with the method used to calculate them. They were 21–24%6 weeks after sowing, measured from yield, P uptake or isotope dilution. At harvest, they were 26% from yield, 43% from P uptake and 49% by isotope dilution. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ 6 weeks after sowing increased with the rate of superphosphate but at harvest were independent of rate. ‘Percentage superphosphate equivalents’ of Gafsa rock phosphate were much smaller; they increased from 2–3% 6 weeks after sowing to 7–12% at harvest.3. With rye-grass ‘percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of residues of superphosphate applied either 1 or 2 years previously also varied with growth. All methods of valuation showed that residues were about twice as effective after 1 year as after 2 years in the soil. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ derived from P uptake remained constant during growth and were 37–38% for superphosphate applied 1 year before and 18–20% for superphosphate applied 2 years before. Values derived from rye-grass yields decreased during growth from 76 to 45% (1-year residues) and from 38 to 21% (2-year residues).4. After cropping with barley for 2 more years, there was little difference between yields or P uptakes from equal amounts of superphosphate whether applied 3 or 4 years previously. Residues from rock phosphate were almost equivalent to those from superphosphate after 3–4 years.5. Apparent recoveries of superphosphate, as percentages of the amount applied, decreased with rate. The apparent recovery of P by crops in 5 years was about 21% from superphosphate and about 10% from rock phosphate when both were applied at 3·0 owt. P2O5 per acre.

Rock phosphate and superphosphate compared as pasture fertilizers on acid soils

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Sulphur Fertilizer

The results of a study comparing rock phosphate and superphosphate as pasture top-dressings on two acid soils are presented. The trials were designed to examine the immediate response to, and the residual effects of, an initial application of both fertilizers. At equivalent levels of applied phosphorus, superphosphate was a better fertilizer than rock phosphate in the early years of the trial. Rock phosphate and superphosphate both had a good residual value, and the yields obtained with both fertilizers were not significantly different after the first few years. The total yield of pasture over the 7 year period was similar for both fertilizers. A low residual value of gypsum as a sulphur fertilizer is demonstrated. The evidence shows that where a deficiency limits plant growth and inhibits the uptake of phosphorus, the fall in the residual value of a phosphorus fertilizer is less than where plant growth is not restricted. This suggests that a major factor governing the availability of residual phosphorus to plants, from both superphosphate and rock phosphate, is the conversion of available inorganic phosphorus to organic forms, through uptake by the plants themselves. It would appear that this effect on residual phosphate can be more important than "fixation" of inorganic forms. Mixtures of rock phosphate and superphosphate, both physical and by under-acidulation of rock phosphate, were used. The results are presented and discussed.

Experiments measuring the residual effects of nitrogen fertilizers

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Potato Yields

The experiment testing N residues (made on a clay-loam soil) clearly showed that N applied for potatoes benefited the following wheat crop, but that N applied for wheat benefited the following potato crop little. There were no worth-while 1. An experiment on a clay-loam soil measured responses to three amounts of nitrogen on alternate crops of wheat and potatoes; these dressings were tested in all combinations with three rates of N applied 1 and 2 years previously. Nitrogen applied for potatoes consistently increased yields of following wheat. The residue from applying 1·5 cwt. N/acre for potatoes was equivalent to topdressing the wheat with 0·55 cwt. N/acre; the value of the residue was decreased by applying N to the wheat. Potato yields were increased little by applying N to the preceding wheat crop and the residues were of little significance when compared with the responses to new N. There was no gain from N applied 2 years previously for either crop.

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: II. Residual value of nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation, with special reference to changes in soil phosphorus status

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers

SUMMARYThe residual value of three nitrophosphates, potassium metaphosphate, basic slag and rock phosphate was compared with that of superphosphate in two experiments with potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation. The residual value of the fertilizers was also compared with that of (a) six cumulative annual dressings of superphosphate supplying either one-half or the same total amounts of phosphate and (b) single fresh applications of superphosphate applied once in each rotation. Yields and phosphorus uptakes are discussed in relation to the amounts of soil phosphate soluble in 0·5 M-NaHCO3.In the first rotation residues of rock phosphate produced about 1 ton/acre less potato tubers than residues of other fertilizers and cumulative annual applications of superphosphate produced 0·6–0·9 tons/acre less tubers than all residues except rock phosphate. In the second rotation residues of fertilizers increased tuber yields less than cumulative dressings of superphosphate. Over two rotations mean yields from residues and from cumulative dressings were the same. Mean yields of barley over two rotations were 1–3 cwt/acre greater from residues than from cumulative annual dressings; the residual value of the different phosphates was the same. For swedes residues from the alternative phosphates, including basic slag and rock phosphate, were equivalent to those from superphosphate and gave the same mean yields as six cumulative dressings of superphosphate broadcast at planting.Average residual values of alternative phosphate fertilizers, calculated from (a) yield response, (b) P uptake, and (c) soil analysis were: superphosphate, 100; nitrophosphates, 100–102; potassium metaphosphate, 95; basic slag, 94; Gafsa rock phosphate, 92. Mean percentage ‘fresh’ superphosphate equivalents of residues from all fertilizers were 17 and 26% after the first rotation and 11 and 15% after the second rotation for potatoes and swedes respectively.The percentage of the total variance in crop yields accounted for by linear regression on NaHCO3-soluble P ranged from 38 to 70% for potatoes, 9 to 28% for barley grain and 42 to 92% for swedes. Mean yields of the crops increased by 0·24 ± 0·037 tons/acre (potatoes), 0·22 ± 0·08 cwt/acre (barley) and 1·16 ±0·148 tons/acre (swedes) for each ppm NaHCO3-soluble phosphorus in the soil at harvest.

Residual effects of phosphorus fertiliser in a stylo-native grass pasture on a duplex red earth soil in the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
KA Shaw ◽  
MA Gilbert ◽  
JD Armour ◽  
MJ Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
P Application ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Establishment Phase

A field experiment was established to define the phosphorus (P) requirement for establishment and maintenance of a mixed legume pasture (Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca, S. hamata cv. Verano, S. guianensis cv. Graham, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro) introduced into a native grass pasture on an infertile duplex red earth. Rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 kg P/ha were applied to separate plots in year 1 (1982), 2, and 3. In year 5 (1986 growing season), half of each plot that had received 20 and 40 kg P/ha in year 3 was refertilised at the original rate to ensure that maximum yields were defined. Bicarbonate- or acid-extractable soil P concentrations of 8 mg/kg were sufficient for 80% maximum legume yield. The residual value of applied P in the surface soil, as measured by soil analysis, decreased exponentially, but an initial application of 40 kg P/ha was still sufficient to produce near-maximum legume yield after 5 years. Phosphorus application increased the dry matter yield of legume. During the establishment phase (years 1 and 2 after planting) yields reached maximum at 10 and 20 kg P/ha, respectively, but increased linearly in subsequent years. When the original rates were reapplied in year 5, peak yield occurred at 20 + 20 kg P/ha, and there was no difference between this yield and that from plots receiving 40 kg P/ha in year 1. Native grass yields increased with P application only in years 4 and 5 of the experiment. Stylos demonstrated good tolerance to low P supply. In year 1, 80% of the total legume yield consisted of Graham stylo and Siratro, whereas in subsequent years, Seca and Verano made up 70 and 20%, respectively, of the total, irrespective of treatment. Yield of legume at nil P, relative to maximum, increased from 5% in year 1 to 42% in year 5.

Residual Effects of CGA-131036 and Chlorsulfuron on Spring-Sown Rotational Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Friesen ◽  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Time Required

Response of flax, canola, field pea, sunflower, field corn, lentils, and common buckwheat to soil residues of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron applied at 22 g ai ha–1was determined on two soil types at Morden, Manitoba. on a fine sandy loam with a pH of 7.4 and 4.5% organic matter, the length of time required before crops showed no phytotoxicity from CGA-131036 residues was: sunflower 4 yr; canola and common buckwheat 3 yr; flax 2 yr; field pea and field corn 1 yr. on a clay loam with a pH of 6.5 and 5.3% organic matter, the corresponding duration was: lentil, canola, and sunflower 3 yr; flax and field pea 1 yr. Chlorsulfuron residues persisted somewhat longer than CGA-131036 residues on the sandy loam but not on the clay loam.

Experiments on the control of the Lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis (L) and the Red-Legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor (Tuck.)) in pastures in Western Australia.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMH Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Low Volume

Experiments with BHC, chlordane, and parathion against the lucerne flea (Sminhurus viridis (L.)) and the red-legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor (Tuck.)) in pastures are described. All insecticides were applied by means of a low-volume boom spray delivering 5 gal per acre. BHC applied at the rate of 2 lb 50 per cent. dispersible powder per acre had no effect on the lucerne flea population but killed approximately 90 per cent. of the earth mites present. Chlordane applied a t the rate of ½ lb per acre achieved no control of either pest. Parathion applied at the rate of ¼ pt of 20 per cent. emulsion per acre gave practically 100 per cent. control of lucerne fleas. Its residual effects were negligible and fleas hatching from eggs laid prior to spraying were not harmed. Equally good immediate control was achieved by applications of parathion at one-half the above concentration. The addition of DDT to the spray ensured the destruction of all earth mites as well as the lucerne flea. DDT gave no evidence of control of the lucerne flea in previous experiments. The experiments show that parathion is a highly effective insecticide against the lucerne flea but for maximum efficiency it should be applied early in the season before any eggs have been laid. The toxicity of the parathion sprays to grazing stock is discussed.

scholarly journals Agronomic and P recovery efficiency of organomineral phosphate fertilizer from poultry litter in sandy and clayey soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 786-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerusa Maia e Sá ◽  
Cláudia Pozzi Jantalia ◽  
Paulo César Teixeira ◽  
José Carlos Polidoro ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic and P recovery efficiencies of a granulated organomineral phosphate fertilizer (OMF) produced from poultry litter, compared with those of monoammonium phosphate (MAP), in soils with different textures. The experiment followed a 2x2x4+2 factorial arrangement, with two Oxisols (sandy loam and clay loam textures), two sources of P (OMF and MAP), four levels of P (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1), besides two control treatments without P application. The treatments were evaluated in 10-kg pots filled with soil, during four successive cultivations of corn without replacing the P absorbed by the plants, in order to evaluate the actual and residual effects of the fertilizers. Available P contents in the soil were higher with the MAP fertilizer in the sandy loam soil, with no significant differences between fertilizers in the clay loam soil. OMF had a greater immediate effect and promoted a higher dry matter yield in the first cultivation; however, the residual effects of the fertilizers did not differ in the other cultivations. P accumulation by plants was not affected by the fertilizer used. OMF had higher agronomic efficiency, but P recovery efficiency did not differ significantly between fertilizers. OMF performance indicates good potential use of poultry litter as fertilizer, in organomineral formulations.

Initial and Residual Effects of Rock Phosphate and Superphosphate 1

1960 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Doll ◽  
H. F. Miller ◽  
J. F. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Residual Effects

Effect of irrigation, pyrites and phosphobacteria on the efficiency of rock phosphate applied to lentils

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sharma ◽  
S. B. Ray ◽  
S. L. Pandey ◽  
R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYA field experiment was made at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during the autumn-spring season of crop years 1979–80 and 1980–1 to study the effects of irrigation, pyrites and phosphobacteria on the efficiency of Mussoorie rock phosphate(north-western Himalayan deposits) for lentils (Lens culinaris Medic), and residual effects were studied in maize (Zea mays L.). Response to phosphate was observed only when the crop received irrigation. Mussoorie rock phosphate was only 40·5% as effective as ordinary superphosphate; its efficiency was increased to 50·4% when it was mixed with 25% (by weight) pyrites. When the lentil seeds were treated with the culture of Pseudomonas striata (phosphate solubilizing bacteria) the efficiency of rock phosphate was increased to 79·7%. Rock phosphate together with seed treatment with phosphobacteria also showed residual effects on the succeeding maize crop which were equal to those obtained with ordinary superphosphate. Our results thus show that use of phosphobacteria can considerably increase the efficiency of rock phosphate on neutral soils.

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