Rock phosphate and superphosphate compared as pasture fertilizers on acid soils

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Sulphur Fertilizer

The results of a study comparing rock phosphate and superphosphate as pasture top-dressings on two acid soils are presented. The trials were designed to examine the immediate response to, and the residual effects of, an initial application of both fertilizers. At equivalent levels of applied phosphorus, superphosphate was a better fertilizer than rock phosphate in the early years of the trial. Rock phosphate and superphosphate both had a good residual value, and the yields obtained with both fertilizers were not significantly different after the first few years. The total yield of pasture over the 7 year period was similar for both fertilizers. A low residual value of gypsum as a sulphur fertilizer is demonstrated. The evidence shows that where a deficiency limits plant growth and inhibits the uptake of phosphorus, the fall in the residual value of a phosphorus fertilizer is less than where plant growth is not restricted. This suggests that a major factor governing the availability of residual phosphorus to plants, from both superphosphate and rock phosphate, is the conversion of available inorganic phosphorus to organic forms, through uptake by the plants themselves. It would appear that this effect on residual phosphate can be more important than "fixation" of inorganic forms. Mixtures of rock phosphate and superphosphate, both physical and by under-acidulation of rock phosphate, were used. The results are presented and discussed.

The residual effect of phosphorus on soil fertility and pasture development on acid soils

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Anderson ◽  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Early Years ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Phosphate Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Demand

A study was made of the residual effect of superphosphate applied to pasture on acid soils on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. The effect of the superphosphate on the development of clover and subsequent changes in soil fertility and development of grass was examined. Only a limited proportion of the phosphorus applied was taken up by the pasture over the period of the experiments, but the evidence obtained suggests that this cannot be ascribed merely to phosphate fixation in the soil. The residual phosphorus was little, if any, less effective than current dressings over a number of years. The total yield of pasture was dependent almost entirely on the amount of superphosphate applied, and frequency of application had little or no effect on the total yield. A single dose at the commencement of the trials was as effective in increasing the total yield and the uptake of phosphorus as were annual dressings. High fertility and grass dominance were achieved by heavy annual dressings of superphosphate or by application of the bulk of the phosphorus in the early years. Lighter annual dressings resulted in clover dominance. Some advantages of heavier, less frequent application of superphosphate are discussed. Competition for phosphorus was an important factor in suppression of the clover by the grass. Evidence was presented in support of a hypothesis that grass or clover dominance is dependent both upon the vigour and fertility requirements of the species and upon the relation between the nitrogen demand of the pasture unit and the soil nitrogen status.

Residual value of superphosphate and rock phosphate on an acid soil I. Yields and phosphorus uptakes in the field

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly ◽  
F. V. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Rye Grass

1. A field experiment on an acid soil long in arable cropping at Rothamsted measured residual effects of superphosphate, applied at several rates, and Gafsa rock phosphate applied at a single rate. Residues were valued after 1 year with barley, and after 2 years with rye-grass. In each year, the value of the residues was related to yields from fresh superphosphate dressings taken as standards. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of the residues were determined using yields and P uptakes of both crops. An isotope dilution method with 32P was also used with barley. The experiment was continued for 2 further years without applying phosphate fertilizers, to measure yields and P uptakes from the residues and yields and P uptakes from rock phosphate relative to superphosphate.2. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of residues of superphosphate for barley varied with the growth of the crop and with the method used to calculate them. They were 21–24%6 weeks after sowing, measured from yield, P uptake or isotope dilution. At harvest, they were 26% from yield, 43% from P uptake and 49% by isotope dilution. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ 6 weeks after sowing increased with the rate of superphosphate but at harvest were independent of rate. ‘Percentage superphosphate equivalents’ of Gafsa rock phosphate were much smaller; they increased from 2–3% 6 weeks after sowing to 7–12% at harvest.3. With rye-grass ‘percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ of residues of superphosphate applied either 1 or 2 years previously also varied with growth. All methods of valuation showed that residues were about twice as effective after 1 year as after 2 years in the soil. ‘Percentage fresh superphosphate equivalents’ derived from P uptake remained constant during growth and were 37–38% for superphosphate applied 1 year before and 18–20% for superphosphate applied 2 years before. Values derived from rye-grass yields decreased during growth from 76 to 45% (1-year residues) and from 38 to 21% (2-year residues).4. After cropping with barley for 2 more years, there was little difference between yields or P uptakes from equal amounts of superphosphate whether applied 3 or 4 years previously. Residues from rock phosphate were almost equivalent to those from superphosphate after 3–4 years.5. Apparent recoveries of superphosphate, as percentages of the amount applied, decreased with rate. The apparent recovery of P by crops in 5 years was about 21% from superphosphate and about 10% from rock phosphate when both were applied at 3·0 owt. P2O5 per acre.

The intial and residual effects of superphosphate and rock phosphate for sorghum on a lateritic red earth

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Arndt ◽  
GA McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Sorghum Production

The initial and residual effects of superphosphate and rock phosphate with sorghum were recorded on Tippera clay loam a lateritic red earth at Katherine, N.T. Both forms of phosphate were highly effective as initial broadcast applications and as residues. Initially, superphosphate was superior to rock phosphate on a weight per acre basis. For superphosphate the residual value left after 1 year was 50% of the initial value, and after 7 years about 8%. For rock phosphate the residual value after 7 years was about 66–70% of the initial value. The data have been extrapolated to give rough estimates of the value to complete exhaustion of the residue. These estimates suggest that for both superphosphate and rock phosphate, regular annual dressings of 1 cwt and of 2 cwt will give in the long run at least 80% and 95% respectively of the sorghum production possible with phosphate not limiting.

scholarly journals The Use of Rock Phosphate as a Source of Phosphorus on a Slightly Acid Clayey Soil in Tanzania

Afrika Focus ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
J.J.T Msaky ◽  
B.M. Msanya ◽  
A.P. Uriyo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Initial Results

The effectiveness of rock phosphate as a phosphorus nutrient source was studied as compared to triple superphosphate (TSP), a common fertilizer used in Tanzania. Initial results showed that rock phosphate can be used as a P source for growing maize. Its application increased both grain yields and soluble fluoride extractable P in the soil. TSP still proved to be superior to rock phosphate for the direct effect experiments in terms of both grain yield and soluble fluoride extractable P. However, for the residual effects experiment, rock phosphate was equally effective as TSP. Grinding rock phosphate beyond -40+60 mesh did not result in an increase in soluble P. However, increase in levels of application resulted into increased soluble P in soil. A combination of fineness and level of application resulted into an increased amount of soluble P. This combination should thus be used as a criterion in the use of rock phosphate as a P nutrient source for plant growth.

scholarly journals The Use of Rock Phosphate as a Source of Phosphorus on a slightly acid clayey Soil in Tanzania

Afrika Focus ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J.T. Msaky ◽  
B.M. Msanya ◽  
A.P. Uriyo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Initial Results

The effectiveness of rock phosphate as a phosphorus nutrient source was studied as compared to triple superphosphate (TSP), a common fertilizer used in Tanzania. Initial results showed that rock phosphate can be used as a P source for growing maize. Its application increased both grain yields and soluble floride extractable P in the soil. TSP still proved to be superior to rock phosphate for the direct effect experiments in terms of both grain yield and soluble fluoride extractable P. However, for the residual effects experiment, rock phosphate was equally effective as TSP. Grinding rock phosphate beyond -40+60 mesh did not result in an increase in soluble P. However, increase in levels of application resulted into increased soluble P in soil. A combination of fineness and level of application resulted into an increased amount of soluble P. This combination should thus be used as a criterion in the use of rock phosphate as a P nutrient source for plant growth. KEYWORDS : Rock Phosphate, phosphorus source, soils, Tanzania 

scholarly journals The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Avela Sogoni ◽  
Muhali Jimoh ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi ◽  
Charles Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

MINERALIZATION OF SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EFFECT OF LIME

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead ◽  
J. M. Lapensee ◽  
K. C. Ivarson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
Partial Sterilization ◽  
Positive Effect

In a laboratory experiment, liming resulted in an average decline of 3.6 per cent in the total organic phosphorus content of incubated surface samples of seven acid soils from eastern Canada. Increases of 2.6 and 5.1 per cent in 1N H2SO4- and 4N HCl-soluble inorganic phosphorus, respectively, and a decrease of 46.4 per cent in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus (pH 8.5) provided further evidence of mineralization of organic phosphorus following liming. There was some evidence, however, that the differences in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus following liming were due only in part to mineralization, since Ca(OH)2 added to a soil just prior to extraction with NaHCO3 had a repressive effect on the solubility of the organic phosphorus compounds.Some mineralization of organic phosphorus occurred when unlimed samples were incubated in the laboratory for 9 months.Marked increases in microbiological activity, as indicated by increased numbers of microorganisms, and increased CO2 and NO3-nitrogen production, were associated with lower values for extractable organic phosphorus following liming. Partial sterilization of samples with toluene lowered biological activity in the unlimed and limed samples. Toluene was found, however, to have a positive effect on release of phosphorus from organic form.

Spaceflight hardware for conducting plant growth experiments in space: The early years 1960–2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Porterfield ◽  
G.S. Neichitailo ◽  
A.L. Mashinski ◽  
M.E. Musgrave
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Growth Experiments

scholarly journals Inorganic Phosphorous, Lime and Vermicompost Induced Changes on Phosphorus Fractions and Other Properties of Acidic Soil of Cheha District, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bereket Ayenew Alemu ◽  
Asmare Melese
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorous

Abstract Background: In acid soils, soluble inorganic phosphorus is fixed by aluminum and iron, so that phosphorous availability to plant would be inhibited. Thus, an incubation study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lime, vermicompost, and mineral P fertilizer on the distribution of P fractions and oxalate and dithionite extractable aluminum and iron. The treatments consisted of three rates of phosphorous (0, 74.51 and 149.01 kg P ha-1), three rates of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 ton VC ha-1) and four rates of lime (0, 5.70, 9.20, and 11.50 ton CaCO3 ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a complete randomized design in a factorial arrangement. Results: Combined application of lime, vermicompost and mineral P significantly increased (p<0.05) labile phosphorus fractions and decreased potential sorption capacities of the soil. As the increased soil pH, reduced exchangeable acidity and oxalate extractable Fe and Al the integrated applications of these amendments fixed aluminum and iron instead of phosphorus, thus rendering phosphorus available by keeping the inorganic phosphorus in a bioavailable labile phosphorus pool compared to sole application of the amendments. Conclusions: Combined applications of lime, vermicompost and inorganic P to acidic soils of Goha-1 in Cheha district could convey enhanced amount of available P and ensures the maintenance of higher levels of labile P. It might also contribute towards meeting crop P requirements.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Organic Processing Tomato as Affected by Different Cover Crop Residues Management

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abou Chehade ◽  
Antichi ◽  
Martelloni ◽  
Frasconi ◽  
Sbrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
No Till

No-till practices reduce soil erosion, conserve soil organic carbon, and enhance soil fertility. Yet, many factors could limit their adoption in organic farming. The present study investigated the effects of tillage and cover cropping on weed biomass, plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of an organic processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L. var. Elba F1) over two seasons (2015–2017). We compared systems where processing tomato was transplanted on i) tilled soil following or not a winter cover crop (Trifolium squarrosum L.) and with/without a biodegradable plastic mulch; and ii) no-till where clover was used, after rolling and flaming, as dead mulch. Tomato in no-till suffered from high weed competition and low soil nitrogen availability leading to lower plant growth, N uptake, and yield components with respect to tilled systems. The total yield in no-till declined to 6.8 and 18.3 t ha−1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with at least a 65% decrease compared to tilled clover-based systems. No evidence of growth-limiting soil compaction was noticed but a slightly higher soil resistance was in the no-till topsoil. Tillage and cover crop residues did not significantly change tomato quality (pH, total soluble solids, firmness). The incorporation of clover as green manure was generally more advantageous over no-till. This was partly due to the low performance of the cover crop where improvement may limit the obstacles (i.e., N supply and weed infestation) and enable the implementation of no-till in organic vegetable systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document