The modification of climate near the ground by irrigation for pastures on the Riverine plain

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vries DA de ◽  
JW Birch
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Form ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Screen Height ◽  
Land Station ◽  
Meteorological Observations

Methods are described and results reported of meteorological observations made during the irrigation seasons 1936–57 and 1957–58 at three stations in the Nanneella irrigation area (dimensions approximately 6 by 7 km²) and on a dry-land station nearby. The former stations are situated on irrigated pastures, whilst the latter is on a dry-land pasture. Irrigation gives rise to a decrease of air and soil temperatures and an increase of atmospheric humidity- near the surface of the earth. The magnitudes of these effects depend inter alia on the irrigation rate and the distance down wind in the irrigated area. In summer at an irrigation rate of approximately 0.3 cm/day the observed differences between the dry-land station and a station in the centre of the irrigation area amounted to: 1–2°C for air temperature at screen height (125 cm); approximately 10°C for soil temperatures (at depths of 5 and 30 cm); 5–10% for relative humidity at screen height; 0.5–1.5 mm Hg for vapour pressure at screen height. The differences quoted are for average values of the observed quantities taken over a period of 4 weeks. The observations are presented in more detail in graphical form.

Factors Limiting the Recruitment of Eucalyptus salmonophloia in Remnant Woodlands. III. Conditions Necessary for Seed Germination

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Yates ◽  
RJ Hobbs ◽  
RW Bell
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Germination Niche

Characteristics of the germination strategy of Eucalyptus salmonophloia are described, and whether the germination niche is limiting recruitment of E. salmonophloia seedlings in remnant woodlands is discussed. Germination in E. salmonophloia proceeds with favourable soil temperature and water conditions on a variety of substrates. However, at temperatures above and below the optimum for germination (25°C), enforced dormancy occurs and germination is retarded. In these situations, dormancy is simply overcome when temperatures return to optimum. Seeds can remain moist at sub-optimum temperatures for prolonged periods without losing viability. Furthermore E. salmonophloia seeds are capable of withstanding a cycle of wetting and drying with undiminished germination capacity. Conditions suitable for germination occur at the beginning of the winter wet season in SW Australia when soil temperatures are still suitable and soil moisture and atmospheric humidity are frequently high. These germination characteristics minimize the chances of seeds germinating at times when the probability of seedling establishment is low (e.g. summer). This is particularly important because E. salmonophloia only establishes a temporary soil, seed-reserve following large scale disturbances, and therefore the opportunities for recruitment may be quite rare. In remnant woodland when ants were excluded and a soil seed-bank was created artificially, seeds germinated, but no seedlings survived. This suggests that the destruction of seeds by ants during inter-disturbance periods is having little effect on recruitment because seedlings are unlikely to establish. Unfavourable conditions for germination are unlikely to be responsible for the lack of E. salmonophloia seedling recruitment in remnant woodlands.Further research is needed to identify the factors critical for seedling establishment; changes in resource availability following large-scale disturbances and associated tree death are important in this respect.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI PENGELOLAAN AIR BENDUNG CAWAK UNTUK DAERAH IRIGASI CAWAK DENGAN PROGRAM SOLVER (Studi kasus : Kemanteren Nglumber_Kecamatan Kepohbaru_Kabupaten Bojonegoro)

EXTRAPOLASI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Hudhiyantoro Hudhiyantoro ◽  
Bayu Aji Dwi Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Area Mt ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Irrigated Area

AbstractBendung Cawak is located in the district of Kepohbaru, Bojonegoro. Bendung Cawak is used for irrigation and water supplies of Kepohbaru, water availability is insufficient, while the amount of land and also residents who need water, so optimization Bendung Cawak is necessary for the water pitcher bendung can be optimized according to the needs.In this study, to maximize the area of land irrigated area to be optimized. In the optimization model used is the optimization of the monthly for 1 year by calculating the area of irrigated land available, land irrigation is met, the greater availability of water and irrigation needs are met. Optimization method used in this calculation is Program Solver.The results obtained by the reliable discharge available in the Cawak dam reservoir are 2.547 m3 / second. The need for irrigation water with the cropping pattern of Palawija-Padi-Padi at the beginning of planting in August I is 0.579 l / sec / ha as a planting plan with the minimum water requirements. As well as optimization, the optimum cropping pattern and initial planting are August I with the Palawija-Padi-Padi planting intensity 291% and with irrigation area MT I 675 ha, MT II 742 ha, MT III 742 ha. AbstrakBendung Cawak terletak di Kecamatan Kepohbaru, Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Layanan Bendung Cawak dipergunakan untuk keperluan irigasi di Daerah Irigasi Cawak Kecamatan Kepohbaru, ketersediaan air yang tidak mencukupi sedangkan banyaknya lahan yang membutuhkan air , sehingga Optimasi Bendung Cawak sangat diperlukan agar air tampungan Bendung dapat dioptimalkan sesuaidengan kebutuhan.Pada studi ini, untuk memaksimalkan luas lahan irigasi dilakukan optimasi luas lahan irigasi . Dalam model optimasi yang digunakan adalah optimasi satu bulanan selama 1 tahun dengan memperhitungkan luas lahan irigasi yang tersedia, luas lahan irigasi yang terpenuhi, besarnya ketersediaan debit air maksimal, dan kebutuhan air irigasi yang dipenuhi. Metode optimasi yang digunakan dalam perhitungan ini yaitu Program Solver.Hasil yang diperoleh debit andalan yang tersedia di tampungan bendung cawak adalah 2,547 m3/detik. kebutuhan air irigasi dengan pola tanam Palawija-Padi-Padi awal tanam Agustus I itu sebesar 0,579 lt/dtk/ha sebagai rencana tanam dengan kebutuhan air paling minimum.Serta optimasi didapatkan pola tanam dan awal tanam yang paling optimum adalah Agustus I dengan pola tanam Palawija-Padi-Padi intensitas tanam 291% dan dengan luas areal irigasi MT I 675 ha, MT II 742 ha, MT III 742 ha.

Approach of Soil and Water Conservation on Desilting Highland in Typical Irrigation Area from the Lower Yellow River

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3668-3672
Author(s):  
Rui Feng Liu ◽  
Hai Bo Jiang ◽  
Xin Bing Liu ◽  
Liang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
The Lower Yellow River ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Land Leveling ◽  
Highland Vegetation

Exampled by Weishan irrigated area, the largest irrigation area in the lower basin of Yellow River, this study summarizes the experience of erosion controlling on desilting highland for years and proposes comprehensive control modes including water diversion irrigation management. After taking the engineering measures such as land leveling, soil mulching and land planishing and the vegetation measures such as slope protection by highland vegetation and shelterbelt network, the desilting highland in Weishan irrigation area was overall controlled, soil erosion and ecological environment deterioration have been restrained effectively.

scholarly journals Influence Of New Types Of Horizontal Ditches On The Growth, Development And Yield Of Winter Wheat In Saline And Groundwater Surface Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
B.E. Izbаsarov ◽  
◽  
U. Norkulov ◽  
B. Tukhtashev ◽  
Sh. Hikmatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Experimental Variant ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Seasonal Irrigation

The average salinity of Jizzakh region in the vicinity of groundwater (1.5 m) under the influence of a newly built closed bed ditch, winter wheat is irrigated 3 times during the season, the current irrigation rate is 823-933 m3 / ha. The norm of seasonal irrigation was 2586 m3 / ha, and the grain yield of winter wheat was obtained depending on the experimental areas, ie the area of the new construction (experimental variant) and the old type of irrigated area (control). At the same time, the average grain yield in the experimental field was 43.2 t / ha, and in the control field - 40.1 t / ha.

scholarly journals REMOTE SENSING MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT IN SPRING CONSIDERING IRRIGATION AREA: A CASE STUDY OF DONGLEI IRRIGATION DISTRICT (PHASE II)

2020 ◽  
Vol V-3-2020 ◽  
pp. 483-488
Author(s):  
H. Liu ◽  
W. Song ◽  
Y. Duan ◽  
T. Sun ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Irrigated Area

Abstract. As one of the common natural disasters, drought is extremely destructive to agriculture. Drought has risen in recent years, so how to effectively monitor drought has become the focus of attention of relevant government departments. When drought occurs, irrigation measures will be taken in the irrigation district for drought resistance and disaster reduction. At this time, drought monitoring based on meteorological data and remote sensing index has certain limitations. Based on the surface temperature data of MODIS, this paper extracted the irrigation area information in the irrigated district, compared the drought monitoring results of irrigated area with those based on precipitation anomaly percentage and vegetation anomaly index, and analysed the importance of agricultural drought monitoring based on remote sensing of irrigated area. This paper considers that it is necessary to consider the distribution of the irrigated area when conducting drought monitoring in the irrigation district, it can improve the accuracy of agricultural monitoring, and it can provide the basis for government and agriculture and other related departments to manage water resources and formulate drought-resistance policies.

Ecological aspects of weed control in cotton in the Ord River valley, W.A. 2. The effect of soil depth on emergence of weed seedlings

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rijn PJ van
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

A study was made of the emergence from various soil depths of cotton, six grasses and six broad-leaved weeds commonly occurring in the irrigated area of the Ord River valley, W.A. The experiments were conducted in a glasshouse under temperatures fluctuating between 20� and 35�C, under conditions of adequate aeration and soil water in Cununurra clay, the main soil type of the Ord irrigation area. Seedling emergence was inversely related to seed depth, and, in general, the ability of seeds to emerge from various soil depths was positively associated with the average seed weight of the species. Of the grasses, only Echinochloa colonum and Iseilema vaginiflorum emerged from depths exceeding 3 inches. The maximum depths from which broad-leaved species emerged varied from 3 to 7 inches, depending on the species. The emergence pattern of cotton was almost identical with that of Hibiscus ficulneus and Operculina turpethum, but cotton and Operculina were the only species to emerge from a depth of 7 inches and then only in small numbers. The practical implications of these findings on depth of cultivation and herbicide placement are discussed.

scholarly journals Penentuan Skala Prioritas Pengembangan Potensi Mata Air untuk Irigasi Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS di Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putri Prabandari ◽  
Hari Siswoyo ◽  
Riyanto Haribowo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Seasonal Flow ◽  
Order Preference

The objective of this study was to determine the order of priority for the development of potential springs as a source of irrigation water using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. This research was conducted in 11 locations of springs in Singosari District, Malang Regency. The spring potential assessment was carried out using 4 criteria consisting of water quantity, water quality, flow continuity, and irrigation area. The quantity of water at the research site is in the range of 8 liters/second – 45,180 liters/second. The water quality of the 11 springs is in the same class, namely C2-S1 with medium salinity hazards and low alkalinity hazards. There were 7 springs with annual flow and 4 springs with seasonal flow. The irrigated area in the study area ranged from 0.12 ha to 98 ha. The order of priority for the 3 highest springs to be developed based on the minimum discharge, namely Umbulan Spring, Sekaran Spring, and Pakisuceng Spring, while based on the maximum discharge, namely Umbulan Spring, Suko Spring, and Petung Wulung Spring.

scholarly journals Optimasi Pola Tata Tanam untuk Peningkatan Luas Layanan pada Daerah Irigasi Saddang

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Kiki Frida Sulistyani ◽  
Danang Bimo Irianto
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Tennant Method ◽  
River Conservation ◽  
Planting Season

Daerah Irigasi (DI) Saddang berada di Kabupaten Pinrang Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan dengan luas areal 61.198 Ha, yang mendapatkan air dari Bendung Benteng memiliki debit rata-rata 319 m3/dt dan debit Andalan yang berfluktuasi antara 39,8 – 328,1 m3/dt. DI Sadang memiliki Pola Tata Tanam (PTT) eksisting Padi-Padi Palawija dengan awal tanam yang berbeda-beda pada setiap primer/sekundernya. Hasil perhitungan neraca air dengan PTT eksisting tanpa memperhitungkan debit pemeliharaan didapatkan areal yang terairi seluas 48.958 Ha di MT1 61.198 Ha di MT2 dan 61.198 ha di MT3 atau areal terairi 61.198 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 280%. Guna mengoptimalkan air yang ada maka dibuat PTT rencana, dengan mengeser awal musim tanam pada berbagai variasi. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan PTT rencana Padi-Padi-Palawija didapat bahwa  air yang ada masih cukup untuk mengairi areal seluas 61.198 dengan intensitas tanam 300%. Kelebihan air yang ada, jika di manfaatkan untuk penambahan areal, didapat tambahan areal yang bisa terairi seluas 47.016 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 300%. Jadi secara perhitungan total, didapat areal terairi seluas 108.214 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 300%. Perhitungan ini juga tanpa mempertimbangkan debit pemeliharaan. Sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada, debit pemeliharaan tetap harus dialokasikan untuk kelestarian sungai. Perhitungan debit pemeliharaan dengan menggunakan metode Tennant, didapatkan debit pemeliharaan Bendung benteng adalah 31,9 m3/dt. Dari hasil analisa neraca air dengan memperhitungkan debit pemeliharaan didapatkan areal yang terairi dengan pola tanam Padi-Padi-Palawija adalah seluas 61.198 Ha di MT1 61.198 Ha di MT2 dan 16.523 ha di MT3 atau areal terairi 61.198 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 227 %. Terjadi penurunan intensitas tanam sebesar 53 % di banding pola tata eksisting.ABSTRACTThe Saddang Irrigation Area is located in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province with an area of 61,198 ha, which gets water from the Benteng Barrage, which has an average discharge of 319 m3/s and a fluctuating dependable flow between 39.8 - 328.1 m3/s Saddang Irrigation Area has an existing crop pattern of Paddy Paddy Palawija with different planting starts for each primary/secondary. The results of the calculation of the water balance with the existing cropping pattern without considering maintenance flow as an obligation that must be fulfilled, have a result it can irrigate 48.958 ha in Planting Season 1, 61.198 ha in planting season 2, and 61.198 ha in planting season 3, or irrigated 61.198 ha with 280% crop intensity. To optimize the available water, a planned crop pattern was created, by shifting the beginning of the planting season to various variations. From the results of calculations with the cropping pattern of the Paddy-Paddy-Palawija, it was found that the available water was still sufficient to irrigate an area of 61.198 ha with 300% crop intensity. If the excess water is used for additional areas, an additional area that can be irrigated is 47.016 ha with 300% crop intensity. So in the total calculation, the irrigated area is 108,214 ha with 300% crop intensity. This calculation is also without considering maintenance flow as an obligation that must be fulfilled. Under existing regulations, the maintenance flow must be allocated for river conservation. Calculation of the maintenance flow using the Tennant method, it is found that the maintenance discharge of the Benteng Barrage is 31.9 m3/s. From the results of the water balance analysis with maintenance flow as an obligation that must be fulfilled, from the calculation results obtained that the irrigated area with the Paddy-Paddy-Palawija cropping pattern, was 61.198 ha in planting season 1, 61.198 ha in planting season 2, and 16.523 ha in planting season 3, or 61.198 ha with 227% crop intensity. There was a 53 % decrease compared to the existing crop intensity.

scholarly journals Study on the Exploitation Scheme of Groundwater under Well-Canal Conjunctive Irrigation in Seasonally Freezing-Thawing Agricultural Areas

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Wei Mao ◽  
Heng Dai ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern China ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Local Grid ◽  
Process Prediction ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The suitable groundwater exploitation scheme in freezing-thawing agricultural areas under the well-canal conjunctive irrigation conditions is confronted with two major challenges, which are computationally expensive local grid refinements along wells, and the model suitability problem in the freezing-thawing period. In this study, an empirical method for groundwater level prediction in the freezing-thawing period was developed and integrated with the local grid refinement groundwater model MODFLOW-LGR for the groundwater process prediction. The model was then applied to estimate the suitable groundwater exploitation scheme, including the size of well-irrigated area and the irrigation area of single well. The results showed that suitable size of well-irrigated area should be smaller than 15 × 106 m2, and the recommended irrigation area of single well as 15 × 104 m2 to 19 × 104 m2. The recommended layout parameters of groundwater exploitation were further used to plan the well-canal conjunctive irrigation scheme in Yongji irrigation district located in northern China. This study provides an important pilot example of the conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water in arid irrigation areas with a seasonal freezing-thawing period.

Developing GIS portal to ensure sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of transferring radio engineering objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Zibarev ◽  
A. S. Afanasev ◽  
O. V. Slusareva ◽  
T. I. Muragimov ◽  
V. A. Stepanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Automated Processes

In recent years, in the Russian Federation there has been an increase in the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in residential areas, including due to an increase in the number of base stations (BS). The purpose of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance at the stages of placement and commissioning of base stations (BS) is to prevent their adverse effects on public health. The increase in the number of base stations, together with the advent of new electronic equipment and antennas, provide opportunities for improving the processes of their accounting at the stage of placement and monitoring of the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at the operation stage. This automation tool can be a geo-information portal for providing sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of cellular base stations. The prototype of the geo-information portal allows both calculating the size of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) and building restriction zones (RZ) from the BS in online mode, displaying the results of calculations in graphical form and issuing sanitary and epidemiological conclusions for the placement and operation of base stations. The geo-information portal has the ability to synchronize with the data of the radio frequency center. Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing will be able to receive up-to-date analytical data. There will be completely automated processes of collecting, processing and storing information on BS.

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