Soil fertility changes in the long-term experimental plots at Kybybolite, South Australia. II. Changes in phosphorus.

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Increased Retention

The fate of phosphorus applied as superphosphate and rock phosphate to grassland plots at Kybybolite established in 1919 on solonetzic soils has been studied by soil analytical techniques. The additional effect of the amendments lime and gypsum has also been examined. From past records of phosphorus added as fertilizer, the probable amounts of phosphorus removed in animal products, and present phosphorus levels of the surface 8 in. of soil, it has been possible to draw up a balance sheet of gains and losses. The results show that considerable penetration of phosphorus applied in the water-soluble form has occurred. Less than half the phosphorus applied as superphosphate can be accounted for in the surface 8 in. The remainder is presumed to have been leached to lower soil horizons. In contrasting these results with those of other areas of similar rainfall where little movement of applied water-soluble phosphate has occurred, it is believed that the greater penetration at Kybybolite can be explained on the basis of the coarse texture and the low fixing capacity of the surface soil. Where acid-soluble phosphate has been applied, less movement through the soil is apparent, and 75–89 per cent. of the residual phosphorus applied as rock phosphate can be accounted for in the surface soil, mostly in the top 2 in. Lime has resulted in an increased retention of phosphorus in the surface soil. Gypsum, on the other hand, has not resulted in increased retention. The need for a reappraisal of the present widespread practice of continuous mono-application of superphosphate to pastures after residual levels in the soil have been raised is discussed. In particular, the possible role of acid-soluble phosphate is examined.

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: I. Immediate value of dicalcium phosphate, nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for barley and ryegrass

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers

SUMMARYThree granular nitrophosphates containing 5, 26 and 50 % of their total phosphorus in a water-soluble form, granular potassium metaphosphate, Gafsa rock phosphate and basic slag (both as powders) were compared with granular superphosphate and powdered dicalcium phosphate as standards in two annual experiments with ryegrass and in three experiments with barley.In 1960 total yields of ryegrass during a whole season were similar with all fertilizers. Nitrophosphate-5, Gafsa rock phosphate and basic slag acted more slowly than granular superphosphate and grass grew less well and took up less phosphorus during the first 12 weeks. Over the whole growing season more phosphorus was taken up by grass from powdered dicalcium phosphate and from granular potassium metaphosphate (0.5–2.0 mm) than from granular superphosphate (1.0–4.0 mm).Powdered dicalcium phosphate was equivalent to about 60% as much phosphorus applied as superphosphate to barley. Rock phosphate was almost inert and percentage granular superphosphate equivalents of basic slag and potassium metaphosphate were 22 and 23% respectively. Percentage superphosphate equivalents of the granular nitrophosphates were 1, 25 and 53% and almost equal to the water-soluble phosphate they contained.

Evaluation of some sources of fertilizer phosphorus in two cycles of a paddy-wheat cropping sequence

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Hundal ◽  
P. S. Deol ◽  
G. S. Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Soluble P

SUMMARYA field experiment was made on Gurdaspur clay loam to assess the relative efficiency of various sources of fertilizer phosphorus for a paddy-wheat cropping sequence. Urea ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, a nitrophosphate fertilizer containing 30% water-soluble P and fertilizers containing 50 and 70% water-soluble P prepared from the nitrophosphate and superphosphate, dicalcium phosphate and rock phosphate were applied to the paddy crop at the rate of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg p2O6/ha and to wheat at double these rates.The cumulative yield data for paddy and wheat show a slight reduction in efficiency of phosphatio fertilizers, with the exception of dicalcium phosphate, as their watersoluble content decreased below 70%. In general, the relative efficiency of the less water-soluble sources and of rock phosphate was considerably higher for paddy than for wheat.The results show that the relative efficiency of low water-soluble phosphate fertilizers increased with time. The efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers declined with the rate of their application, more so in the case of higher water-soluble materials.

Wheat yield responses to various phosphate fertilizers in South Australia

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Calcined Phosphate ◽  
Yield Responses

A number of phosphate fertilizers were tested as a source of phosphorus for wheat during three seasons (1967-1969) in the cereal growing areas of South Australia. The fertilizers were standard superphosphate, double superphosphate, calcium phosphate, two forms of calcined phosphate, a mixture of calcined phosphate with superphosphate, and untreated rock phosphate. Nine experiments were sown on a range of soils (pH 6.2 8.4) during the three years.At equivalent rates of total phosphorus, the water-soluble phosphates (superphosphate, double superphosphate) and the readily hydrolysed calcium pyrophosphate gave similar responses in all experiments. Water insoluble calcined and rock phosphates gave lower yields than superphosphate and, in most cases, the yields were not significantly greater than with no fertilizer.Uptake of phosphorus in the grain paralleled the grain yield differences between the fertilizers.

EFFICIENCY OF PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS OF VARYING WATER-SOLUBILITY

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hagin ◽  
J. Berkovits
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Availability ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

Three fertilizers containing various amounts of citrate- and water-soluble phosphates were compared with superphosphate and rock phosphate in field and greenhouse experiments.Yield curves and equations were calculated and drawn and, from these, availability coefficients were calculated.The phosphate availability of the fertilizers was reduced as the relative amount of water-soluble phosphate they contained was reduced. However, in fertilizers that contained a relatively large amount of water-soluble phosphorus, the citrate-soluble fraction was partly available.

scholarly journals The fate of water-soluble phosphate applied to some mineral soils

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Phosphate Solutions ◽  
Soluble Part

The distribution of applied water-soluble phosphorus in the various fractions of soil inorganic phosphorus was studied in an incubation experiment under the laboratory conditions. Samples of twelve soils were incubated for three months at room temperature with the applications of KH2P04 in amounts corresponding to 100, 200, or 500 mg P/kg of soil. The results of the fractionation showed that in most samples the applied phosphorus could be found almost completely in the fluoride-soluble and alkali-soluble fractions, the part of the former being the higher and that of the latter the lower the higher the rate of the phosphate application. Similar results were obtained also when the fractionation was performed after the samples had been in contact with the phosphate solutions only for two hours. Analyses of samples from two field trials were in accordance with these results. The soils tended to have a characteristic pattern of phosphate retention which in extreme cases means an almost complete sorption of the applied phosphate either as the fluoride-soluble form or as the alkali-soluble form. In most soils, however, the distribution was more equal. Usually the fluoride-soluble part of the recovered phosphorus tended to be somewhat higher than the alkali-soluble part. This tendency was more distinct in regard to the newly retained phosphorus. The effect of phosphate fertilizers in our soils is discussed on the basis of the results.

Effects of the amounts of phosphate fertilizer, and of the proportions of water-soluble phosphate in the fertilizers tested on the phosphorus nutrition of sorghum

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Govil ◽  
R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Nutrition ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

SUMMARYA field experiment was made with sorghum hybrid CSH-1 during the rainy seasons of 1968 and 1969 on a sandy loam soil to study the influence of amounts and sources of phosphate fertilizer on phosphorus nutrition. Concentration of P in the crop and uptake increased with increasing amounts of phosphate and with increasing proportions of water-soluble P in triple superphosphate-dicalcium phosphate and triple superphosphate-rock phosphate mixtures. Relative effectiveness values were calculated from P uptake at harvest by a multiple regression method. For triple superphosphate, nitrophosphate (30% water soluble P), dicalcium phosphate and rock phosphate (from Jordan) the values were respectively, 100, 74, 61 and 22.

Growth characters and yield of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) as affected by contents of water–soluble P in triple superphosphate/dicalcium phosphate and triple superphosphate/rock phosphate mixtures

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Govil ◽  
Rajendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Phosphorus Application

SUMMARYA field experiment was made during the rainy seasons of 1968 and 1969 on a sandy loam soil to study the response of Sorghum hybrid CSH–1 to phosphorus in relation to content of water-soluble phosphate in fertilizers. Triple superphosphate, dicalcium phosphate, rock phosphate (200-mesh), nitrophosphate and mixtures of triple superphosphate with dicalcium phosphate and rock phosphate in 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3 ratios were studied. The amounts of phosphorus applied were 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. Phosphorus application significantly affected dry matterproduced, plant height, days to 50% bloom, number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, stover and grain yield. Triple superphosphate and 3:1 triple superphosphate/dicalcium phosphate mixture were the most effective while rock phosphate and 1:3 triple superphosphate/rock phosphate mixture the least. Differences among sources were more marked in 1968 and at the higher amount i.e. 60 kg P2O5/ha. The response of sorghum to phosphorus was considerably lowered when the water solubility waa below 50% in triple superphosphate/dicalcium phosphate mixtures and below 75% in triple superphosphate/rock phosphate mixtures. Relative effectiveness was assessed by calculating ‘superphosphate equivalents’ and ‘multiple regressions’. Using superphosphate equivalents dicalcium phosphate, nitrophosphate and rock phosphates were 47–53%, 35–56% and 3–25%, respectively, as effective as triple superphosphate.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Carotenoid Composition of Melilot (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.) Extracts and the Effects of Isolated (All-E)-lutein-5,6-epoxide on Primary Sensory Neurons and Macrophages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Györgyi Horváth ◽  
Eszter Csikós ◽  
Eichertné Violetta Andres ◽  
Tímea Bencsik ◽  
Anikó Takátsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Primary Sensory Neurons ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Melilotus officinalis is known to contain several types of secondary metabolites. In contrast, the carotenoid composition of this medicinal plant has not been investigated, although it may also contribute to the biological activities of the drug, such as anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this study focuses on the isolation and identification of carotenoids from Meliloti herba and on the effect of isolated (all-E)-lutein 5,6-epoxide on primary sensory neurons and macrophages involved in nociception, as well as neurogenic and non-neurogenic inflammatory processes. The composition of the plant extracts was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The main carotenoid was isolated by column liquid chromatography (CLC) and identified by MS and NMR. The effect of water-soluble lutein 5,6-epoxide-RAMEB (randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin) was investigated on Ca2+-influx in rat primary sensory neurons induced by the activation of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor agonist to mustard-oil and on endotoxin-induced IL-1β release from isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages. (all-E)-Lutein 5,6-epoxide significantly decreased the percent of responsive primary sensory neurons compared to the vehicle-treated stimulated control. Furthermore, endotoxin-evoked IL-1β release from macrophages was significantly decreased by 100 µM lutein 5,6-epoxide compared to the vehicle-treated control. The water-soluble form of lutein 5,6-epoxide-RAMEB decreases the activation of primary sensory neurons and macrophages, which opens perspectives for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications.

scholarly journals Perspective: Practical Approach to Preventing Subclinical B12 Deficiency in Elderly Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vincenti ◽  
Laura Bertuzzo ◽  
Antonio Limitone ◽  
Giuseppe D’Antona ◽  
Hellas Cena
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Inadequate Dietary Intake

Vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that plays a pivotal role for several physiologic functions during one’s lifespan. Only certain microorganisms are able to synthetize B12, thus humans obtain cobalamin exclusively from their diet, specifically from animal-derived foods. Specific sub-group populations are at risk of vitamin B12 subclinical deficiency due to different factors including poor intake of animal source foods and age-dependent decrease in the capacity of intestinal B12 uptake. Consumption of animal products produces some negative health issues and negatively impacts sustainability while a plant-based diet increases the risk of B12 deficiency. Taking a cue from the aforementioned considerations, this narrative review aims to summarize facts about B12 deficiency and the burden of inadequate dietary intake in elderly population, as well as to discuss sustainable approaches to vitamin B12 deficiency in aging population.

scholarly journals Human Lanosterol 14-Alpha Demethylase (CYP51A1) Is a Putative Target for Natural Flavonoid Luteolin 7,3′-Disulfate

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Leonid Kaluzhskiy ◽  
Pavel Ershov ◽  
Evgeniy Yablokov ◽  
Tatsiana Shkel ◽  
Irina Grabovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Optical Biosensor ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Redox Partner ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Key Steps

Widespread pathologies such as atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and cancer are associated with dysregulation of sterol biosynthesis and metabolism. Cholesterol modulates the signaling pathways of neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (cytochrome P450(51), CYP51A1) catalyzes one of the key steps in cholesterol biosynthesis. The fairly low somatic mutation frequency of CYP51A1, its druggability, as well as the possibility of interfering with cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells collectively suggest the clinical importance of CYP51A1. Here, we show that the natural flavonoid, luteolin 7,3′-disulfate, inhibits CYP51A1 activity. We also screened baicalein and luteolin, known to have antitumor activities and low toxicity, for their ability to interact with CYP51A1. The Kd values were estimated using both a surface plasmon resonance optical biosensor and spectral titration assays. Unexpectedly, in the enzymatic activity assays, only the water-soluble form of luteolin—luteolin 7,3′-disulfate—showed the ability to potently inhibit CYP51A1. Based on molecular docking, luteolin 7,3′-disulfate binding suggests blocking of the substrate access channel. However, an alternative site on the proximal surface where the redox partner binds cannot be excluded. Overall, flavonoids have the potential to inhibit the activity of human CYP51A1 and should be further explored for their cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document