Studies on fluorosis of sheep. III. The toxicity of water-borne fluoride for the grazing sheep throughout its life

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Peirce
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Water Borne

Three experimental groups of lambs were given water containing the same three different levels of fluorine, added as sodium fluoride, that their mothers had received during pregnancy and lactation. Group A (control), containing 21 wethers and 11 ewes, received water containing about 0 . 3 p.p.m. F, group B (17 wethers) received water containing 10 p.p.m. F, and group C (20 wethers and 10 ewes) received water containing 20 p.p.m.F. The ewes were mated in each of the last 6 years, and the experiment was terminated when the animals reached 7 years of age. During the winter months little water was drunk. In the summer months the daily intake of water by groups B and C rose to 41, equivalent to 40 and 80 mg F, for the two groups respectively. Their overall mean daily intake for the whole experiment was 14 and 27 mg F respectively. Water containing 10 p.p.m. F appeared to have no adverse effects on the health of the sheep, but decreased wool production and induced characteristic changes in the teeth. Water containing 20 p.p.m. F affected health and wool production, and induced more severe signs of fluorosis on the teeth. Neither concentration affected reproductive performance. Increases up to threefold were observed in the fluoride content of the bones and teeth. The implications of the findings are discussed, particularly in relation to flock management in Queensland.

Studies of the skeleton of the sheep I. The effect of different levels of dietary calcium during pregnancy and lactation on individual bones

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Benzie ◽  
A. W. Boyne ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno ◽  
J. Duckworth ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ash Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Different Levels

1. Three groups of mature ewes were fed during pregnancy and lactation on rations differing in their calcium content. The mean daily intakes of calcium were 1·4 g. (group A), 4·5 g. (group B), and 7·4 g. (group C). Blood samples were analysed monthly for calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The ewes were killed at approximately 100 days after parturition and the skeletons isolated. Individual bones, either whole or divided into definite fractions, were analysed.2. The level of calcium intake was without effect on the number of lambs born, birth weight, or growth while milk fed.3. Blood calcium was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C, but blood inorganic phosphorus was unaltered.4. The resorption of bone substance was greater in group A than in groups B and C.5. The severity of resorption varied between bones, and in regions within certain bones. Resorption was most severe in the vertebrae and pelvis, and only slight in the metacarpal, the metatarsal and the shafts of other long bones. Resorption of intermediate magnitude was found for the remainder of the skeleton.6. Resorption was accompanied by reductions in the percentages of ash in bones, but this effect was proportionately less than the ash weight reduction.7. Radiological observations made on flesh-free bones at the end of the experiment gave a picture of resorption similar to that presented by the data for ash weights and percentages of ash, namely that resorption was much greater in group A than in groups B and C.

scholarly journals Adverse outcome of methotrexate and mini pulse betamethasone in the treatment of lichen planus

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Hazra ◽  
AM Choudhury ◽  
ATM Asaduzzaman ◽  
HK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Haematological Parameter ◽  
Morning Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University

The objectives of this study were to compare the adverse outcome of methotrexate and mini pulse betamethasone therapy in the treatment of lichen planus. It was a clinical trial conducted in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2009 to December 2010. Forty four patients of lichen planus were included in the study. Patients in Group-A, (n=23) were treated with methotrexate (10 mg) single morning dose and group-B (n=21) were treated with mini pulse betamethasone (5mg) single morning dose on 2 consecutive days during the period of 12 weeks. Adverse outcomes were measured by clinical examination and laboratory investigations during follow up visits. Anemia 3(14.2%) and edema 12(57.1%) developed in group-B but none in group-A. In group-B, dyspepsia 15(71.4%), acne 10(47.6%), mooning face 8(38.1%), striae 8(38.1%) and hypertrichosis 4(19.0%) developed but none in group-A. Intermittent diarrhoea, headache, nausea and fatigue complained in both groups of patients but the percentage of complaints was higher amog group-B compared to group-A. Menstrual abnormality developed in group-B 5(71.4%) but none in group-A. Laboratory investigations showed abnormality in platelet count and SGPT in group-A but none in group-B. The adverse effects of methotrexate on haematological parameter and liver functions were mild and could be prevented by reducing the dose but the adverse effects of betamethasone were unavoidable. The overall adverse effects were less in group-A than group-B. Therefore, methotrexate can be used as an alternative safer option for the treatment of lichen planus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i1.15806 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 22-27

scholarly journals Sodium fluoride as an ascaricide for swine raised on the ground

1969 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Radamee Orlandi ◽  
Fernando E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Treatment Trial ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Two trials were conducted to test the value of sodium fluoride as an ascaricide for growing pigs kept on infested grounds. The ability of the drug to kep animals free from ascarides and the possible toxicity upon repeated treatment were also studied. Three groups of animals similar as to breeding, weight and age were used in Trial I. Group "A" served as control. Group "B" received 0.2 gm. of phenothiazine per pound or bodily weight and group "C" one per cent sodium fluoride mixed with ground feed. Except for slight variations in the procedure and the elimination of the phenothiazine treatment, Trial II was conducted in the same manner. The effectiveness of the different treatments given during the experimental period was measured by statistical analyses of the number of ascarid and non-ascarid eggs per gram of fresh rectal feces secured once every week, by the weight gains made by each animal, and by the number of Ascaris worms found upon visceral examination. The results obtained suggest that sodium fluoride at the rate of one per cent mixed in the feed every three weeks is a very satisfactory drug for killing Ascaris lumbricoides suis found in growing pigs raised on the ground. When fed repeatedly to growing pigs for periods of from 3 to 4 months it was effective in keeping the animals clean, with no toxic effects whatsoever. Phenothiazine at the rate of 0.2 gm. per pound of bodily weight administered every three weeks was found to be unreliable as an ascaricide. The data obtained during the two trials made suggest that sodium fluoride is specific against Ascaris lumbricoides suis.

Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to 0.5 % Ropivacaine for Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 849-853
Author(s):  
Shweta Saurin Mehta ◽  
Nidhiben Sureshbhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Supraclavicular Approach ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Regional Anaesthetic Technique ◽  
Plexus Block

BACKGROUND Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is a reliable, regional anaesthetic technique for upper limb surgeries. Also known as “spinal of upper limb”.1 The present study was conducted to assess the analgesic efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to 0.5 % ropivacaine for ultrasound sonography (USG) guided brachial plexus block. METHODS 50 adult patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II of both genders, aged 18 - 50 years scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries under brachial plexus block via supraclavicular approach were randomised into 2 groups of 25 patients each to receive either 20 ml of 0.5 % ropivacaine with 2 ml of normal saline (group A) or 20 ml of 0.5 % ropivacaine with 2 ml of dexamethasone (8 mg) (group B). RESULTS Use of ultrasound helps in better visualisation of nerves, needle & spread of local anaesthetic at brachial plexus block site. So, less amount of drug volume is required for the block. Time of onset of sensory and motor block was significantly lower in group B compared to group A. Mean duration of motor and sensory block was significantly longer in group B than group A. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 18.79 ± 2.31 hours in group B & 9.06 ± 0.35 hours in group A, with statistically highly significant difference (P < 0.05). There were no perioperative haemodynamic variations between the two groups and no complication of technique or adverse effects due to dexamethasone occurred. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone 8 mg has significantly extended duration of analgesia of brachial plexus block with no adverse effects. KEYWORDS Brachial Plexus Block, Ropivacaine, Dexamethasone, Supraclavicular Approach, Ultrasound Guidance

scholarly journals Use of Warm Local Anaesthetic Solution for Caudal Blocks

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. M. Lim ◽  
K. Y. Chong ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
W. Jong
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Anaesthetic Solution ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Local Anaesthetic Solution ◽  
Speed Of Onset

A double-blind study was undertaken to investigate the effect of prewarmed local anaesthetic solution on the latency of onset of caudal blocks. Forty-four (ASA I-II) patients were allocated into two equal groups. In Group A, the local anaesthetic solutions were injected at room temperature (25°C), while in Group B, they were injected at 37°C. All the caudal blocks were performed using 20 ml of lignocaine 1.5% with adrenaline 1:200,000. The speed of onset of perianal analgesia was found to be significantly faster (39%) with the prewarmed local anaesthetic solution (P < 0.05). No adverse effects were observed.

The Efficacy of Herbal Medicine (Kampo) in Reducing the Adverse Effects of IFN-β in Chronic Hepatitis C

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosaburo Kainuma ◽  
Jun Hayashi ◽  
Shinya Sakai ◽  
Kazuaki Imai ◽  
Naoki Mantani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Group A ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Ifn Treatment ◽  
Group B

The purpose of this study was to determine if the adverse effects of interferon (IFN) in hepatitis C patients could be reduced by treatment with Japanese Oriental (Kampo) medicine. Twelve patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with a combination of IFN-β and either Mao-to or Dai-seiryu-to (groups A and B), and 16 patients were treated with IFN-β alone (group C). Mao-to was administered to eight patients and Dai-seiryu-to was administered to four in groups A and B, respectively. Adverse effects were evaluated by clinical and laboratory examinations. The severity of symptoms was daily self-classified into four categories (1: none, 2: very slight, 3: moderate, and 4: serious), using a questionnaire consisting of 29 items. Scores of symptom such as discomfort and fever in group A, and discomfort, general malaise, paresthesia and arthralgia in group B were significantly lower than those in group C (p > 0.05). In all patients, HCV-RNA was negative at the end of the treatment, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels had normalized transiently in all group A and B patients with genotype 1b by 2 weeks after cessation of IFN treatment. This study indicates that Kampo medicines are useful for reducing the adverse effects accompanying IFN treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C without reducing the antiviral effects.

scholarly journals TREATMENTS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS LIVER CIRRHOSIS WITH PEGYLAT INTERFERON-RIBAVIRIN AND INTERFERON FREE – COMPARATIVE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
S.A. Florescu ◽  
◽  
S. Lazar ◽  
C. Oprea ◽  
A. Motoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The article describes the adverse effects and efficiency of hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis treatments available through the National Health Insurance Services, on a population of patients hospitalized at Victor Babes Infectious and Tropical Diseases Hospital, from 2012 to 2016. The population of patients was split into two distinct groups, for which we’ve recorded and comparatively analyzed demographic, clinical and paraclinical characteristics in a database. An evident success was recorded, from the point of view of hitting a clinical SVR index, in the DAA therapy group A, 87% percent compared to 2% in group B for the traditional standard therapy of PegInterferon + Ribavirin. Likewise, the number of adverse effects was lower in Group B versus Group A. Some side effects remained specific to the current cirrhosis treatment, which should be closely monitored.

Simplification to dual therapy containing lamivudine and raltegravir or dolutegravir in HIV-infected patients on virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3327-3333
Author(s):  
Leonardo Calza ◽  
Vincenzo Colangeli ◽  
Marco Borderi ◽  
Diletta Testi ◽  
Bianca Granozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Antiretroviral dual regimens including lamivudine and one boosted PI or dolutegravir are warranted in order to optimize combination ART (cART), prevent long-term toxicity and reduce the cost of treatments. Objectives We hypothesized that a maintenance dual regimen of lamivudine plus raltegravir would be effective and as well tolerated as the dual maintenance combination of lamivudine plus dolutegravir. Methods We performed an observational, retrospective study of HIV-infected patients on suppressive ART who switched to a dual regimen containing lamivudine 300 mg once daily plus raltegravir 1200 mg once daily or dolutegravir 50 mg once daily. Results In total, 109 patients (79 men; mean age 46.4 years; mean CD4+ T lymphocyte count 605 cells/mm3) were enrolled. Overall, 50 subjects switched to lamivudine plus raltegravir (Group A) and 59 to lamivudine plus dolutegravir (Group B). After 12 months, 45 patients (90%) in Group A and 52 (88.1%) in Group B had HIV RNA &lt;20 copies/mL. No patients had severe adverse effects in either group, and the percentages of patients with mild adverse effects were comparable, except for a higher incidence of headache and sleeping disturbances in Group B than in Group A (30.5% versus 14%, P &lt; 0.001). A comparable and non-significant weight increase was reported in both groups (+1.91 kg in Group A and +2.28 kg in Group B). Conclusions In our study, dual therapies containing lamivudine plus raltegravir or dolutegravir in virologically suppressed patients showed high and comparable efficacy, as well as good tolerability.

Randomized Trial of Silver Nitrate with Sodium Fluoride for Caries Arrest

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Gao ◽  
D. Duangthip ◽  
M.C.M. Wong ◽  
E.C.M. Lo ◽  
C.H. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Objectives: The aim of this noninferiority double-blind randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of the topical semiannual application of a 25% silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution followed by a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish with that of a 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution in arresting caries among preschool children. Methods: Healthy 3-y-old children with active dentine carious lesions were randomly allocated to 2 groups via computer-generated random numbers. Lesions in group A received applications of a 25% AgNO3 solution followed by a 5% NaF varnish semiannually (every 6 mo). Lesions in group B received semiannual applications of a 38% SDF solution followed by a placebo varnish. A trained examiner recorded the status of caries and oral hygiene at baseline and during follow-up examinations. The examiner, children, and their caretakers were blinded to the intervention allocation. This study adopted an intention-to-treat analysis. A noninferiority test was conducted for the data analysis. Group A’s noninferiority was accepted if the lower limit of the 95% CI for the difference in the mean number of arrested surfaces was >−0.5. Results: A total of 1,070 children were recruited at baseline, with 535 children in each group. After 18 mo, the mean ± SD number of arrested surfaces was 3.3 ± 3.4 in group A (n = 484) and 3.2 ± 3.5 in group B (n = 476; P = 0.664). The difference in the mean number of arrested surfaces between the groups was 0.092 (95% CI, −0.322 to 0.505). Apart from black staining on the arrested lesions, no other significant side effect was observed. Conclusion: A semiannual application of 25% AgNO3 followed by 5% NaF is no worse than a 38% SDF in arresting dentine caries among preschool children over 18 mo. The Hong Kong Research Grants Council (GRF 17107315) funded this trial, which was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02019160). Knowledge Transfer Statement: This randomized clinical trial found that silver nitrate solution followed by sodium fluoride varnish is effective in arresting dentine caries among preschool children. As silver nitrate followed by sodium fluoride is a noninvasive and simple protocol, it can be an alternative strategy to manage dental caries among young children, especially in countries where silver diamine fluoride is not available.

scholarly journals Oestrus synchronisation in postpartum dairy cows using repetitive prostaglandin doses: Comparison between D-cloprostenol and dinoprost

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Marín ◽  
Jose Sánchez ◽  
Guillermo Vizuete ◽  
Luis Quintela ◽  
Laura Molina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This trial evaluated the reproductive performance in an early routine oestrus induction programme using two different PGF2α preparations in dairy cattle. D-cloprostenol sodium (n = 192; Group A) or dinoprost (n = 187; Group B) was administered between days 35 and 42 post partum. Also, a group of non-treated cows (n = 135; Group C) was included as control. Pedometers were used to detect oestrus, and also secondary oestrous signs and vaginal mucus quality were assessed prior to artificial insemination (AI). When oestrus was not detected for 14 days after PGF2α administration, the treatment was repeated, up to a maximum of three times. There were no differences between the study groups in oestrus detection (A = 73.48%, B = 73.01%, C = 79.26%; P = 0.428), good mucus quality (A = 96.45%, B = 91.30%, C = 93.45%; P = 0.203) and the presence of mounting lesions (A = 98.58, B = 94.93%, C = 98.13; P = 0.414). First-service pregnancy rates were 19.78%, 15.64% and 32.03% in Groups A, B and C, respectively (P = 0.003). There were no inter-group differences for the interval from parturition to first AI. However, a significantly shorter interval from parturition to conception (92.17 days, 99.45 days, 118.93 days; P = 0.002) and significantly less services per conception (2.12, 2.18, 2.66; P = 0.003) were observed in Groups A and B in comparison with Group C. The use of PGF2α resulted in better fertility in a repetitive, routine postpartum programme, although no differences between Dcloprostenol and dinoprost were detected.

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